It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclode...It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers(diethylenetriamine β-cyclodextrin polymer(DETA-TFCDP) and triethylenetetramine β-cyclodextrin polymer(TETA-TFCDP)) were prepared and applied to capture uranium. Results exhibited that DETA-TFCDP and TETA-TFCDP displayed the advantages of high adsorption amounts(612.2and 628.2 mg·g-1, respectively) and rapid adsorption rates, which can reach(88 ± 1)% of their equilibrium adsorption amounts in 10 min. Moreover, the adsorbent processes of DETA-TFCDP and TETATFCDP on uranium(Ⅵ) followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, stating they were mainly chemisorption and self-endothermic. Besides, TETA-TFCDP also showed excellent selectivity in the presence of seven competing cations and could be effectively reused five times via Na2CO3as the desorption reagent. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the enriched multi-amine groups and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of TETA-TFCDP were the main active sites for capturing uranium(Ⅵ). Hence, multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers are a highly efficient, rapid, and promising adsorbent for capturing uranium(Ⅵ)from radioactive wastewater.展开更多
High-quality data play a paramount role in monitoring,control,and prediction of wastewater treatment process(WWTP)and can effectively ensure the efficient and stable operation of system.Missing values seriously degrad...High-quality data play a paramount role in monitoring,control,and prediction of wastewater treatment process(WWTP)and can effectively ensure the efficient and stable operation of system.Missing values seriously degrade the accuracy,reliability and completeness of the data quality due to network collapses,connection errors and data transformation failures.In these cases,it is infeasible to recover missing data depending on the correlation with other variables.To tackle this issue,a univariate imputation method(UIM)is proposed for WWTP integrating decomposition method and imputation algorithms.First,the seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess method is utilized to decompose the original time series into the seasonal,trend and remainder components to deal with the nonstationary characteristics of WWTP data.Second,the support vector regression is used to approximate the nonlinearity of the trend and remainder components respectively to provide estimates of its missing values.A self-similarity decomposition is conducted to fill the seasonal component based on its periodic pattern.Third,all the imputed results are merged to obtain the imputation result.Finally,six time series of WWTP are used to evaluate the imputation performance of the proposed UIM by comparing with existing seven methods based on two indicators.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed UIM is effective for WWTP time series under different missing ratios.Therefore,the proposed UIM is a promising method to impute WWTP time series.展开更多
For a long time,China's regional water resource imbalance has restricted the development of coal chemical industry,and it is imperative to achieve zero liquid discharge(ZLD).Therefore,the game relationship between...For a long time,China's regional water resource imbalance has restricted the development of coal chemical industry,and it is imperative to achieve zero liquid discharge(ZLD).Therefore,the game relationship between technical indicators,costs and emissions in ZLD process of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process should be explored in detail.According to the accurate model,the simulation for ZLD of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process is established,and this process is assessed from the perspective of thermodynamics,economy,and environment.The total energy consumption of ZLD process before optimization is 4.032×10^(8)W.The results of exergy analysis show exergy destruction of ZLD process is 94.55%.For economic and environmental results,the total annual cost is 1.892×10^(7)USD·a^(-1)and the total environmental impact is 4.782×10^(-8).The total energy consumption of the optimal six-step ZLD process based on multi-objective optimization is 4.028×10^(8)W.The CO_(2)content in the treated wastewater is 0.1%.This study will have an important role in promoting the establishment of the ZLD process for coal chemistry industry.展开更多
Arsenic is one of the main harmful elements in industrial wastewater.How to remove arsenic has always been one of the research hotspots in academic circles.In the process of arsenic removal by traditional sulfuration,...Arsenic is one of the main harmful elements in industrial wastewater.How to remove arsenic has always been one of the research hotspots in academic circles.In the process of arsenic removal by traditional sulfuration,the use of traditional sulfurizing agent will introduce new metal cations,which will affect the recycling of acid.In this study,phosphorus pentasulfide (P_(2)S_(5)) was used as sulfurizing agent,which hydrolyzed to produce H_(3)PO_(4) and H_(2)S without introducing new metal cations.The effect of ultrasound on arsenic removal by P_(2)S_(5) was studied.Under the action of ultrasound,the utilization of P_(2)S_(5) was improved and the reaction time was shortened.The effects of S/As molar ratio and reaction time on arsenic removal rate were investigated under ultrasonic conditions.Ultrasonic enhanced heat and mass transfer so that the arsenic removal rate of 94.5%could be achieved under the conditions of S/As molar ratio of 2.1:1 and reaction time of 20 min.In the first 60 min,under the same S/As molar ratio and reaction time,the ultrasonic hydrolysis efficiency of P_(2)S_(5) was higher.This is because P_(2)S_(5) forms ([(P_(2)S_(4))])^(2+)under the ultrasonic action,and the structure is damaged,which is easier to be hydrolyzed.In addition,the precipitation after arsenic removal was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Our research avoids the introduction of metal cations in the arsenic removal process,and shortens the reaction time.展开更多
