Control effect of boring pests on fruit trees by high-pressure injection of pesticides

This research is to control the pests inside fruits and buds by injecting pesticides into the tree with the high-pressure injector. The soluable pesticides injected into the trunk can transported insides to every part of the tree to kill pests. The change of pesticides inside the tree was observed. The result showed that injecting pesticides once a year could kill above 80% of the pests which happened once annually. The effect of injection lasts longer than that of applying the pesticide outside. The pesticides injected into the tree are not affected by environment and do not kill natural enemies directly,and the residual amount of pesticides is below the international standard level.

Development and Application of a Surface High-pressure Injection Device Using a Submersible Electric Pump

Injection recovery is an important measure for increasing the oil recovery rate of an oil field. One way is that centrifugal pumps or plunger pumps are used in an injection station to responsible for injection over a large area under the same pressure. This method is ineffective for low-permeability layers. For the oilfields in dispersed distribution in the marginal areas of Daqing, the low water-absorbing section needs an injection with a high delivery pressure and a low discharge capacity; another way is to install the submersible electric pump upside down, but because the submersible electric pump and the motor are underground, it is difficult for installation and maintenance. Introduced in this paper is the development and application of a surface high-pressure injection device with a submersible electric pump. Bysuccessful resolving some problems, such as the axial force of the submersible electric pump, sealing, level regulation of the pump, coaxiality and vibration, the device has the good points of running smoothly, moving easily, installation and maintains quickly and long period of running. This device can effectively solve the injection of the low water-absorbing section and of oilfields in dispersed locations. The recovery rate of oilfields is also enhanced.

Characteristics of High-Pressure Spray of a Gasoline Direct Injection Injector Under Non-Flash Boiling and Flash Boiling Conditions

The increasingly stringent emission regulations and fuel consumption requirements have elevated the demands of internal combustion engines with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions.It has been widely demonstrated that fash boiling spray can generate shorter and wider spray with improved atomization and evaporation to promote a better air-fuel mixing process.In this study,macroscopic(far-field)spray morphologies and primary breakup(near-field)characteristics of a two-hole gasoline direct injection injector are investigated under non-flash boiling and flash boiling conditions.High speed macroscopic and microscopic imaging was used to capture the overall spray structure and near-field characteristics,respectively.N-Hexane is used as the test fuel with the injection pressure ranging from 10 MPa up to 40 MPa.For sub-cooled liquid fuel sprays,increasing fuel pressure contributes to enhanced fuel atomization and evaporation.Evident collapses occurred under fare flash boiling conditions,and higher injection pressure weakened this phenomenon since the spray cone angle decreased due to a higher injection velocity.

STRATEGY FOR DIESEL ROTARY ENGINE WITH COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM

A direct injection low compression ratios diesel rotary engine is designed and studied to find the appropriate application of the electronic controlled high pressure common rail injection system. Current development focuses on the applied fuel injection and ignition strategies, especially concerning the combustion configurations of injectors, ignition source, and combustion chamber. The prototype engine, equipped with Bosch common rail system and high performance electronic control unit （ECU）, is designed correspondingly. Studies show that the integration of a common rail injection system and the main and pilot duel injectors configurations, assisted with glow plug ignition device and flexible ECU, represents a promising approach to improve the potential of the low compression ratios diesel rotary engine. Currently the engine can run at 6 kr · min^-1 steadily and the power is about 68 kW/（4 kr ·min^- 1）.

