AIM:To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population.METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cel...AIM:To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population.METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were obtained from Department of Pathology files, at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City during the period between 2000 and 2008. Slides from each case were reviewed and cases with sufficient neoplastic tissue were selected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect HPV DNA sequences. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from corresponding clinical records.RESULTS: HPV was detected in 15 (25%) of ESCCs. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed genotype, followed by HPV-18; HPV-59 was also detected in one case. Unfortunately, HPV genotype could not be established in three cases due to lack of material for direct sequencing, although universal primers detected the presence of HPV generic sequences. No low-risk HPV genotypes were found nor was HPV-16/18 co-infection. HPV presence in ESCC was not significantly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, anatomic location, or histologic grade. All patients belonged to low and very low socioeconomic strata, and were diagnosed at advanced disease stage. Male patients were most commonly affected and the male:female ratio in HPV-positive ESCC increased two- fold in comparison with HPV-negative cases (6.5:1 vs 3.1:1).CONCLUSION: High prevalence of high-risk HPV in ESCC in Mexico does not support the hypothesis that HPV-associated ESCC is more common in areas with higher ESCC incidence rates.展开更多
Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 25 specimens from 22 patients with oral carcinomas were examined by 6 selected primers of human papillomavirus (HPV). Eighteen of the 22 patients (18/22) gave positive reaction w...Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 25 specimens from 22 patients with oral carcinomas were examined by 6 selected primers of human papillomavirus (HPV). Eighteen of the 22 patients (18/22) gave positive reaction with a positive rate of 81.8%. The positive rates of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 were 27.3%, 18.2%, 63.6% and 40.9% respectively. 13.6% positive for mixed infection of HPV 16 and 18 (3/22) and 18.2% positive for mixed infection of HPV, 6, 11, 16 and 18 (4/22). Examining enlarged cervical lymph nodes in three cases with suspecting metastases to cervical lymph nodes from oral carcinomas. It revealed HPV DNA 16 and 18 in two cases and HPV DNA 18 in one case. These results suggested that there was a tendency for HPV 16 and 18 to metastasinze via lymphatics. Only one case of the three had a pathologic diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. Of the 30 non tumor controls, HPV DNA positivity was 10%, all being HPV 18. χ 2 test gave a P<0.005. It strongly indicated that HPV 16 and 18 were related to oral carcinomas.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether smoking is associated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. METHODS: HPV infection is considered to be a neces-sary condition for cervical cancer development. The study population incl...AIM: To investigate whether smoking is associated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. METHODS: HPV infection is considered to be a neces-sary condition for cervical cancer development. The study population included 1291 women, aged 25-55 years, attending cervical cancer screening. All women had a Papanicolaou(Pap) test, with liquid-based cytology(Thinprep), an HPV-DNA test and an evaluation of smoking habits. The COBAS 4800 system was used for HPV-DNA testing, enabling identifi cation of the following high-risk HPV(hr HPV)-types: each of HPVs 16 and 18 separately, and HPVs 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 as a cocktail. The evaluation of smoking habits was assessed using the smoking intensity index(SII), a variable formed as the product of cigarettes consumed per day by the days(years × 365) that a woman was a smoker, divided by 1000. RESULTS: There were 136 smokers among 238 women tested positive for hr HPV-types(HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and/or 68), and 463 smokers among 1053 hr HPV-negative women(OR = 1.7, P < 0.001). This association was attributed to the youngest age group of women, aged 25-34 years(OR = 2.3, P < 0.001), while there was no association in other age groups. The intensity of smoking(increasing SII) showed no statistically signifi cant association with hr HPV infection. Cervical infection with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 was also not associated with age or smoking habits. Finally, no association was found between Pap test status and smoking habits or smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Smoking appears to be associated with hr HPV infection of the uterine cervix, particularly in younger women. Further studies should investigate whether this association is based on causality and evaluate the role of other possible co-factors.