Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Rural sustainable development:A case study of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China

Sustainable development is the central theme of modern global development.With the arrival of the urban era,the vulnerability and instability of rural areas have significantly increased,and rural sustainable development faces serious challenges.To address these issues,the study took the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone in China under the National Sustainable Development Agenda as a case,combined with economic,social and land use data during 2016-2020,and applied Granger causality test method to explore the theoretical and practical pathways of“innovation-driven rural sustainable development”.The results showed that rural sustainable development and economic sustainability displayed a trend of synergistic change,with“explosive”growth from 2018 to 2020.The social sustainability steadily increased from 2016 to 2020.Ecological and spatial sustainability continuously declined during the study period.Moreover,the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone displayed rapid growth during 2016-2020.Although the rural innovation capacity of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone has rapidly improved,it has a weak driving effect on rural sustainable development and economic sustainability.There are two primary challenges that must be overcome to ensure the rural sustainable development of the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone.The first challenge is the imbalance among the multi-dimensional relationships in the process of rural sustainable development,and the second challenge is the weakening of rural innovation capacity to drive rural sustainable development.To overcome these challenges,this study proposed a systematic pathway for rural sustainable development in the Zaozhuang Innovation Demonstration Zone from multidimensions,such as policy actions,technologies,projects,and institutional guarantees,and formed a universal and representative“Zaozhuang model”.This study expands the theoretical foundation of rural sustainable development and provides theoretical and practical support for innovation-driven rural sustainable development.

Investment Promotion for Development Zones in China:Underlying Rationale and Policy Options

Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

GIS-based Ecological Suitability Assessment for Land Use——A Case Study of an Economic Development Zone in Shenyang

Analysis indices of ecological suitability were selected through literature reviewing and expert consultation. Visualization of assessment course was achieved based on different land use functions with the help of ArcGIS9.0 and GIS layers with different properties were overlapped and computed with GIS grids. Hence, the areas were colored and reclassified（colors representing different ecological suitability degrees）. Finally, land use functions can be readjusted by the evaluation results,providing references for rational planning of economic development zones.

Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.

UNITED INTERNATIONAL CENTRAL CITY: A NEW SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.

Applicability and Prospect of China's Development Zone Model in Africa

Development zones have been an important spatial approach to opening-up. They have also been major contributors to the processes of promoting economic development since China＇s reform and China＇s industrialization and urbanization. Along with im- provements in the worldwide industrial division of labor and the gradual implementation of China＇s development zones＇ Go Global strategy, it is necessary for Africa, a hot spot of global industrialization in recent years, to learn from China＇s development zone model. By attracting China＇s capital, technology and enterprises to Africa via Sino-African co-built development zones, a pattern of high com- plementarity and mutual development between China and Africa can be formed which does favor further improvement of the global industrial division of labor. In order to study the applicability and prospect of China＇s development zone model in Africa as per the above-mentioned international situation, this paper first sorts out the development course of China＇s development zones and discusses their roles in China＇s industrialization and urbanization. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the status quo of industrial development in Africa as a whole and the differences in industrial development between China and Africa, aiming to justify the timing of industrial transfer from China to Africa by constructing Sino-African co-built development zones. Lastly, this paper analyzes the current situation of six Sino-African co-built development zones by focusing on their operation modes, industry types and investment promotion models. In the authors＇ view, Sino-African co-built development zones can function as a new window of China-African cooperation, a new car- rier of African industrialization, and a new engine of global industrial restructuring. China should adhere to the general principles of ＇Sino-African Integration, Multi-Cooperation, Mutual Benefit, Scientific Location, Systematic Planning, Cluster Growth and Open De- velopment＇ in the planning and construction of development zones in Africa, effectively promoting Africa as the very important part of the global industry system.

Modeling and Software Development of the Interfacial Transition Zone of Ellipsoidal Aggregate in Cement-Based Composites

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregates and the bulk paste is the weakest zone of ordinary concrete, which largely determines its mechanical and transporting properties. However, a complete understanding and a quantitative modeling of ITZ are still lacking. Consequently, an integrated modeling and experimental study were conducted. First, the theoretical calculation model of the ITZ volume fraction about the rotary ellipsoidal aggregate particles was established based on the nearest surface function formula. Its calculation programs were written based on Visual Basic 6.0 language and achieved visualization and functionalization. Then, the influencing factors of ITZ volume fraction of the ellipsoidal aggregate particles and the overlapping degree between the ITZ were systematically analyzed. Finally, the calculation models of ITZ volume fraction on actual ellipsoidal aggregate were given, based on cobblestones or pebbles particles with naturally ellipsoidal shape. The results indicate that the calculation model proposed is highly reliable.