High-pressure capacity expansion and water injection mechanism and indicator curve model for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs

Water injection for oil displacement is one of the most effective ways to develop fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.With the increase in the number of rounds of water injection,the development effect gradually fails.The emergence of high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection technology allows increased production from old wells.Although high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection technology has been implemented in practice for nearly 10 years in fractured-vuggy reservoirs,its mechanism remains unclear,and the water injection curve is not apparent.In the past,evaluating its effect could only be done by measuring the injection-production volume.In this study,we analyze the mechanism of high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection.We propose a fluid exchange index for high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection and establish a discrete model suitable for high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection curves in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.We propose the following mechanisms:replenishing energy,increasing energy,replacing energy,and releasing energy.The above mechanisms can be identified by the high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection curve of the well HA6X in the Halahatang Oilfield in the Tarim Basin.By solving the basic model,the relative errors of Reservoirs I and II are found to be 1.9%and 1.5%,respectively,and the application of field examples demonstrates that our proposed high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection indicator curve is reasonable and reliable.This research can provide theoretical support for high-pressure capacity expansion and water injection technology in fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Optimization of Combustion Characteristics and Fuel Injection Timing of a New Type Dual-Pit Combustor Rotary Engine

In order to improve the performance of the rotary engine,this paper has designed a new type of dual-pit rotary engine combustion chamber structure,and compares the combustion and emission characteristics with the rotary engine with a traditional combustion chamber.The existence of the dual-pit combustion chamber strengthens the overall vortex intensity in the cylinder,effectively promotes the mixing process of fuel and air in the cylinder,the maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder increased by 8.6%,significantly increases the diffusion combustion speed,and significantly improves the dynamic performance of the rotary engine.On this basis,the effects of fuel injection timing parameters on fuel distribution,combustion and emission characteristics were studied.Fuel distribution is more even and dispersed during injection in the later stage of compression.When the fuel injection timing was 105°BTDC in the middle of the compression phase,the matching effect of fuel distribution law and ignition scheme was the best.When the injection timing was 75°BTDC and 85°BTDC in the late compression stage,the mass fraction of NOx remained at a low level.The correlation between soot generation and the change of fuel injection timing was weak.When the injection time was 85°BTDC,the soot generation remained at a relatively high level.

汽车激光雷达盖板的双色注塑模具设计

根据某车型激光雷达盖板的双色结构及形状,采用动模型芯旋转式结构的模具方案,设计了一套一出二的热流道双色注塑模具。利用Moldflow软件进行了双色成型分析,双色注塑第一次注射成型透明的PMMA材料的产品,第二次注射成型黑色ASA材料的产品。为实现该双色产品的结构成型,在定模处设计了2组不同结构的型腔,在动模处设计了2组左右对称的型芯,并且,在型芯侧设计了双斜导柱抽芯机构,冷却系统设计为“直通式+隔水片”的随形循环水路;顶出系统设计为2组独立的液压油缸,在产品顶出取件中,第一次注射成型的PMMA产品不顶出,第二次注射成型的ASA材料的产品采用“直顶+斜顶”的组合机构将双色产品推出,最终通过机械手完成产品的取件。实践生产证明了该双色模具结构合理、运行稳定、成型的双色塑件表面无缺陷。

不同氢气喷孔直径对汽油掺氢X型转子发动机性能及污染物排放的影响

针对高效X型转子发动机汽油燃烧不充分的问题,提出了一种缸内直喷掺氢方法用于提升燃烧效率和发动机热力性能。建立了X型转子发动机三维CFD数值模型,通过缸压、放热率和功率实验数据验证了模型有效性,在喷氢总量、喷氢压力、喷氢开始时刻相同的条件下,分析了氢气缸内直喷且汽油预混时氢气喷孔直径对发动机缸内流动、燃烧、热力性能以及污染物排放特性的影响,并与纯汽油预混式发动机性能进行对比,揭示了缸内直喷掺氢方法的优越性。结果表明,在小氢气喷孔直径(2 mm)下,火焰传播比较均匀,且在燃烧室两侧狭缝中都有较大的对称的火焰,燃烧更加充分,发动机指示热效率达到了最高37.07%,较不喷氢和大氢气喷孔直径(4 mm)分别提高了10.23%和7.85%。与大氢气喷孔直径相比,虽然小氢气喷孔直径下NO x排放量上升了21.12%,但是碳氢化合物、碳烟排放量分别下降了79.08%和2.17%。小氢气喷孔直径(2 mm)为最优喷氢方案,研究为X型转子发动机的喷氢方案设计与优化提供了指导。

