The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

建筑园区规划与建筑设计分析

文章以宝鸡市港务区智慧仓储作业区为研究对象,从关联发展、创新驱动、生命周期等方面介绍了建筑园区规划的原则;从产业节能、环保产业和资源循环利用分析了建筑园区的规划内容;从室内环境设计、居住套型设计和公共建筑设计阐述了建筑园区建筑设计理念,旨在为相关领域的实践和同类工程项目的顺利开展提供理论支撑和有益参考。

西北台塬人居环境城乡统筹空间规划研究--以宝鸡市高新区为例

基于人居环境科学理论背景,聚焦陕西省宝鸡市高新区城乡统筹发展示范区主要问题,介绍了"明确规划时序、重塑空间结构、界定编制层级"的时空统筹战略;阐述"经济—生态—社会"三位一体下的城乡统筹空间规划模式理论研究;并进一步探索人居环境科学实践论指导下的农村社区空间统筹模块化设计方法。

县域尺度下的宝鸡市农业洪水灾害脆弱性评价及区划

为探究农业洪水灾害发生机理和降低洪水灾害对农业生产的不利影响,以宝鸡市为例,利用辖区内2014年降水数据与2015年社会经济统计资料,依据自然灾害脆弱性理论,从易损性和适应性2个因子着手,选取了年降水量等12个分指标,构建了宝鸡市农业洪水灾害脆弱性评价指标体系,运用均方差赋权法确定权重,利用ArcGIS 10.2技术以县域尺度视角对研究区农业洪水灾害脆弱性进行了综合评价与区划。结果表明:(1)高易损性区主要集中在岐山县、金台区等年降水量较高且耕地比重较大的区县。(2)高适应性区主要包括渭滨区、金台区等经济发达地区。(3)高脆弱性区为太白县、千阳县;较高脆弱性区为陇县、麟游县、岐山县、扶风县;中等脆弱性区为陈仓区、凤翔县;低脆弱性区为金台区、渭滨区、眉县、凤县。整体来看,宝鸡市农业水灾高脆弱区集中分布在辖区东北部,宝鸡市政府及有关部门应加强水灾风险研究,根据各区县的地理环境特征和经济发展水平来因地制宜调整土地利用结构和农业种植结构,重视防洪工程建设,降低农业水灾脆弱性以减轻农业洪水灾损。

宝鸡市高新区PM_(10)中重金属元素的浓度水平及风险评价

目的研究宝鸡市高新区大气PM10中金属元素的浓度变化规律,为其防控提供参考依据。方法使用智能中流量采样器在宝鸡文理学院高新校区于2013年9月至2014年2月进行采样。结果结果分析表明:宝鸡市高新区PM10中4种重金属含量Fe>Zn>Pb>Mn,Fe含量明显高于其他3种重金属;Pb的季平均值分别为0.277μg/m3和0.467μg/m3,未超出《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)规定标准值(1.0μg/m3),其浓度变化受季节因素的影响较为明显,冬季略高于秋季;而Fe和Zn浓度变化较为平稳,Mn无明显变化。使用潜在生态风险指数法对PM10中的3种重金属进行生态风险评价,按照危害排序从高到低依次为Pb>Zn>Mn。结论宝鸡市高新区大气中PM10污染不容忽视,其Pb,Zn和Mn的污染值得更深入的研究。

关中—天水经济区建设背景下宝鸡旅游业发展的思考

关天经济区建设背景下宝鸡旅游业的发展应准确定位于自身在关天经济区发展中的交通优势、地理优势、生态优势,依托关天经济区建设的有利政策和发展机遇,优化自身旅游资源结构,丰富旅游产业的发展模式,增强旅游品牌的影响力和知名度,创新性地开展具有地域特色的旅游产品,整体上提升宝鸡旅游业的综合竞争力。

基于多参数组合分析海原—六盘山—宝鸡断裂带地震危险性

1 研究背景近年来,易桂喜等(2006,2007)、武敏捷等(2013)利用以b值为主的地震活动性参数空间分布,结合历史及现今地震活动背景,分析活动断裂带现今活动习性,综合判断处于相对高应力和闭锁状态下活动断裂带的强震危险性。这种组合分析方法比单个活动性参数值能更好地反映断裂现今活动习性,且对地震样本需求不高,适用于地震监测能力一般、地震活动性中等地区的地震危险性判定。

“关中—天水经济区开发”背景下的宝鸡经济发展战略

2009年6月国家颁布实施的《关中—天水经济区发展规划》把宝鸡定位为"副中心城市",按照规划,宝鸡要实现率先发展,并带动整个关天经济区的全面发展。宝鸡必须确立明确的经济发展战略目标,理清经济发展思路,强化发展措施的制定和实施,方能实现宝鸡经济的率先发展,进而成为带动区域经济乃至西部地区经济发展的重要战略高地。

宝鸡市冰雹灾害风险区划研究

采用宝鸡12个县区1961—2016年的降雹资料、防雹炮点分布和耕地防护资料,结合宝鸡市DEM高程、地貌类型、土地利用分布等地理信息基础数据;人口密度、经济密度、各县市农业人口占比、耕地面积占比、农业生产总值占比、人均GDP等社会经济资料;选取致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露度和承灾体脆弱性3个评价因子,利用ArcGIS的空间栅格计算、自然间断分类和图斑合并等功能进行宝鸡市冰雹灾害风险区划研究。结果表明:宝鸡市冰雹灾害风险以中、高度风险区为主,多出现在北部低山区和台塬区,其中陇县雹灾风险指数最大,城市中心区以及南部高山区以低风险区为主。