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Constructing demonstration zones to promote the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals

After the United Nations Agenda 2030 was officially launched in September 2015,governments around the world have taken actions to implement the ambitious plan.This paper summarizes the actions and policies taken in China for promoting the implementation of the UN’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,with emphasis on promoting the development of demonstration zones for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The Chinese government has taken two types of measures.One is to formulate a series of national plans and strategies and the other is to construct pilot and demonstration zones.Two approaches were presented to optimize the selection criteria for demonstration zones:a problem-based approach;and a major function-based approach.Both provided priority regions and major themes for selection and construction of demonstration zones.Suggestions for promoting the development of demonstration zones include:(1)building a monitoring system for the implementation of SDGs in each demonstration zone and establishing an open online platform to track the progress;(2)forming an effective stakeholder participation mechanism.The experiences in constructing innovation-driven demonstration zones are insightful for other countries to take practical actions in the delivery of SDGs.

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Green Development Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Restricted Development Zones:A Case Study of Jilin Province,China

Green development is an important issue of sustainable development in China.Due to the relatively backward economy and the fragile ecological environment,restricted development zones need to embrace green development.Taking 38 counties in Jilin Province as the empirical research objects,and based on cross-sectional data for each county in 2005,2010,and 2015,we accurately depicted the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of green development efficiency(GDE)in restricted development zones of Jilin Province using the slacks-based measure-data envelope analysis(SBM-DEA)model.Moreover,the factors that influence GDE were further analyzed using the Tobit model.We found that:first,GDE showed a V-shaped trend in restricted development zones of Jilin Province.The differences in GDE in the eastern,central,and western Jilin Province increased gradually.Second,76%of counties in the restricted development zones had high or higher efficiencies.The resource-based cities were the main areas with low or lower GDE.Third,the economic development level was the core factor affecting GDE.Urbanization level had a significant negative effect on GDE in the restricted development zones.The effect of technological innovation level on GDE fluctuated,and we found that a‘backward mechanism’of technological innovation was beginning to form.Industrial structure and environmental governance had no significant effects on GDE.

Water environmental planning for new zone of economic-technological development in China

This paper analyzes the characteristics of water environmental planning in New Zone for EconomicTechnological Development (NZETD) in China and presents the task, procedure and method of the planning study Based on these analyses, the concept of Water Environmental Support Capacity (WESC) is put forward and the corresponding quantitative method is proposed to achieve the objective of coordinating the relationship between water environment and economic development As a case study, a comprehensive analysis and integrated water pollution control planning are made for the New Zone of EconomicTechnological Development in Benxi City in China Based on the costbenefit analysis and feasibility study of the planning alternatives, the comprehensive indexes of WESC are calculated and applied to evaluate the water pollution control planning alternatives

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

Problems of Land Use and Management in Development Zones and Enlightenment to Implementation of "Construction up to the Mountains" Strategy in Yunnan

ln the research, problems of land use and management in development zone were concluded, and analysis was made on the causes in order to draw lessons from land use and management in development zones. Furthermore, enlight-enment to implementation of ＂construction up to the mountains＂ strategy in the ar-eas similar to Yunnan was explored, which provides references for developing of＂construction up to the mountains＂ strategy and protecting of highly-qualified cultivat-ed lands in dam regions.

Evaluation of the Economical and Intensive Use of Industrial Land in Chizhou Economic and Technological Development Zone

Based on the subdivision of industrial land in Chizhou Economic and Technological Development Zone,this paper builds the evaluation indicator system for the economical and intensive use of industrial land in the development zone,to analyze the current situation of economical and intensive use of industrial land. The results show that the levels of economical and intensive use of industrial land vary in the development zone; the factors affecting the intensive degree of various industries also vary; the industry in Chizhou Economic and Technological Development Zone is still in the transition phase from inefficient use to low level of use to intensive use.