Aniline is a vital industrial raw material.However,highly-toxic aniline wastewater usually deteriorated effluent quality,posed a threat to human health and ecosystem safety.Therefore,this study reported a novel intern...Aniline is a vital industrial raw material.However,highly-toxic aniline wastewater usually deteriorated effluent quality,posed a threat to human health and ecosystem safety.Therefore,this study reported a novel internal circulation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis(ICE)reactor to treat aniline wastewater.The effects of reaction time,pH,aeration rate and iron-carbon(Fe/C)ratio on the removal rate of aniline and the chemical oxygen demand were investigated using single-factor experiments.This process exhibited high aniline degradation performance of approximately 99.86% under optimal operating conditions(reaction time=20 min,pH=3,aeration rate=0.5 m3·h^(-1),and Fe/C=1:2).Based on the experimental results,the response surface method was applied to optimize the aniline removal rate.The Box–Behnken method was used to obtain the interaction effects of three main factors.The result showed that the reaction time had a dominant effect on the removal rate of aniline.The highest aniline removal rate was obtained at pH of 2,aeration rate of 0.5 m^(3)·h^(-1)and reaction time of 30 min.Under optional experimental conditions,the aniline content of effluent was reduced to 3 mg·L^(-1)and the removal rate was as high as 98.24%,within the 95% confidence interval(97.84%-99.32%)of the predicted values.The solution was treated and the reaction intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and ion chromatography.The main intermediates were phenol,benzoquinone,and carboxylic acid.These were used to propose the potential mechanism of aniline degradation in the ICE reactor.The results obtained in this study provide optimized conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing aniline and can strengthen the understanding of the degradation mechanism of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis.展开更多
The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. T...The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. The aim of this study was to valorize (OMWW) by anaerobic fermentation in the presence of cow manure in order to produce biogas and reduce their toxic load. Many tests were carried out by fermenting (OMWW) with polyphenols in the presence of cow manure in thermophile temperatures. The performance of this treatment was valuated through measurements of biogas production and by the determination of different parameters of fermented media (pH, volume of the biogas and polyphenols).展开更多
The high water content of municipal solid waste(MSW)will reduce the effciency of mechanical sorting,consequently unfavorable for beneficial utilization.In this study,a combined hydrolytic-aerobic biodrying technology ...The high water content of municipal solid waste(MSW)will reduce the effciency of mechanical sorting,consequently unfavorable for beneficial utilization.In this study,a combined hydrolytic-aerobic biodrying technology was introduced to remove water from MSW.The total water removals were proved to depend on the ventilation frequency and the temporal span in the hydrolytic stage. The ventilation frequency of 6 times/d was preferable in the hydrolytic stage.The hydrolytic span should not be prolonged more than ...展开更多
Based on the analysis of adsorptive features of oyster shells,the researches on the treatment of phosphorous wastewater with oyster shells and the effect of temperature on phosphorus removal were carried out.XRD was u...Based on the analysis of adsorptive features of oyster shells,the researches on the treatment of phosphorous wastewater with oyster shells and the effect of temperature on phosphorus removal were carried out.XRD was used to characterize the crystalline phases,and the main component of oyster shells was shown to be CaCO3.When the pretreatment temperature reached 800 ℃,some CaCO3 decomposed into CaO.As the temperature was further raised,CaO increased gradually.Via SEM testing,the oyster shell was a kind of natural porous materials.The pore wall partially collapsed from 550 to 900 ℃.No obvious porous structure was found at 900 ℃.However,without preheating,the oyster shell phosphorous removal material can not adsorb the phosphorus.Pretreatment made calcium activate,thus greatly increasing the absorption of phosphorus.展开更多
The emission of microplastics into nature poses a threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Their penetration of the food chain presents a danger to human health as well. Wastewater treatment plants can be seen as...The emission of microplastics into nature poses a threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Their penetration of the food chain presents a danger to human health as well. Wastewater treatment plants can be seen as the last barrier between microplastics and the environment. This review focuses on the impact of waste treatment plants in retaining microplastics. Studies show that no wastewater treatment method leads to a complete retention of microplastics, and so wastewater treatment plants themselves are viewed as point sources for the discharge of microplastics into the aquatic environment. Problems associated with the utilization of microplastic loaded sewage sludge are also discussed in the review.展开更多
Some strains and culture of bacteria which are able to decolorize dyes and degrade polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were isolated and selected. A pilot scale facultative anaerobic-aerobic biological process was applied for trea...Some strains and culture of bacteria which are able to decolorize dyes and degrade polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were isolated and selected. A pilot scale facultative anaerobic-aerobic biological process was applied for treatment of textile wastewater containing dyes and PVA. Activated carbon adsorption was used as a tertiary treatment stage, and residual sludge from clarifier returned to the anaerobic reactor again. The pilot test were carried out with two systems. One was inoculated by acclimated sludge, and the another was adding the mixed culture of dye-decoloring and PVA-degrading bacteria for forming biological films, the latter was observed to be more effective than the former. The test has run normally for ten months with a COD loading of 2.13 kg/m3/day, a BOD5 loading of 0.34 kg/m3/day in anaerobic reactor; a COD loading of 1.71 kg/m3/day, a BOD5 loading 0.44 kg/m3/day in aerobic reactor. The pollutants removal efficiency by adding microbes was about 20% higher than that by acclimated sludge. The average removal efficiency of COD stood about 92%, BOD5 97%, PVA 90% and decolorization 80%. The other parameters of effluent quality are also satisfactory.展开更多