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study was to study the effect of human papilloma virus （HPV） type 16 E7 protein ex- pression on growth of RMA cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods： The recombination vector pcDNA3.1-E7 ca...Objective： The aim of this study was to study the effect of human papilloma virus （HPV） type 16 E7 protein ex- pression on growth of RMA cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods： The recombination vector pcDNA3.1-E7 carrying wild type HPV 16 E7 was identified by sequencing. The recombination vector pcDNA3.1-E7 was transfected into mouse lymphadenoma cell line RMA by liposome, and the monoclonal cells transfected stably were obtained by antibiotics G418 sieving and limiting dilution assay. RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of HPV 16 E7 mRNA in RMA-E7 cells. The growth of RMA cells and RMA-E7 cells cultured in vitro was tested by Cell Count Kit-8. RMA-E7 cells and RMA cells were subcutaneously inoculated in syngeneic mice respectively, the tumor size was measured by sliding caliper twice a week, and the E7 protein expression in tumor tissue of mice was detected by Western blot after tumor formation. The kinetics of cytolytic activity of E7 specific T cells in tumor-bearing mice was measured by LDH kit. Results： Sequencing of recombination vector showed the target gene which was inserted into the recombinant was correct, and RMA-E7 cells expressing E7 protein stably were obtained by limited dilution assay. There were no obvious differences in morphous and growth velocity between RMA cells and RMA-E7 cells in vitro. RMA-E7 cells grew in syngeneic mice were significantly slower than RMA cells. The E7 protein was ex- pressed stronger in RMA-E7 cells in vivo than in vitro. The cytolytic ability of ET-specific CTL was activated at the early stage, reached the maximum at the middle stage, and lost at the end stage. RMA-E7 cells isolated from the tumor-bearing mice were more resistant to E7-specific CTL killing than RMA-E7 cells cultured in vitro. Conclusion： The E7 protein expression has no obvious influence on growth of RMA-E7 cells in vitro, and can suppress growth of RMA-E7 cells in vivo. The activity curve of E7 specific CTL approximately presents ＂bell＂ shape. The RMA-E7 cells grew in vivo had a high expression levels of E7 protein, and more resistant to E7-specific CTL killing than those cultured in vitro. The E7 protein expression in vivo not only initiates immune activation, but also induces immune tolerance.展开更多
The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervica...The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervical carcinomas. One hundred and eleven cervical cancer biopsies taken from Beijing area and Xiangyuan county in Shanxi province of China were examined for the presence of DNA sequences of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV by means of Dot blot hybridization. The experiment results showed that the total infectious rates of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV were 71.17% (79/111), 14.44%(16/111) and 15.63% (15/96), respectively. Seventy-nine samples positive for HPV were further analysed for the viral types distribution, the result indicated that the positive specimens of HPV type 16 accounted for 72.15%, otherwise, the biopsies positive for HPV type 18and 6B/11 only accounted for 16-46% and 11.39%,respectively. The data suggested that HPV infection,especially HPV type 16, may play an important role in the development of cervical carcinomas- 16 specimens positive for HSV-2 were examined for HPV DNAsequences and the result uncovered that 13 out of them were HPV16 positive (81.25%), 11 samples containing EBV genomes were also examined for HPV DNA sequences and the result indicated that 9 of 11 were detectable for HPV DNA. The experiment results proved a direct evtidence of multi-virus infection in cervix and of the synergistic interaction among viruses in the process of cervical epithelial carcinogenesis.Comparing of the viruses' infection of two areas, the frequencies of HPV infection in Beijing and Xiangyuan areas were 72.84% (59/ 81) and 66.67% (20/30) , the infectious rates of HSV-2 in the two areas were 8.64%(7/81) and 30% (9/30) (P<0.05), the rates of EBV infection in the two areas were 12.5% (10/80) and 31.25% (5/16)(0.1>P>0.05). The results proved another strong evidence that the high incidence of cervical cancer in Xiangyuan county may be closely correlated with multiviruses infection and with multi-virus synergistic interaction.展开更多
Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Ind...Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a non-selected Mexican population.METHODS: Cases with a pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were obtained from Department of Pathology files, at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City during the period between 2000 and 2008. Slides from each case were reviewed and cases with sufficient neoplastic tissue were selected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect HPV DNA sequences. Demographic and clinical data of each patient were retrieved from corresponding clinical records.RESULTS: HPV was detected in 15 (25%) of ESCCs. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed genotype, followed by HPV-18; HPV-59 was also detected in one case. Unfortunately, HPV genotype could not be established in three cases due to lack of material for direct sequencing, although universal primers detected the presence of HPV generic sequences. No low-risk HPV genotypes were found nor was HPV-16/18 co-infection. HPV presence in ESCC was not significantly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, anatomic location, or histologic grade. All patients belonged to low and very low socioeconomic strata, and were diagnosed at advanced disease stage. Male patients were most commonly affected and the male:female ratio in HPV-positive ESCC increased two- fold in comparison with HPV-negative cases (6.5:1 vs 3.1:1).CONCLUSION: High prevalence of high-risk HPV in ESCC in Mexico does not support the hypothesis that HPV-associated ESCC is more common in areas with higher ESCC incidence rates.
文摘Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 25 specimens from 22 patients with oral carcinomas were examined by 6 selected primers of human papillomavirus (HPV). Eighteen of the 22 patients (18/22) gave positive reaction with a positive rate of 81.8%. The positive rates of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 were 27.3%, 18.2%, 63.6% and 40.9% respectively. 13.6% positive for mixed infection of HPV 16 and 18 (3/22) and 18.2% positive for mixed infection of HPV, 6, 11, 16 and 18 (4/22). Examining enlarged cervical lymph nodes in three cases with suspecting metastases to cervical lymph nodes from oral carcinomas. It revealed HPV DNA 16 and 18 in two cases and HPV DNA 18 in one case. These results suggested that there was a tendency for HPV 16 and 18 to metastasinze via lymphatics. Only one case of the three had a pathologic diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. Of the 30 non tumor controls, HPV DNA positivity was 10%, all being HPV 18. χ 2 test gave a P<0.005. It strongly indicated that HPV 16 and 18 were related to oral carcinomas.
文摘AIM: To investigate whether smoking is associated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. METHODS: HPV infection is considered to be a neces-sary condition for cervical cancer development. The study population included 1291 women, aged 25-55 years, attending cervical cancer screening. All women had a Papanicolaou(Pap) test, with liquid-based cytology(Thinprep), an HPV-DNA test and an evaluation of smoking habits. The COBAS 4800 system was used for HPV-DNA testing, enabling identifi cation of the following high-risk HPV(hr HPV)-types: each of HPVs 16 and 18 separately, and HPVs 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 as a cocktail. The evaluation of smoking habits was assessed using the smoking intensity index(SII), a variable formed as the product of cigarettes consumed per day by the days(years × 365) that a woman was a smoker, divided by 1000. RESULTS: There were 136 smokers among 238 women tested positive for hr HPV-types(HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and/or 68), and 463 smokers among 1053 hr HPV-negative women(OR = 1.7, P < 0.001). This association was attributed to the youngest age group of women, aged 25-34 years(OR = 2.3, P < 0.001), while there was no association in other age groups. The intensity of smoking(increasing SII) showed no statistically signifi cant association with hr HPV infection. Cervical infection with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 was also not associated with age or smoking habits. Finally, no association was found between Pap test status and smoking habits or smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Smoking appears to be associated with hr HPV infection of the uterine cervix, particularly in younger women. Further studies should investigate whether this association is based on causality and evaluate the role of other possible co-factors.
