Geological characteristics and models of fault-foldfracture body in deep tight sandstone of the second member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang structural belt of Sichuan Basin,SW China

In the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(2))in the Xinchang area,western Sichuan Basin,only a low percent of reserves has been recovered,and the geological model of gas reservoir sweet spot remains unclear.Based on a large number of core,field outcrop,test and logging-seismic data,the T_(3)x_(2) gas reservoir in the Xinchang area is examined.The concept of fault-fold-fracture body(FFFB)is proposed,and its types are recognized.The main factors controlling fracture development are identified,and the geological models of FFFB are established.FFFB refers to faults,folds and associated fractures reservoirs.According to the characteristics and genesis,FFFBs can be divided into three types:fault-fracture body,fold-fracture body,and fault-fold body.In the hanging wall of the fault,the closer to the fault,the more developed the effective fractures;the greater the fold amplitude and the closer to the fold hinge plane,the more developed the effective fractures.Two types of geological models of FFFB are established:fault-fold fracture,and matrix storage and permeability.The former can be divided into two subtypes:network fracture,and single structural fracture,and the later can be divided into three subtypes:bedding fracture,low permeability pore,and extremely low permeability pore.The process for evaluating favorable FFFB zones was formed to define favorable development targets and support the well deployment for purpose of high production.The study results provide a reference for the exploration and development of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in China.

Formation and destruction processes of upper Sinian oil-gas pools in the Dingshan-Lintanchang structural belt, southeast Sichuan Basin, China

The lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation hydrocarbon source rocks at the Dingshan-Lintanchang structure in the southeast Sichuan Basin were of medium-good quality with two excellent hydrocarbon-generating centers developed in the periphery areas, with a possibility of forming a medium to large-sized oil-gas field. Good reservoir rocks were the upper Sinian (Dengying Formation) dolomites. The mudstone in the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation with a good sealing capacity was the cap rock. The widely occurring bitumen in the Dengying Formation indicates that a paleo oil pool was once formed in the study area. The first stage of paleo oil pool formation was maturation of the lower Cambrian source rocks during the late Ordovician. Hydrocarbon generation from the lower Cambrian source rocks stopped due to the Devonian-Carboniferous uplifting. The lower Cambrian source rocks then restarted generation of large quantities of hydrocarbons after deposition of the middle Permian sediments. This was the second stage of the paleo oil pool formation. The oil in the paleo oil pool began to crack during the late Triassic and a paleo gas pool was formed. This paleo gas pool was destroyed during the Yanshan-Himalayan folding, uplifting and denudation. Bitumen can be widely seen in the Dengying Formation in wells and outcrops in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery areas. This provides strong evidence that the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery areas was once an ultra-large structural-lithologic oil-gas field, which was damaged during the Yanshan-Himalayan period.

Structural geology and favorable exploration prospect belts in northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China

The northwestern Sichuan region has experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution including marine cratonic basin from the Sinian to the Middle Triassic and intra-continental basin from the Late Triassic to the Cenozoic. Several regional tectonic activities caused complicated stratigraphic distribution and structural deformations in the deep-buried layers. During the key tectonic periods, some characteristic sedimentary and deformation structures were formed, including the step-shaped marginal carbonate platform of Dengying Formation, the western paleo-high at the end of Silurian, and the passive continental margin of the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic. The Meso-Cenozoic intra-continental compressional tectonic processes since the Late Triassic controlled the formation of complex thrusting structures surrounding and inside the northwestern basin. The northern Longmenshan fold-thrust belt has a footwall in-situ thrust structure,which is controlled by two sets of detachments in the Lower Triassic and Lower Cambrian and presents as a multi-level deformation structure with the shallow folds, the middle thin-skin thrusts and the deeper basement-involved folds. The thrust belt in front of the Micangshan Mountain shows a double-layer deformation controlled by the Lower Triassic salt detachment, which is composed by the upper monocline and deep-buried imbricate thrust structures. The interior of the basin is characterized by several rows of large-scale basement-involved folds with NEE strike direction. From the perspective of structural geology, the favorable exploration reservoirs and belts in northwestern Sichuan have obvious zoning characteristics. The favorable exploration layers of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian are mainly distributed in the eastern and northern areas of the northwestern Sichuan Basin, in which the Jiulongshan structural belt, Zitong syncline and Yanting slope are the most favorable. The Lower Paleozoic was transformed by Caledonian paleo-uplift and late Cenozoic folding, and the midwest area such as the Zitong syncline is a potential area for hydrocarbon exploration. The favorable part of the Upper Paleozoic is mainly distributed in the northern Longmenshan belt and its frontal area, where the deep-buried thin-skin thrust structures in the footwall are the key exploration targets.