基于PSO-BP神经网络的回转窑喷煤量预测

喷煤量调节是回转窑内各段温度控制的主要途径和手段,但由于回转窑内球团的煅烧过程具有非线性、时滞性、多变量和不确定性等特点,该部分温度难以有效控制。本文构建一种基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络(PSO-BP)的回转窑喷煤量预测模型,通过仿真试验对比喷煤量的预测值与实际值,分析误差和辨识模型的拟合效果。结果表明:PSO-BP神经网络预测模型的精度优于原始BP神经网络,具有较高的寻优效率,总体拟合效果较好,其线性拟合度约为0.95,绝对误差约为0.09 t/h,相对误差约为2.4%。基于PSO-BP神经网络模型预测预热段的温度平均相对误差为0.8%,总体平均温度波动在±10℃以内,说明构建的回转窑喷煤量预测模型准确可靠且适用性强,将建立的神经网络作为前馈控制模块与传统的PID控制相结合构成预热段温度自动控制系统,可实现回转窑温度场稳定控制。

高压喷射扩大头锚杆在地下室抗浮设计中的应用

文中依托工程实例,对高压喷射扩大头锚杆的施工技术进行分析,通过现场试验检测锚杆的施工质量,并与普通的锚杆技术进行经济性对比。结果表明,锚杆的位移与加载呈正相关,锚杆的荷载-位移曲线离散性较小,且测试过程中锚杆未被破坏,抗浮锚杆具有良好的施工效果。

旋挖钻机在不良地质地带钻孔灌注桩施工中的关键技术

为提高不良地质地带工程施工的效率和质量,需要探讨旋挖钻机在不良地质地带钻孔灌注桩施工中的关键技术。不良地质地带的地质条件往往较为复杂,给工程施工带来了巨大挑战。对此,需要通过深入研究和实际工程经验总结,提出一系列解决方案,以确保施工质量和效率。

大埔县茶阳镇堤防工程防渗加固施工工艺研究

针对高压旋喷注浆对地质要求较高且返浆量大的问题,研究依托大埔县茶阳镇堤防工程进行防渗加固施工工艺设计,引入钻灌一体技术与高压旋喷结合,提出一种无返浆高压旋喷的方式。研究显示,加固桩芯样检查以及载荷试验结果均符合相关规范要求,承载力超过140kN。加固桩桩径为61.2~70.5cm,渗透系数均小于5.0×10^(-5)cm/s。结果表明,研究提出的无返浆高压旋喷方式在茶阳镇堤防工程的防渗加固施工中具有可行性和可靠性,在防渗加固领域具有一定的应用价值。

喷油位置对柴油转子发动机分层混合气形成的影响研究

柴油转子发动机采用缸内直喷加引燃点火的运行方式,其混合气形成对后续燃烧过程具有重要的影响。基于实验验证的三维动态数值仿真模型,研究了喷油位置对燃烧室内燃料分层规律的影响,分析了五组不同喷油位置下燃烧室内燃料的浓度、质量分数、蒸发量等信息的变化规律。研究结果表明:改变喷油位置,缸内平均压力和平均温度的变化均较小,但是燃烧室内和点火腔附近的燃料分布规律和质量分数变化明显。当采用较远的喷油位置,即远离点火腔时,燃烧室内分层混合气的分布位置和浓度较合理,点火腔周边的燃料浓度较适中。结合转子发动机向前的火焰传播特性,喷油位置为35 mm、40 mm和45 mm是优选的方案,其混合气分布更理想。为缸内直喷液体燃料转子发动机可燃混合气组织提供一些理论参考。