Tanneries reusing wastewater by combination of conventional and advanced Reverse Osmosis (RO) treatment technologies were assessed for technical and economic viabilities. Conventional treatment methods such as neutral...Tanneries reusing wastewater by combination of conventional and advanced Reverse Osmosis (RO) treatment technologies were assessed for technical and economic viabilities. Conventional treatment methods such as neutralization, clari-flocculation and biological processes are followed to clean the effluents before feeding to RO membrane modules. The characteristics of untreated composite effluents such as pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total chromium were in the range of 4.00-4.60, 680-3600 mg/L, 1698-7546 mg/L, 980-1480 mg/L, 4200-14500 mg/L, and 26.4-190 mg/L, respectively. Inorganic ions like Ca2+, Na+, Cl– and SO42– were found more in the wastewaters. Conventional treatments significantly removed the organic pollutants however failed to remove dissolved inorganic salts. Membrane technology removed the salts as well as remaining organic pollutants and the product water is reused in the process. The studied tanneries (5 numbers) have achieved 93-98%, 92-99% and 91-96% removal of TDS, sodium and chloride, respectively. Seventy to eighty five percentage of wastewater was recovered and recycled in the industrial processes. The rejects are subject to either solar evaporation system or Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) technology. The resulting salts are collected in polythene bags and disposed into scientifically managed secured land fill (SLF) site. The cost of wastewater treatment for operation and maintenances of RO including the pre-treatments (conventional methods) is INR 100-110 m-3.展开更多
In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping ...In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods. It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L, and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration. It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly, and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization. When the pH value was 11, the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest. For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in8 h.展开更多
In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stag...In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stages:the first was start up with phase I and phase II,the second was steady state.The following results average of operation period were obtained:(1)During the period of start up phase I operation the biogas production rate 0.39v/(v.day)at the volumetric COD loading rate of 2.97 kg COD/(m 3.d)with COD removal 76.85%and hydraulic retention time of 10.04 hours and phase II the biogas production rate 3.86 v/(v.day)at the volume loading rate 11.69 kg COD/(m 3.d)have been achieved with COD removal 82.47%and HRT 16.45 hours.UBF process had resistance to the quantitative shock load.(2)During the steady state operation,the biogas production rate 9.83v/(v.day)at loading rate of 28.85 kg COD/(m 3.d)and COD removal efficiency 80.03%and hydraulic retention time of 18.73 hours have been achieved for this reactor.The operation of UBF reactor was very stable.展开更多
For sustainable wastewater management in developing countries, the implementation of low\|cost, simple treatment systems should be encouraged. In this study, the performance of three treatment schemes was evaluated. T...For sustainable wastewater management in developing countries, the implementation of low\|cost, simple treatment systems should be encouraged. In this study, the performance of three treatment schemes was evaluated. The first step in all schemes was upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The post treatment was either Algal Pond (AP). Lemna Pond (LP) or Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC). The results show that the performance of the UASB was satisfactory. Mean COD and BOD removal values were 78% and 85% respectively. The combination of UASB with an AP achieved significant improvement in the microbiological quality of the effluent. The geometric mean of fecal coliform in the effluent was 1.3×10 3 MPN/100ml. Residual COD was 143 mg O\-2/L. This relatively high value was due to the presence of algae in the AP effluent. The use of the LP as a post treatment achieved better quality effluent. As indicated by the physico\|chemical characteristics. However, fecal coliform removal was less by one log as compared to the AP effluent. When the RBC was used as a second stage. COD and BOD removal rates were 47% and 66% respectively. Also complete nitrification took place. Fecal coliform density declined by 5 logs.展开更多
Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution i...Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution issues and generate economic benefits. In this work, the wet reclamation sewage was filtered, and the filtrate was causticized with a quicklime powder to produce a lye. The effects of causticization temperature, causticization time, and the amount of quicklime powder on the causticization rate were studied. The lye was used to dissolve the silica in the filtration residue to prepare a sodium silicate solution. The effects of the mass of filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time on sodium silicate modulus were studied. Finally, the recycled water glass was obtained by concentrating the sodium silicate solution, and the bonding strength of the recycled water glass was tested. The results showed that the causticization rate could be improved by increasing the amount of quicklime powder, causticization temperature, and causticization time, and the highest causticization rate was above 92%. Amorphous silica in the filtration residue dissolved in the lye. Increasing the amount of the filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time could improve the sodium silicate modulus. The bonding strength of the recycled water glass was close to that of commercial water glass. The recycled water glass could be used as a substitute for the commercial water glass.展开更多
This study demonstrated the importance, process, activation and applications of Membrane in bioreactor to treat the waste water. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process consists of a biological reactor integrated with membr...This study demonstrated the importance, process, activation and applications of Membrane in bioreactor to treat the waste water. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process consists of a biological reactor integrated with membranes that combine clarification and filtration of an activated sludge process into a simplified, single step process. Operating as an MBR allows conventional activated sludge plants to become single step processes, which produce high quality effluent potentially suitable for reuse. Application of MBR technology for industrial wastewater treatment has also gained attention because of the robustness of the process. Theoretically, maintenance of long SRT in MBR is in favor of the retention and development of special microorganisms, which may lead to better removal of refractory organic matter and make the system more robust to load variations and toxic shocks. Literature suggested the conceptual expectation of enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable compounds in MBR does not often come true. Improved biodegradation to certain extent has been reported in a few studies;however the underlying factors leading to such improvement still remains to be elucidated. This is comprehensive review of the studies dealing with recalcitrant industrial wastewater treatment by MBR, and casts light on the strategies to achieve enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable industrial pollutants in MBR.展开更多