Geological structures and potential petroleum exploration areas in the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt, SW China

Based on the latest geological,seismic,drilling and outcrop data,we studied the geological structure,tectonic evolution history and deformation process of the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt to find out the potential hydrocarbon exploration areas in deep layers.During key tectonic periods,the southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt developed some characteristic strata and structural deformation features,including the Pre-Sinian multi-row N-S strike rifts,step-shaped platform-margin structures of Sinian Dengying Formation,the western paleo-uplift in the early stage of Late Paleozoic,the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic carbonate platform,foreland slope and forebulge during Late Triassic to Cretaceous,and Cenozoic multi-strike rejuvenated fold-thrusting structures.The fold-thrust belt vertically shows a double-layer structural deformation controlled by the salt layer in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and the base detachment layer at present.The upper deformation layer develops the NE-SW strike thrusts propagating toward basin in long distance,while the deeper deformation layer had near north-south strike basement-involved folds,which deformed the detachment and thrusting structures formed earlier in the upper layer,with the deformation strength high in south part and weak in north part.The southern part of the fold-thrust belt is characterized by basement-involved fold-thrusts formed late,while the central-northern part is dominated by thin-skin thrusts in the shallow layer.The Wuzhongshan anticlinal belt near piedmont is characterized by over-thrust structure above the salt detachment,where the upper over-thrusting nappe consists of a complicated fold core and front limb of a fault-bend fold,while the deep layer has stable subtle in-situ structures.Favorable exploration strata and areas have been identified both in the upper and deeper deformation layers separated by regional salt detachment,wherein multiple anticlinal structures are targets for exploration.Other potential exploration strata and areas in southwestern Sichuan fold-thrust belt include the deep Sinian and Permian in the Wuzhongshan structure,pre-Sinian rifting sequences and related structures,platform-margin belt of Sinian Dengying Formation,and Indosinian paleo-uplift in the east of the Longquanshan structure.

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.

Structural analysis of multi-level detachments and identification of deep-seated anticline

Based on forward modeling of detachment fold, this study presents a method to analyze multi-level detachment structures and identify the authenticity of deep-seated anticlines using time-domain seismic section. The steps include the conversion of the time-migrated seismic image into depth domain image using a constant velocity field, structural interpretation of the depth seismic image, measurement of each structural relief area and each height above reference level, plotting of area-height relationship chart with piecewise fitting etc. The area-depth correlation can help the division of structural sequences, the definition of detachment levels, the calculation of the tectonic shortening, and the identification of deep-seated structure. The segment area-height relationship is a feature of multi-level detachment structures, while little or no linear correlation between area and height is an indicator of non-deformation or pseudo-anticline. Regardless of the uncertainty of area-height relationship, the segment slopes will correspond to the differential shortenings of multi-level detachments, the intersection between adjacent segments will give the height of detachment surface above reference level and then help define the detachment level in original time-domain seismic section. This method can make use of time-domain seismic data to determine the geologic structure of complicated structure areas and assess risks of deep exploration targets. It has achieved good results in southern Junggar and eastern Sichuan areas.

川东地区侏罗系大安寨段页岩储层特征及发育控制因素

为探究陆相页岩储层特征及页岩储集空间发育的控制因素,文中以四川盆地东部大安寨段页岩为例,基于页岩岩心的分析化验资料,对页岩储层孔隙发育控制因素进行了研究,明确了优势岩相及甜点储层特征。研究结果表明:1)川东地区大安寨段页岩岩相类型包括硅质页岩、混合质页岩以及黏土质页岩,其中黏土质页岩总有机碳质量分数最高,其次为混合质页岩。2)页岩孔隙类型以片状黏土矿物晶间孔与有机质孔为主,裂缝以页理缝为主。3)页岩储集空间的发育主要受矿物组分、成岩作用以及构造因素的共同控制。4)基于页岩生烃潜力与储集能力,认为混合质页岩为大安寨段的优势页岩岩相。大安寨段页岩甜点储层段主要分布于大二亚段a小层,主要为混合质页岩与介壳灰岩的薄夹层。