某塑胶U型管注塑模具设计

针对塑胶U型管内壁型芯脱模难度大的特点,将U型管塑件内壁型芯分解为2个直型芯与1个圆弧型芯的拼合结构,在模具动模侧设计了3组油缸驱动抽芯机构完成3个型芯的抽芯动作。2组油缸驱动抽芯机构完成2个直型芯抽芯,其中1组在完成直抽芯过程中,同时驱动动模型腔、摆件板旋转10°,达到共同推动塑件在圆弧型芯上旋转预脱模,防止由摆件板单独推动塑件旋转脱模,引起塑件塑性变形;设计模具二次开模,解决了动模型腔在旋转过程中与相关零件干涉的问题;第3组油缸驱动齿条齿轮传动机构,带动摆件板推动U型管塑件旋转,完成圆弧型芯脱模运动,解决了传统圆弧型芯旋转脱模所需脱模空间大、出现运动干涉,以及圆弧型芯难以冷却等问题。

不同供氢方式对X型转子发动机性能影响的仿真研究

为了进一步提升新型动力装置X型转子发动机的性能,采用掺氢燃烧的方式改善发动机的燃烧过程。利用数值仿真建立并验证了XMv3型转子机的掺氢CFD模型,选择了进气道掺氢和燃烧室直喷掺氢两种供氢方式进行对比,探究了掺氢对缸内流动、燃烧和排放过程的影响,揭示了掺氢比例以及不同供氢方式对缸内湍动能和涡度、自由基团、缸温和缸压以及CO和NO_(x)排放的影响规律。结果表明:在进气过程中,缸内形成了伴随着两个涡团的主流场,将气体带向燃烧室的两侧,充分混合空气与燃料,有利于燃烧过程;掺氢后,燃烧区域向燃烧室两侧狭缝扩展,改善了燃烧性能,且直喷掺氢的效果要明显优于气道掺氢的;同时,由于采取高当量比的燃烧策略和掺氢提高了缸内温度,分别使得CO和NO_(x)的排放量明显增加;相比未掺氢的情况,掺氢能量分数为5%时,气道掺氢和直喷掺氢的缸压峰值分别提高了16.71%和43.15%。本研究可为X型转子发动机供氢方式的设计提供参考依据。

径向密封泄漏作用下喷射策略对柴油转子发动机燃烧过程的影响

为进一步提升柴油转子发动机的性能,对柴油转子发动机缸内燃烧过程进行了研究。此外,考虑到转子发动机在实际工作过程中难以避免的径向泄漏,建立了一种考虑径向密封泄漏的周边进气转子发动机三维动态计算模型,并对模型进行了验证。结合该计算模型,研究了柴油喷射时刻和喷射持续期对燃料分布及燃烧过程的影响。结果表明:当喷射时刻为上止点前80°曲轴转角且喷射持续期为50°曲轴转角时可获得较好的燃烧和排放特性。与原方案相比,缸内峰值压力提升了11.38%,碳烟和CO生成量分别降低了78.71%和92.72%,NO_(x)和CO_(2)生成量有所增加。

注醇雾化器优化及试验

乙二醇是天然气处理技术中的水合物抑制剂,注醇过程中,乙二醇的雾化效果直接影响注醇量和外输天然气的品质。目前使用的注醇雾化器虽已经过多次改进,但依然存在注醇量大、雾化效果差、影响换热器效果、注醇压差大等问题,有必要对注醇雾化器进行优化。研发了一种新型注醇雾化器,采用旋转型喷嘴,内部设计独特的涡流叶片(或起旋头)和涡流室,在较低压差作用下液体进入涡流室高速旋转形成薄膜,在离心力和速度的共同作用下将进入的液体全部雾化。最终通过试验验证了工作原理及效果满足工程使用需求。新型注醇雾化器解决了现有注醇雾化器在实际工作中雾化效果差、液滴不均匀、注醇压差大、注醇雾化器磨损大等具体问题。研究结果对提高外输天然气品质、降低地面工程投资有借鉴意义。

Experimental research on the heating performance of a single cylinder refrigerant injection rotary compressor heat pump with flash tank