The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irr...The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irrigation in India. As a consequence, the use of urban waste water (UWW) for irrigating agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban areas of developing countries. Effective collection and treatment of urban wastewater is a critical problem in a developing country like India. A case study was undertaken to assess the characteristic of the urban waste water and its management in Mysore city and its long-term effect on irrigation. The untreated and treated urban waste water was collected during 2008 and analyzed in the laboratory. The suitability of the UWW for irrigation purposes is then evaluated according to the existing water quality standards and the results were compared with Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) irrigation water quality standards. It is evident from the results, that the current situation is not promising especially regarding the Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids and heavy metal concentrations and also pH of the treated UWW is exceeding the FAO standards. Among the heavy metals, the concentration of Iron and chromium are exceeding the FAO standards.展开更多
An effective and economic process for removing arsenic in waste water which is acuminating in the process of etching, cutting and washing in semiconductor industry has been developed in this paper. The proposed techni...An effective and economic process for removing arsenic in waste water which is acuminating in the process of etching, cutting and washing in semiconductor industry has been developed in this paper. The proposed technique of arsenic removal is as follows: first pretreatment step is to oxidize arsenite to arsenate by potas-sium permanganate, second key step is precipitation based on arsenic compound solubility with ferric sulfate and slaked lime under pH adjustment, and the last complementary step is followed by the adsorption of the bentonite with enhanced by activated carbon and organic adsorbent. Experimental results show that under the optimal condition the removal efficiency of arsenic in the waste water is better than 99.99%, or the concen-tration of arsenic is from its original 100mg/l reduced to less than 10µg/l accordingly.展开更多
An old automotive industrial site located at Mexico City with many years of operation and contaminated with heavy oil hydrocarbons, particularly spent oils, was assessed for restoration using the surfactant enhanced s...An old automotive industrial site located at Mexico City with many years of operation and contaminated with heavy oil hydrocarbons, particularly spent oils, was assessed for restoration using the surfactant enhanced soil washing (SESW) process. The main goal of this study was to characterize the contaminated soil in terms of TPHs, BTEX, PAHs, and metals contents as well as microbiologically (total heterotrophs and specific degrading microorganisms). We also aimed to determine the surfactant type and concentration to be used in the SESW process for the automotive waste oil contaminated soil. At the end, sixteen kg of contaminated soil were washed and the produced wastewater (approximately 40 L) was characterized in terms of COD, BOD;solids, and other physico-chemical parameters. The soil contained about 14,000 mg of TPH/kg soil (heavy fraction), 0.13 mg/kg of benzo (k) fluoranthene and 0.07 mg/kg of benzo (a) pyrene as well as traces of some metals. Metals concentrations were always under the maximum concentration levels suggested by Mexican regulations. 15 different surfactants were used to identify the one with the capability to achieve the highest TPH removal. Surfactants included 5 anionics, 2 zwitterionic, 5 nonionics and 3 natural gums. Sulfopon 30 at a concentration of 0.5% offered the best surfactant performance. The TPH removals employing the different surfactants were in the range from 38% to 68%, in comparison to the soil washing with water (10% of TPH removal). Once the surfactant was selected, 70 kg of soil were washed and the resulting water contained approximately 1300 mg/L of COD, 385 mg/L of BOD (BOD/COD = 0.29), 122 mg/L of MBAS, and 212 mg/L of oil and greases, among other contaminants.展开更多
Mixed strains Delftia sp.YH01 and Acidovorax sp.YH02,with capability of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification,were introduced into a two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor to enhance NO3^--N removal....Mixed strains Delftia sp.YH01 and Acidovorax sp.YH02,with capability of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification,were introduced into a two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor to enhance NO3^--N removal.With optimal C/N of 8,efficient NO3^--N removal was achieved at initial NO3^--N concentration of 2000 mg·L−1.Meanwhile,the massive accumulation of NO2^--N was avoided during the long operation.Compared to the one-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor,the removal efficiency of NO3^--N and TN in the two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor was increased by 36.5% and 42.7%,which respectively was 93.8% and 88.4%.Microbial community study showed that the mixed strains have the stronger viability and can synergistically denitrify with the indigenous microorganisms in system,such as Azoarcus,Uncultured Saprospiraceae,Thauera,Paracocccus,which could be major contributors for aerobic denitrification.The proposed technology was shown to achieve high-efficiency treatment of high NO3^--N wastewater through aerobic denitrification.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21603064,52102214)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20202BABL203026,20212BAB203001,20202BABL214016)College Student Innovation and Enterprise Programme of Jiangxi Province(S202310405010)provided funding for this study.