川东地区高陡构造带寒武系洗象池群天然气成藏条件

利用岩心、测井与地震资料,采用地震解释、平衡剖面以及包裹体检测等技术,恢复了川东地区高陡构造带的构造演化史,并对平桥、建南、梓里场构造的天然气来源、运聚与保存条件进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)川东地区平桥断背斜圈闭东翼的单条逆断层使得下盘的龙马溪组烃源岩与上盘的洗象池群储层发生了侧向对接,天然气可穿过断裂带向上盘储层运移,具备较好的输导条件,且圈闭盖层未受到断裂作用破坏,保存条件良好,有利于天然气的聚集成藏。(2)建南断背斜圈闭翼部的多条平行的逆断层虽然实现了部分源-储对接,但是多条断层组合降低了其侧向输导能力,天然气未能大规模聚集。(3)梓里场断背斜圈闭的源-储配置与输导条件优良,但盖层的封盖能力较差,大多被断层破坏,钻探显示储层为水层。(4)川东地区高陡构造带寒武系洗象池群天然气聚集成藏的主控因素包括:断层或断层组合控制下的源-储配置、侧向输导条件以及盖层的封盖能力。

塔里木盆地东北缘吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂带构造分析

吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂位于塔里木盆地北缘,南天山山前库车褶皱冲断带的东段,两者均为基底卷入型构造。阳北断裂是一个反转构造,其变形历史可以追溯到侏罗纪—白垩纪的正断层;新生代构造反转,发生了多期冲断变形加速期,分别发生于白垩纪末—古近纪初、古近纪末—新近纪初、中新世早期、上新世和第四纪。吐格尔明背斜构造带是阳北断裂中新世早期及以后的冲断作用派生出来的一个次级基底卷入型构造变形带。它由吐格尔明背斜及其南、北两条呈背冲关系的逆冲断层组成。背斜核部元古宇变质岩出露地表;中、新生界直接不整合于变质岩之上,缺失全部古生界,说明研究区可能属于一个长期存在的古生代古隆起。

层间逆冲叠瓦构造-前陆冲断带大气区控藏模式

为了揭示中国中西部盆地前陆冲断带大气藏(大气区)的控藏模式,综合运用地质、地震、钻井及测井等资料,精细断裂解释,研究构造样式,分析成藏条件,特别是通过解剖塔里木盆地库车、准噶尔盆地准南和四川盆地西缘前陆冲断带已发现的大气藏,构建了前陆冲断带大气区控藏模式,并取得以下认识:(1)根据逆冲断裂发育的几何性质、与盖层和烃源岩的关系,特别是对圈闭以及成藏的控制,将前陆冲断带逆冲构造分为层间逆冲、上下穿透型逆冲、上穿透型逆冲、下穿透型逆冲4种构造样式。(2)层间逆冲构造是控制形成大气藏的主要构造样式。层间逆冲断层向下断至烃源岩,在烃源岩内逆掩形成天然缝网系统,构成优势运移通道,向上断至盖层而未断穿,即沟通油气源又未破坏圈闭的有效性,最有利于形成大气藏。(3)前陆冲断带往往发育成排成带层间逆冲断层相关背斜,具有相同的构造样式和成藏条件,从而形成连片分布的大气区。(4)大气藏(大气区)主要分布在前渊地区。

川东高陡构造带震旦系灯影组丘滩相气藏预测

在川东高陡构造带内,构造复杂、地震资料差,寻找震旦系灯影组油气富集带具有重大挑战。为此,运用构造形迹分析构造期次,环状构造结合地震相特征预测藻丘滩;丘滩相特征结合构造形迹期次分析WT1井失利原因;综合丘滩相与构造的叠合关系以预测开江地区灯影组油气富集带。结果表明:①开江地区的NE构造主体为川东高陡构造带在燕山中晚期挤压形成,喜山期强烈改造定型。②EW向低幅度构造为大巴山于晚燕山期弱挤压形成。③SN向构造形成于喜马拉雅晚期,动力来自龙门山南段挤压。④燕山中晚期的NE构造与裂解气富集晚期匹配。发育大量的环状构造,为藻丘滩刚性地质体形成,为古岩性圈闭,与原油成藏期匹配。⑤环状构造+NE向构造是油气富集带。综合构造形迹与地震相预测了多个油气目标:七里南背斜内的七3环是最有利目标,藻丘滩地震相最为明显,且叠加NE向构造;铁1环是现实的目标;里1环是潜在的目标区。环状构造在开江地区大量存在,具有较好的油气勘探远景。