A single cylinder rotary compressor was applied in the refrigerant injection air-source heat pump to improve the heating performance in cold regions. In this study, the performance of an R410 A single cylinder rotary compressor vapor injection(SCRCVI) system was measured and analyzed by varying the compressor frequency f and injection pressure Pi njat the ambient temperature To d=–10°C.The experimental results indicated that an optimum injection pressure to gain the maximum COP_h (coefficient of performance) existed in the SCRCVI cycle. However, the maximum COP_h of the SCRCVI system decreased as the increase of the frequency, and the maximum COPhwas even lower than that of the CSVC system at high compressor frequency. Therefore, in view of the energy saving and emission reduction, the SCRCVI system should be switched to single stage compression system when the heating capacity demand could be satisfied at high compressor frequency f. Compared to the conventional single-stage vapor compression(CSVC) system, refrigerant injection could enhance the heating capacities and COP_h by 28.2% and 7.91%, respectively. The average total mass flow rate of the SCRCVI system was 24.68% higher than that of the CSVC system. As the SCRCVI system worked at the optimum injection pressure, the variation trends of the different system parameters were investigated in detail. These trends were reliably used to optimize the refrigerant injection system design and the control strategy. The parameter of(P_(inj)–P_s) could be adopted as the signals to control the opening of the upper stage electronic expansion valve EEV1.

低渗透地层中高压旋喷和直压注射工艺修复三氯乙烯污染土壤对比分析——以上海某污染地块为例

高压旋喷和直压注射原位修复工艺在低渗透地层中的适用性尚缺乏较为系统的理论分析和实践对比。以上海某三氯乙烯(TCE)污染地块为例,从药剂选择、工艺影响半径分析、修复效果等方面论述原位修复工艺的适用性。对比分析零价铁(ZVI)还原技术和活化过硫酸钠(PS)氧化技术,表明活化PS氧化技术成熟度高,修复效果更有保障。引入圆形断面自由紊动射流理论和宾汉姆流体柱形渗流理论分别对高压旋喷工艺和直压注射工艺影响半径进行理论计算,结果表明两种工艺作用半径均受土层性质和工艺参数的影响。当二重管高压旋喷钻喷杆直径为50 mm,喷头直径为2 mm,注射压力为30 MPa,空气压力为0.8 MPa,旋转速度为10 r/min,提升速度为25 cm/min时,在粉质黏土、淤泥质粉质黏土、砂质粉土、淤泥质黏土层中的作用直径均能达到0.9 m以上。直压注射工艺在不同土层中的作用半径差异较大,当注射压力为5 MPa时,在砂性土层中作用半径达到1 m所需时间为0.23 h,而在粉质黏土中所需时间高达120.6 h;将注射压力提高至30 MPa,在粉质黏土中作用半径达到1 m所需时间仍需20.1 h。根据影响半径的理论分析确定修复工艺和参数,结合硫酸亚铁活化PS氧化技术开展TCE污染土壤的修复中试,结果显示土壤中TCE得到显著降解,且修复后残留质量分数低于风险控制值。该研究结果可为高压旋喷和直压注射工艺在低渗透地层污染修复项目中的应用提供理论依据和经验参考。

注水井转阀式脉冲信号发生器的设计与优化

智能分层注水井井下测试数据需要无线向上传输,根据注入水流动特性和发生脉冲的基本原理,设计发生脉冲信号的转阀基本结构和形状。利用优化设计软件对其阀口机械结构、性能参数进行优化,对不同工况下的旋转扭矩和脉冲振幅进行了模拟。优化后的转阀阀口型线为扇形、阀口数量为4个,产生的压力脉冲幅值达到了0.8 MPa以上,能够在注水量只有50 m^(3)/d的情况下实现井下测试数据的精确上传,为智能注水井实现无线传输提供了技术支撑。根据以上优化结果设计了一种能够把注入水作为动力传输介质的可以产生连续脉冲的注水井转阀式脉冲信号发生器,其传输方式为采用正脉冲向上传输。下一步将进行脉冲器的试制与室内试验,进一步优化其结构,达到现场应用需求。