文摘It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers(diethylenetriamine β-cyclodextrin polymer(DETA-TFCDP) and triethylenetetramine β-cyclodextrin polymer(TETA-TFCDP)) were prepared and applied to capture uranium. Results exhibited that DETA-TFCDP and TETA-TFCDP displayed the advantages of high adsorption amounts(612.2and 628.2 mg·g-1, respectively) and rapid adsorption rates, which can reach(88 ± 1)% of their equilibrium adsorption amounts in 10 min. Moreover, the adsorbent processes of DETA-TFCDP and TETATFCDP on uranium(Ⅵ) followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, stating they were mainly chemisorption and self-endothermic. Besides, TETA-TFCDP also showed excellent selectivity in the presence of seven competing cations and could be effectively reused five times via Na2CO3as the desorption reagent. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the enriched multi-amine groups and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of TETA-TFCDP were the main active sites for capturing uranium(Ⅵ). Hence, multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers are a highly efficient, rapid, and promising adsorbent for capturing uranium(Ⅵ)from radioactive wastewater.
基金the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2018YFC1900800-5)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61890930-5,61903010,6202100)+1 种基金the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910005020)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.KZ202110005009).
文摘High-quality data play a paramount role in monitoring,control,and prediction of wastewater treatment process(WWTP)and can effectively ensure the efficient and stable operation of system.Missing values seriously degrade the accuracy,reliability and completeness of the data quality due to network collapses,connection errors and data transformation failures.In these cases,it is infeasible to recover missing data depending on the correlation with other variables.To tackle this issue,a univariate imputation method(UIM)is proposed for WWTP integrating decomposition method and imputation algorithms.First,the seasonal-trend decomposition based on loess method is utilized to decompose the original time series into the seasonal,trend and remainder components to deal with the nonstationary characteristics of WWTP data.Second,the support vector regression is used to approximate the nonlinearity of the trend and remainder components respectively to provide estimates of its missing values.A self-similarity decomposition is conducted to fill the seasonal component based on its periodic pattern.Third,all the imputed results are merged to obtain the imputation result.Finally,six time series of WWTP are used to evaluate the imputation performance of the proposed UIM by comparing with existing seven methods based on two indicators.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed UIM is effective for WWTP time series under different missing ratios.Therefore,the proposed UIM is a promising method to impute WWTP time series.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078166,22178188)。
文摘For a long time,China's regional water resource imbalance has restricted the development of coal chemical industry,and it is imperative to achieve zero liquid discharge(ZLD).Therefore,the game relationship between technical indicators,costs and emissions in ZLD process of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process should be explored in detail.According to the accurate model,the simulation for ZLD of fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process is established,and this process is assessed from the perspective of thermodynamics,economy,and environment.The total energy consumption of ZLD process before optimization is 4.032×10^(8)W.The results of exergy analysis show exergy destruction of ZLD process is 94.55%.For economic and environmental results,the total annual cost is 1.892×10^(7)USD·a^(-1)and the total environmental impact is 4.782×10^(-8).The total energy consumption of the optimal six-step ZLD process based on multi-objective optimization is 4.028×10^(8)W.The CO_(2)content in the treated wastewater is 0.1%.This study will have an important role in promoting the establishment of the ZLD process for coal chemistry industry.