四川盆地新场构造带深层须二段致密砂岩断褶裂缝体特征和地质模式

针对四川盆地川西坳陷新场构造带上三叠统须家河组二段(简称须二段)储量动用率低、气藏甜点地质模式认识不清的问题,基于大量岩心、野外露头、分析化验和井震资料,精细解剖新场构造带须二段气藏,提出断褶裂缝体概念并划分其类型,分析裂缝发育主控因素,建立断褶裂缝体地质模式。研究表明:(1)断褶裂缝体是指断裂、褶皱及其伴生的裂缝储集体;(2)根据裂缝体特征及成因,可进一步划分为断缝体、褶缝体和断褶体3种类型;(3)断裂上盘、越靠近断裂有效裂缝越发育,褶皱褶曲幅度越大、越靠近褶皱枢纽面有效裂缝越发育;(4)建立2类5型断褶裂缝体地质模式,分别为断褶裂缝类和基质储渗类,前者可分为网状缝型和单构造缝型,后者可分为层理缝型、低渗孔隙型和极低渗孔隙型。此外,建立断褶裂缝体有利区优选流程,提出有利开发目标,支撑井位部署获得高产,并可以为中国深层致密砂岩油气藏勘探开发提供借鉴。

川东地区五峰—龙马溪组超深层页岩孔隙结构特征及主控因素

利用低压CO 2和N 2吸附实验,研究川东地区五峰—龙马溪组超深层页岩的孔隙结构特征及主控因素,对比周缘地区五峰—龙马溪组中浅层和深层页岩样品,分析压实作用对页岩孔隙结构特征的影响。结果表明:川东地区五峰—龙马溪组超深层页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔为主,孔隙形态主要为墨水瓶孔(细颈和广体孔),介孔和微孔约占总孔体积的90%。其中,微孔孔径峰值分布于0.35、0.50和0.79 nm,非微孔孔径主要分布于2.00~10.00 nm。超深层页岩孔隙结构受控于总有机碳质量分数,石英对孔隙的形成与保存也有一定控制作用,黏土矿物的自身强延展性易受压实作用影响,不利于颗粒间孔隙的发育与保存。相较于中浅层和深层页岩,超深层页岩的介孔/微孔体积比明显较低,压实作用影响超深层页岩的孔隙结构特征,使介孔和较大微孔受较强压实作用影响而演化为孔径更小的微孔,导致超深层页岩孔径缩小。该结果为四川盆地超深层页岩气勘探与开发提供指导。

川南长宁地区构造变形特征及演化过程

通过对川南长宁区块进行详细的三维地震解释以及对五峰组-龙马溪组底界地震构造解析,明确其构造样式,探讨其演化过程,为长宁区块页岩气构造保存的研究提供参考。长宁区块构造受双滑脱层控制,主滑脱层是基底薄弱层和中寒武统膏岩层,次滑脱层为筇竹寺组泥页岩,属厚皮构造;区块内挤压冲断构造较挤压褶皱更为强烈,冲断构造主要为逆冲断层、背冲断层、叠瓦状以及滑脱断层。燕山期以来,长宁地区至少经历了四期五幕构造变形,第一期为NW-SE向和SW-NE向联合挤压递进扩展,形成长宁背斜NW向主体构造;第二期为近S-N向挤压,可能与大娄山褶皱带向北递进扩展有关,形成近E-W向构造(长垣坝构造带、纳溪构造带等);第三期为SW-NE向挤压,与印度板块持续向北推进有关,长宁背斜NW-NWW向构造得到进一步加强;第四期为NW-SE向和近E-W向挤压,可能与始新世太平洋板块向西俯冲和青藏高原向东扩展有关,同时受南川-遵义断裂和华蓥山断裂控制,形成NE向以及N-S向构造,叠加于早期构造之上。