文摘Objective： The aim of this study was to study the effect of human papilloma virus （HPV） type 16 E7 protein ex- pression on growth of RMA cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods： The recombination vector pcDNA3.1-E7 carrying wild type HPV 16 E7 was identified by sequencing. The recombination vector pcDNA3.1-E7 was transfected into mouse lymphadenoma cell line RMA by liposome, and the monoclonal cells transfected stably were obtained by antibiotics G418 sieving and limiting dilution assay. RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of HPV 16 E7 mRNA in RMA-E7 cells. The growth of RMA cells and RMA-E7 cells cultured in vitro was tested by Cell Count Kit-8. RMA-E7 cells and RMA cells were subcutaneously inoculated in syngeneic mice respectively, the tumor size was measured by sliding caliper twice a week, and the E7 protein expression in tumor tissue of mice was detected by Western blot after tumor formation. The kinetics of cytolytic activity of E7 specific T cells in tumor-bearing mice was measured by LDH kit. Results： Sequencing of recombination vector showed the target gene which was inserted into the recombinant was correct, and RMA-E7 cells expressing E7 protein stably were obtained by limited dilution assay. There were no obvious differences in morphous and growth velocity between RMA cells and RMA-E7 cells in vitro. RMA-E7 cells grew in syngeneic mice were significantly slower than RMA cells. The E7 protein was ex- pressed stronger in RMA-E7 cells in vivo than in vitro. The cytolytic ability of ET-specific CTL was activated at the early stage, reached the maximum at the middle stage, and lost at the end stage. RMA-E7 cells isolated from the tumor-bearing mice were more resistant to E7-specific CTL killing than RMA-E7 cells cultured in vitro. Conclusion： The E7 protein expression has no obvious influence on growth of RMA-E7 cells in vitro, and can suppress growth of RMA-E7 cells in vivo. The activity curve of E7 specific CTL approximately presents ＂bell＂ shape. The RMA-E7 cells grew in vivo had a high expression levels of E7 protein, and more resistant to E7-specific CTL killing than those cultured in vitro. The E7 protein expression in vivo not only initiates immune activation, but also induces immune tolerance.
文摘The infections of human papilloma virus (HPV),herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to human cervical epithelium are universal and some of them are associated with the development of cervical carcinomas. One hundred and eleven cervical cancer biopsies taken from Beijing area and Xiangyuan county in Shanxi province of China were examined for the presence of DNA sequences of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV by means of Dot blot hybridization. The experiment results showed that the total infectious rates of HPV, HSV-2 and EBV were 71.17% (79/111), 14.44%(16/111) and 15.63% (15/96), respectively. Seventy-nine samples positive for HPV were further analysed for the viral types distribution, the result indicated that the positive specimens of HPV type 16 accounted for 72.15%, otherwise, the biopsies positive for HPV type 18and 6B/11 only accounted for 16-46% and 11.39%,respectively. The data suggested that HPV infection,especially HPV type 16, may play an important role in the development of cervical carcinomas- 16 specimens positive for HSV-2 were examined for HPV DNAsequences and the result uncovered that 13 out of them were HPV16 positive (81.25%), 11 samples containing EBV genomes were also examined for HPV DNA sequences and the result indicated that 9 of 11 were detectable for HPV DNA. The experiment results proved a direct evtidence of multi-virus infection in cervix and of the synergistic interaction among viruses in the process of cervical epithelial carcinogenesis.Comparing of the viruses' infection of two areas, the frequencies of HPV infection in Beijing and Xiangyuan areas were 72.84% (59/ 81) and 66.67% (20/30) , the infectious rates of HSV-2 in the two areas were 8.64%(7/81) and 30% (9/30) (P<0.05), the rates of EBV infection in the two areas were 12.5% (10/80) and 31.25% (5/16)(0.1>P>0.05). The results proved another strong evidence that the high incidence of cervical cancer in Xiangyuan county may be closely correlated with multiviruses infection and with multi-virus synergistic interaction.
基金Ministry of Health,Republic of Indonesia provided financial assistance to support this study from their annual budget allocation.
文摘Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.