基金support of the Basic Research Project of Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (202201AS070031)Yunnan Pronince Top young talents of The Ten Thousand Project+4 种基金the central government guides local science and technology development projects (CB22005R006A)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1904204)Kunming Key Laboratory of Special MetallurgyKunming Academician Workstation of Advanced Preparation for Super hard Materials FieldKunming Academician Workstation of Metallurgical Process Intensification。
文摘Arsenic is one of the main harmful elements in industrial wastewater.How to remove arsenic has always been one of the research hotspots in academic circles.In the process of arsenic removal by traditional sulfuration,the use of traditional sulfurizing agent will introduce new metal cations,which will affect the recycling of acid.In this study,phosphorus pentasulfide (P_(2)S_(5)) was used as sulfurizing agent,which hydrolyzed to produce H_(3)PO_(4) and H_(2)S without introducing new metal cations.The effect of ultrasound on arsenic removal by P_(2)S_(5) was studied.Under the action of ultrasound,the utilization of P_(2)S_(5) was improved and the reaction time was shortened.The effects of S/As molar ratio and reaction time on arsenic removal rate were investigated under ultrasonic conditions.Ultrasonic enhanced heat and mass transfer so that the arsenic removal rate of 94.5%could be achieved under the conditions of S/As molar ratio of 2.1:1 and reaction time of 20 min.In the first 60 min,under the same S/As molar ratio and reaction time,the ultrasonic hydrolysis efficiency of P_(2)S_(5) was higher.This is because P_(2)S_(5) forms ([(P_(2)S_(4))])^(2+)under the ultrasonic action,and the structure is damaged,which is easier to be hydrolyzed.In addition,the precipitation after arsenic removal was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Our research avoids the introduction of metal cations in the arsenic removal process,and shortens the reaction time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21677018)the Joint Fund of the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation and Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ201810017024)the Cross-Disciplinary Science Foundation from Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(BIPTCSF–22032205003/014)。
文摘Aniline is a vital industrial raw material.However,highly-toxic aniline wastewater usually deteriorated effluent quality,posed a threat to human health and ecosystem safety.Therefore,this study reported a novel internal circulation iron-carbon micro-electrolysis(ICE)reactor to treat aniline wastewater.The effects of reaction time,pH,aeration rate and iron-carbon(Fe/C)ratio on the removal rate of aniline and the chemical oxygen demand were investigated using single-factor experiments.This process exhibited high aniline degradation performance of approximately 99.86% under optimal operating conditions(reaction time=20 min,pH=3,aeration rate=0.5 m3·h^(-1),and Fe/C=1:2).Based on the experimental results,the response surface method was applied to optimize the aniline removal rate.The Box–Behnken method was used to obtain the interaction effects of three main factors.The result showed that the reaction time had a dominant effect on the removal rate of aniline.The highest aniline removal rate was obtained at pH of 2,aeration rate of 0.5 m^(3)·h^(-1)and reaction time of 30 min.Under optional experimental conditions,the aniline content of effluent was reduced to 3 mg·L^(-1)and the removal rate was as high as 98.24%,within the 95% confidence interval(97.84%-99.32%)of the predicted values.The solution was treated and the reaction intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and ion chromatography.The main intermediates were phenol,benzoquinone,and carboxylic acid.These were used to propose the potential mechanism of aniline degradation in the ICE reactor.The results obtained in this study provide optimized conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing aniline and can strengthen the understanding of the degradation mechanism of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis.
文摘The olive mill waste waters (OMWW) generated from olive oil extraction is a major environmental concern since they are characterized by their role as a pollutant (high organic and mineral matters) and their pH acid. The aim of this study was to valorize (OMWW) by anaerobic fermentation in the presence of cow manure in order to produce biogas and reduce their toxic load. Many tests were carried out by fermenting (OMWW) with polyphenols in the presence of cow manure in thermophile temperatures. The performance of this treatment was valuated through measurements of biogas production and by the determination of different parameters of fermented media (pH, volume of the biogas and polyphenols).
基金supported by the National Key Technolo-gy R&D Program(No.2006BAC06B04,2006BAC02A03)the Key Grant Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.06dz12308).
文摘The high water content of municipal solid waste(MSW)will reduce the effciency of mechanical sorting,consequently unfavorable for beneficial utilization.In this study,a combined hydrolytic-aerobic biodrying technology was introduced to remove water from MSW.The total water removals were proved to depend on the ventilation frequency and the temporal span in the hydrolytic stage. The ventilation frequency of 6 times/d was preferable in the hydrolytic stage.The hydrolytic span should not be prolonged more than ...
基金Sponsored by the Fujian University New Century Excellent Talent Support Plan (No. XSJRC2007-17)
文摘Based on the analysis of adsorptive features of oyster shells,the researches on the treatment of phosphorous wastewater with oyster shells and the effect of temperature on phosphorus removal were carried out.XRD was used to characterize the crystalline phases,and the main component of oyster shells was shown to be CaCO3.When the pretreatment temperature reached 800 ℃,some CaCO3 decomposed into CaO.As the temperature was further raised,CaO increased gradually.Via SEM testing,the oyster shell was a kind of natural porous materials.The pore wall partially collapsed from 550 to 900 ℃.No obvious porous structure was found at 900 ℃.However,without preheating,the oyster shell phosphorous removal material can not adsorb the phosphorus.Pretreatment made calcium activate,thus greatly increasing the absorption of phosphorus.
文摘The emission of microplastics into nature poses a threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Their penetration of the food chain presents a danger to human health as well. Wastewater treatment plants can be seen as the last barrier between microplastics and the environment. This review focuses on the impact of waste treatment plants in retaining microplastics. Studies show that no wastewater treatment method leads to a complete retention of microplastics, and so wastewater treatment plants themselves are viewed as point sources for the discharge of microplastics into the aquatic environment. Problems associated with the utilization of microplastic loaded sewage sludge are also discussed in the review.
文摘Some strains and culture of bacteria which are able to decolorize dyes and degrade polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were isolated and selected. A pilot scale facultative anaerobic-aerobic biological process was applied for treatment of textile wastewater containing dyes and PVA. Activated carbon adsorption was used as a tertiary treatment stage, and residual sludge from clarifier returned to the anaerobic reactor again. The pilot test were carried out with two systems. One was inoculated by acclimated sludge, and the another was adding the mixed culture of dye-decoloring and PVA-degrading bacteria for forming biological films, the latter was observed to be more effective than the former. The test has run normally for ten months with a COD loading of 2.13 kg/m3/day, a BOD5 loading of 0.34 kg/m3/day in anaerobic reactor; a COD loading of 1.71 kg/m3/day, a BOD5 loading 0.44 kg/m3/day in aerobic reactor. The pollutants removal efficiency by adding microbes was about 20% higher than that by acclimated sludge. The average removal efficiency of COD stood about 92%, BOD5 97%, PVA 90% and decolorization 80%. The other parameters of effluent quality are also satisfactory.