青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的壳幔导电性结构研究

自从2008年MS8.0级汶川大地震发生以来,青藏高原东缘便成为地质与地球物理研究的热点区域.该区域的龙门山断裂带标志着青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的边界.汶川地震即发生于龙门山断裂带内的映秀—北川断裂上.该地区现有的研究工作多集中于青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的西部,对四川盆地东部构造情况的研究目前较少.在SinoProbe项目的资助下,完成了一条跨越青藏高原东缘及整个四川盆地的大地电磁测深剖面.该剖面自西北始于青藏高原内部的松潘—甘孜地块,向东南延伸穿过龙门山断裂带、四川盆地内部及四川盆地东部的华蓥山断裂,最终止于重庆东南的川东滑脱褶皱带附近.维性分析表明剖面数据整体二维性较好,通过二维反演得到了最终的电性结构模型.该模型表明,从电性结构上看,沿剖面可分为三个主要的电性结构单元,分别为:浅部高阻、中下地壳低阻的松潘—甘孜地块,浅部低阻、中下地壳相对高阻的四川盆地,以及华蓥山以东整体为高阻特征的扬子克拉通地块.龙门山断裂带在电性结构上表现为倾角较缓、北西倾向的逆冲低阻体,反映了青藏高原东缘相对四川盆地的推覆作用.其在地下向青藏高原内部延伸,深度约为20km左右.在标志逆冲推覆滑脱面的低阻层下存在一电性梯度带,表征着低阻的青藏高原中下地壳与高阻的扬子地壳之间的电性转换.位于四川盆地东边界的华蓥山断裂在电性结构上表现为一倾向为南东向的低阻体插入高阻的扬子克拉通结晶基底,切割深度约为30km左右.这一结构反映出华蓥山向西的推覆作用.在电性结构模型的基础上,进一步讨论了青藏高原东缘的壳内物质流、青藏块体与扬子块体的深部关系以及青藏高原东部的隆升机制等构造问题.

青藏高原东缘龙门山逆冲构造深部电性结构特征

通过对汶川地震前观测的碌曲—若尔盖—北川—中江大地电磁剖面的数据处理和反演解释,揭示了沿剖面的松潘—甘孜地块、川西前陆盆地、龙门山构造带及秦岭构造带50 km深度的电性结构特征及相互关系,表明青藏高原东缘向东挤压,迫使向东流动的地壳物质沿高原东缘堆积,并向扬子陆块逆冲推覆.龙门山恰好位于松潘—甘孜地块与扬子陆块对挤部位,主要受松潘—甘孜地块壳内高导层滑脱和四川盆地基底高阻体阻挡的约束,地壳深部存在着西倾且连续展布的壳内低阻层,表明龙门山深部确实存在着逆冲推覆构造,其逆冲断裂系中的三条断裂不仅以不同的倾角向西北倾斜,并且向深部逐渐汇集,但茂县—汶川断裂可能在深部与北川—映秀断裂是分离的.龙门山两翼的四川盆地和松潘甘孜褶皱带的电性结构既具有明显差异性,又具有一定的相关性.四川盆地显示巨厚的低阻沉积盖层和连续稳定的高阻基底的二元电性结构,而松潘—甘孜地块则表现为反向二元结构,即上部大套高阻褶皱带,下部整体为低阻的变化带,龙门山逆冲构造带本身又表现为松潘地块逆冲上覆在四川盆地之上,构成上部高阻褶皱带、中部低阻逆冲断裂带和底部盆地高阻基底的三层电性结构.对比龙门山逆冲构造断裂带的西倾延伸上下盘两侧的两个反对称的二元电性结构,松潘区块深部推断的结晶基底与龙门山断裂带下盘推断的下伏盆地结晶基底又存在某种内在对应关系,推断可能存在一个西延至若尔盖地块的泛扬子陆块.因此,龙门山构造带地壳电性结构研究对于揭示青藏高原东缘陆内造山动力过程,探索汶川大地震的深部生成机理都具有重要意义.

川东高陡构造薄层碳酸盐岩裂缝性储集层预测

以四川盆地东部大池干井构造带三叠系嘉陵江组二段一亚段(T1j21)裂缝性储集层为例,从构造曲率角度出发,预测高陡构造地区薄层碳酸盐岩裂缝性储集层分布区。采用趋势面拟合法和差分法计算面曲率,用三点圆弧法及曲线拟合法计算线曲率,在此基础上,将4种数学方法计算得到的曲率值进行归一化处理,得到各方法的相对曲率值并取其最大值(即综合曲率)进行裂缝分布预测,即综合曲率法,以克服单一曲率计算方法预测的不足。通过与油气显示、气井产能测试等资料对比分析,认为用综合曲率法预测裂缝效果优于单一曲率方法,综合曲率值与区内气井产能的相关系数最大,说明综合曲率法提高了曲率法预测裂缝的准确程度,能更好地预测地下构造裂缝的分布范围。