文摘Tanneries reusing wastewater by combination of conventional and advanced Reverse Osmosis (RO) treatment technologies were assessed for technical and economic viabilities. Conventional treatment methods such as neutralization, clari-flocculation and biological processes are followed to clean the effluents before feeding to RO membrane modules. The characteristics of untreated composite effluents such as pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total chromium were in the range of 4.00-4.60, 680-3600 mg/L, 1698-7546 mg/L, 980-1480 mg/L, 4200-14500 mg/L, and 26.4-190 mg/L, respectively. Inorganic ions like Ca2+, Na+, Cl– and SO42– were found more in the wastewaters. Conventional treatments significantly removed the organic pollutants however failed to remove dissolved inorganic salts. Membrane technology removed the salts as well as remaining organic pollutants and the product water is reused in the process. The studied tanneries (5 numbers) have achieved 93-98%, 92-99% and 91-96% removal of TDS, sodium and chloride, respectively. Seventy to eighty five percentage of wastewater was recovered and recycled in the industrial processes. The rejects are subject to either solar evaporation system or Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE) technology. The resulting salts are collected in polythene bags and disposed into scientifically managed secured land fill (SLF) site. The cost of wastewater treatment for operation and maintenances of RO including the pre-treatments (conventional methods) is INR 100-110 m-3.
基金Supported by Fujian Science and Technology Administration (2004I003 and 20060037)
文摘In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods. It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L, and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration. It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly, and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization. When the pH value was 11, the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest. For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L, the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in8 h.
文摘In this experiment the performance of UBF process treatment for wastewater chicken manure was tested under the condition of constant temperature of 35℃and the volume of UBF is 4 liters.The experiment covered two stages:the first was start up with phase I and phase II,the second was steady state.The following results average of operation period were obtained:(1)During the period of start up phase I operation the biogas production rate 0.39v/(v.day)at the volumetric COD loading rate of 2.97 kg COD/(m 3.d)with COD removal 76.85%and hydraulic retention time of 10.04 hours and phase II the biogas production rate 3.86 v/(v.day)at the volume loading rate 11.69 kg COD/(m 3.d)have been achieved with COD removal 82.47%and HRT 16.45 hours.UBF process had resistance to the quantitative shock load.(2)During the steady state operation,the biogas production rate 9.83v/(v.day)at loading rate of 28.85 kg COD/(m 3.d)and COD removal efficiency 80.03%and hydraulic retention time of 18.73 hours have been achieved for this reactor.The operation of UBF reactor was very stable.
文摘For sustainable wastewater management in developing countries, the implementation of low\|cost, simple treatment systems should be encouraged. In this study, the performance of three treatment schemes was evaluated. The first step in all schemes was upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The post treatment was either Algal Pond (AP). Lemna Pond (LP) or Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC). The results show that the performance of the UASB was satisfactory. Mean COD and BOD removal values were 78% and 85% respectively. The combination of UASB with an AP achieved significant improvement in the microbiological quality of the effluent. The geometric mean of fecal coliform in the effluent was 1.3×10 3 MPN/100ml. Residual COD was 143 mg O\-2/L. This relatively high value was due to the presence of algae in the AP effluent. The use of the LP as a post treatment achieved better quality effluent. As indicated by the physico\|chemical characteristics. However, fecal coliform removal was less by one log as compared to the AP effluent. When the RBC was used as a second stage. COD and BOD removal rates were 47% and 66% respectively. Also complete nitrification took place. Fecal coliform density declined by 5 logs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775204)
文摘Wet reclamation of waste sodium silicate-bonded sand produces much alkaline sewage and causes pollution. Recycling water glass from wet reclamation sewage of the waste sodium silicate-bonded sand can solve pollution issues and generate economic benefits. In this work, the wet reclamation sewage was filtered, and the filtrate was causticized with a quicklime powder to produce a lye. The effects of causticization temperature, causticization time, and the amount of quicklime powder on the causticization rate were studied. The lye was used to dissolve the silica in the filtration residue to prepare a sodium silicate solution. The effects of the mass of filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time on sodium silicate modulus were studied. Finally, the recycled water glass was obtained by concentrating the sodium silicate solution, and the bonding strength of the recycled water glass was tested. The results showed that the causticization rate could be improved by increasing the amount of quicklime powder, causticization temperature, and causticization time, and the highest causticization rate was above 92%. Amorphous silica in the filtration residue dissolved in the lye. Increasing the amount of the filtration residue, dissolution temperature, and dissolution time could improve the sodium silicate modulus. The bonding strength of the recycled water glass was close to that of commercial water glass. The recycled water glass could be used as a substitute for the commercial water glass.
文摘This study demonstrated the importance, process, activation and applications of Membrane in bioreactor to treat the waste water. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process consists of a biological reactor integrated with membranes that combine clarification and filtration of an activated sludge process into a simplified, single step process. Operating as an MBR allows conventional activated sludge plants to become single step processes, which produce high quality effluent potentially suitable for reuse. Application of MBR technology for industrial wastewater treatment has also gained attention because of the robustness of the process. Theoretically, maintenance of long SRT in MBR is in favor of the retention and development of special microorganisms, which may lead to better removal of refractory organic matter and make the system more robust to load variations and toxic shocks. Literature suggested the conceptual expectation of enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable compounds in MBR does not often come true. Improved biodegradation to certain extent has been reported in a few studies;however the underlying factors leading to such improvement still remains to be elucidated. This is comprehensive review of the studies dealing with recalcitrant industrial wastewater treatment by MBR, and casts light on the strategies to achieve enhanced biodegradation of hardly biodegradable industrial pollutants in MBR.
文摘The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irrigation in India. As a consequence, the use of urban waste water (UWW) for irrigating agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban areas of developing countries. Effective collection and treatment of urban wastewater is a critical problem in a developing country like India. A case study was undertaken to assess the characteristic of the urban waste water and its management in Mysore city and its long-term effect on irrigation. The untreated and treated urban waste water was collected during 2008 and analyzed in the laboratory. The suitability of the UWW for irrigation purposes is then evaluated according to the existing water quality standards and the results were compared with Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) irrigation water quality standards. It is evident from the results, that the current situation is not promising especially regarding the Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids and heavy metal concentrations and also pH of the treated UWW is exceeding the FAO standards. Among the heavy metals, the concentration of Iron and chromium are exceeding the FAO standards.
文摘An effective and economic process for removing arsenic in waste water which is acuminating in the process of etching, cutting and washing in semiconductor industry has been developed in this paper. The proposed technique of arsenic removal is as follows: first pretreatment step is to oxidize arsenite to arsenate by potas-sium permanganate, second key step is precipitation based on arsenic compound solubility with ferric sulfate and slaked lime under pH adjustment, and the last complementary step is followed by the adsorption of the bentonite with enhanced by activated carbon and organic adsorbent. Experimental results show that under the optimal condition the removal efficiency of arsenic in the waste water is better than 99.99%, or the concen-tration of arsenic is from its original 100mg/l reduced to less than 10µg/l accordingly.
文摘An old automotive industrial site located at Mexico City with many years of operation and contaminated with heavy oil hydrocarbons, particularly spent oils, was assessed for restoration using the surfactant enhanced soil washing (SESW) process. The main goal of this study was to characterize the contaminated soil in terms of TPHs, BTEX, PAHs, and metals contents as well as microbiologically (total heterotrophs and specific degrading microorganisms). We also aimed to determine the surfactant type and concentration to be used in the SESW process for the automotive waste oil contaminated soil. At the end, sixteen kg of contaminated soil were washed and the produced wastewater (approximately 40 L) was characterized in terms of COD, BOD;solids, and other physico-chemical parameters. The soil contained about 14,000 mg of TPH/kg soil (heavy fraction), 0.13 mg/kg of benzo (k) fluoranthene and 0.07 mg/kg of benzo (a) pyrene as well as traces of some metals. Metals concentrations were always under the maximum concentration levels suggested by Mexican regulations. 15 different surfactants were used to identify the one with the capability to achieve the highest TPH removal. Surfactants included 5 anionics, 2 zwitterionic, 5 nonionics and 3 natural gums. Sulfopon 30 at a concentration of 0.5% offered the best surfactant performance. The TPH removals employing the different surfactants were in the range from 38% to 68%, in comparison to the soil washing with water (10% of TPH removal). Once the surfactant was selected, 70 kg of soil were washed and the resulting water contained approximately 1300 mg/L of COD, 385 mg/L of BOD (BOD/COD = 0.29), 122 mg/L of MBAS, and 212 mg/L of oil and greases, among other contaminants.
基金supported by grants fromthe Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City,China(201903010031)the Natural Science Foundation Research Team Project of Guangdong Province,China(2016A030312009).
文摘Mixed strains Delftia sp.YH01 and Acidovorax sp.YH02,with capability of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification,were introduced into a two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor to enhance NO3^--N removal.With optimal C/N of 8,efficient NO3^--N removal was achieved at initial NO3^--N concentration of 2000 mg·L−1.Meanwhile,the massive accumulation of NO2^--N was avoided during the long operation.Compared to the one-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor,the removal efficiency of NO3^--N and TN in the two-stage aerobic sequencing batch reactor was increased by 36.5% and 42.7%,which respectively was 93.8% and 88.4%.Microbial community study showed that the mixed strains have the stronger viability and can synergistically denitrify with the indigenous microorganisms in system,such as Azoarcus,Uncultured Saprospiraceae,Thauera,Paracocccus,which could be major contributors for aerobic denitrification.The proposed technology was shown to achieve high-efficiency treatment of high NO3^--N wastewater through aerobic denitrification.