川西南冲断带深层地质构造与潜在油气勘探领域

应用地质、地震及钻井等资料,对川西南冲断带深层地质结构、构造演化和变形过程进行系统研究,探讨四川盆地西南(简称川西南)地区深层潜在的油气勘探领域。川西南冲断带在关键地质历史时期发育特征性的地层分布及构造变形结构,主要包括前震旦纪多个近南北向的裂谷构造、震旦系灯影组阶梯状台地-台缘构造、晚古生代早期的西部古隆起、晚古生代—中三叠世碳酸盐台地、晚三叠世至白垩纪的前陆斜坡和前缘隆起构造以及新生代多期多向再生前陆冲断构造等。现今川西南冲断带整体上表现为受中三叠统雷口坡组内盐层和基底拆离层控制的双层冲断变形几何学结构,浅变形层发育构造位移远距离传播的北东—南西走向的滑脱冲断构造;而深变形层则发育基底卷入的近南北走向的基底褶皱,并改造了上部早期形成的滑脱冲断构造,改造强度南强北弱。川西南冲断带南部地区以晚期基底冲断褶皱构造为特征,而中—北部地区则以浅层滑脱冲断为主。靠近山前的雾中山构造带呈现滑脱推覆结构特征,上盘推覆构造为复杂化的断层转折褶皱核部和前翼,深层则发育稳定的隐伏原地构造。从构造变形结构分析,区域盐滑脱层上、下的构造变形层中都发育了有利的勘探层系和区带,各变形层中多排显性背斜构造带是重点领域。而雾中山构造带深层原地隐伏的震旦系和二叠系、深层隐伏的前震旦纪裂谷层序及相关构造、震旦系灯影组台地-台缘带以及龙泉山构造东侧的印支期古隆起等是川西南冲断带潜在油气勘探领域。

川东石炭系天然气成藏地质条件再认识及其勘探潜力预测

四川盆地东部石炭系是盆地内天然气的主要高效产层,随着构造圈闭落实的难度增大,勘探方向的选择成为其发展的新问题。为此,开展了以岩性地层气藏为目标的新一轮地层、沉积微相、储层、烃源岩、构造、成藏与圈闭等方面的研究。分析认为:川东石炭系气源充足,白云岩储层广泛发育,并具有明显的非均质性与不连续性特征。这种非均质性与不连续性不仅是白云化、沉积微相、成岩溶蚀与构造作用共同作用的结果,而且也是构造?地层复合圈闭及岩性圈闭发育的重要条件。因此,川东石炭系不仅还存在构造圈闭勘探的新区带,而且还存在构造—地层复合圈闭、岩性圈闭等有利勘探目标。其中构造气藏产量高而稳定,产能建设见效快,仍是近期勘探增储上产的主要气藏类型;构造—地层复合圈闭是近期勘探的主要新类型,一定坡度的构造围斜区是有利于天然气勘探的新方向;岩性体多发育于致密区,虽然单个规模小,但可以叠置广泛发育,是老区滚动勘探与挖潜的重要新类型。

四川盆地东北部前陆褶皱-冲断带盐相关构造

以中、下三叠统嘉陵江组(T1j)和雷口坡组(T2l)含膏盐碳酸盐岩层系为界,可以将川东北地区划分为3个构造-层序组合,盐下构造-层序组合由震旦系-下三叠统飞仙关组组成,属于一套海相碳酸盐岩层系为主的沉积;盐层构造-层序组合由下三叠统嘉陵江组和中三叠统雷口坡组组成,属于一套含厚层膏盐的海相碳酸盐岩层系;盐上构造-层序组合由上三叠统须家河组和侏罗系、白垩系组成,属于一套陆相碎屑岩沉积。川东北地区发育了一套独特的构造变形样式,主要有基底卷入叠瓦冲断强变形带、基底卷入与盐层滑脱叠合变形带、隐伏盐相关构造滑脱变形带、双重构造、堆垛式三角带构造和背冲断块构造等。由于该区盐岩层厚度相对较薄,盐岩层系总体作为一个大型滑脱层系,控制川东北地区的构造变形。川东北地区主要构造变形机制包括区域挤压缩短作用、盐岩层塑性流动和滑脱作用、构造隆升和剥蚀作用、重力滑动和重力扩展作用等。川东北地区与三叠系盐岩层系有关的构造变形控制该区油气圈闭样式,有利于油气聚集和保存。