基于PMOS器件的低压驱动电路仿真及设计

本文以PMOS为核心器件,搭配不同的分立器件组合成三种不同的高边开关基本拓扑机构,经仿真分析和试验验证,功能和性能指标基本吻合,满足低压负载的驱动需求。这三种驱动电路可作为“最小硬件单元”,搭配其他功能电路如过载保护、电流反馈等,可增强驱动电路的鲁棒性。

Unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase formed with fluorinated ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.

Electric field and force characteristic of dust aerosol particles on the surface of high-voltage transmission line

High-voltage transmission lines play a crucial role in facilitating the utilization of renewable energy in regions prone to desertification. The accumulation of atmospheric particles on the surface of these lines can significantly impact corona discharge and wind-induced conductor displacement. Accurately quantifying the force exerted by particles adhering to conductor surfaces is essential for evaluating fouling conditions and making informed decisions. Therefore, this study investigates the changes in electric field intensity along branched conductors caused by various fouling layers and their resulting influence on the adhesion of dust particles. The findings indicate that as individual particle size increases, the field strength at the top of the particle gradually decreases and eventually stabilizes at approximately 49.22 k V/cm, which corresponds to a field strength approximately 1.96 times higher than that of an unpolluted transmission line. Furthermore,when particle spacing exceeds 15 times the particle size, the field strength around the transmission line gradually decreases and approaches the level observed on non-adhering surface. The electric field remains relatively stable. In a triangular arrangement of three particles, the maximum field strength at the tip of the fouling layer is approximately 1.44 times higher than that of double particles and 1.5 times higher compared to single particles. These results suggest that particles adhering to the transmission line have a greater affinity for adsorbing charged particles. Additionally, relevant numerical calculations demonstrate that in dry environments, the primary adhesion forces between particles and transmission lines follow an order of electrostatic force and van der Waals force. Specifically, at the minimum field strength, these forces are approximately74.73 times and 19.43 times stronger than the gravitational force acting on the particles.

Degradation analysis and doping modification optimization for high-voltage P-type layered cathode in sodium-ion batteries

Advancing high-voltage stability of layered sodium-ion oxides represents a pivotal avenue for their progress in energy storage applications.Despite this,a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underpinning their structural deterioration at elevated voltages remains insufficiently explored.In this study,we unveil a layer delamination phenomenon of Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NNM)within the 2.0-4.3 V voltage,attributed to considerable volumetric fluctuations along the c-axis and lattice oxygen reactions induced by the simultaneous Ni^(3+)/Ni^(4+)and anion redox reactions.By introducing Mg doping to diminished Ni-O antibonding,the anion oxidation-reduction reactions are effectively mitigated,and the structural integrity of the P2 phase remains firmly intact,safeguarding active sites and precluding the formation of novel interfaces.The Na_(0.67)Mg_(0.05)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NMNM-5)exhibits a specific capacity of100.7 mA h g^(-1),signifying an 83%improvement compared to the NNM material within the voltage of2.0-4.3 V.This investigation underscores the intricate interplay between high-voltage stability and structural degradation mechanisms in layered sodium-ion oxides.

How do high-voltage cathode and PEO electrolyte get along well?EIS analysis mechanism&potentiometric control strategy

PEO-based all-solid-state electrolytes are extensively utilized and researched owing to their exceptional safety,low-mass-density,and cost-effectiveness.However,the low oxidation potential of PEO makes the interface problem with the high-voltage cathode extremely severe.In this work,the impedance of PEO-based all-solid-state batteries with high-voltage cathode(NCM811)was studied at different potentials.The Nyquist plots displayed a gyrate arc at low-frequencies for NCM811/PEO interface.Based on the kinetic modeling,it was deduced that there is a decomposition reaction of PEO-matrix in addition to de-embedded reaction of NCM811,and the PEO intermediate product(dehydra-PEO)adsorbed on the electrode surface leading to low-frequency inductive arcs.Furthermore,the distribution of relaxation time shows the dehydra-PEO results in the kinetic tardiness of the charge transfer process in the temporal dimension.Hence,an artificial interface layer(CEI_(x))was modified on the surface of NCM811 to regulate the potential of cathode/electrolyte interface to prevent the high-voltage deterioration of PEO.NCM/CEI_(x)/PEO batteries exhibit capacity retentions of 96.0%,84.6%,and 76.8%after undergoing 100 cycles at cut-off voltages of 4.1,4.2,and 4.3 V,respectively.Therefore,here the failure mechanism of high-voltage PEO electrolyte is investigated by EIS and a proposed solving strategy is presented.

Understanding the failure mechanism towards developing high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathodes

Benefited from its high process feasibility and controllable costs,binary-metal layered structured LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NM)can effectively alleviate the cobalt supply crisis under the surge of global electric vehicles(EVs)sales,which is considered as the most promising nextgeneration cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the lack of deep understanding on the failure mechanism of NM has seriously hindered its application,especially under the harsh condition of high-voltage without sacrifices of reversible capacity.Herein,singlecrystal LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) is selected and compared with traditional LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM),mainly focusing on the failure mechanism of Cofree cathode and illuminating the significant effect of Co element on the Li/Ni antisite defect and dynamic characteristic.Specifically,the presence of high Li/Ni antisite defect in NM cathode easily results in the extremely dramatic H2/H3 phase transition,which exacerbates the distortion of the lattice,mechanical strain changes and exhibits poor electrochemical performance,especially under the high cutoff voltage.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic of NM is impaired due to the absence of Co element,especially at the single-crystal architecture.Whereas,the negative influence of Li/Ni antisite defect is controllable at low current densities,owing to the attenuated polarization.Notably,Co-free NM can exhibit better safety performance than that of NCM cathode.These findings are beneficial for understanding the fundamental reaction mechanism of single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathode materials,providing new insights and great encouragements to design and develop the next generation of LIBs with low-cost and high-safety performances.

High-Voltage and Fast-Charging Lithium Cobalt Oxide Cathodes: From Key Challenges and Strategies to Future Perspectives

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with the“double-high”characteristics of high energy density and high power density are in urgent demand for facilitating the development of advanced portable electronics.However,the lithium ion(Li+)-storage performance of the most commercialized lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO_(2),LCO)cathodes is still far from satisfactory in terms of high-voltage and fast-charging capabilities for reaching the double-high target.Herein,we systematically summarize and discuss high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes,covering in depth the key fundamental challenges,latest advancements in modification strategies,and future perspectives in this field.Comprehensive and elaborated discussions are first presented on key fundamental challenges related to structural degradation,interfacial instability,the inhomogeneity reactions,and sluggish interfacial kinetics.We provide an instructive summary of deep insights into promising modification strategies and underlying mechanisms,categorized into element doping(Li-site,cobalt-/oxygen-site,and multi-site doping)for improved Li+diffusivity and bulkstructure stability;surface coating(dielectrics,ionic/electronic conductors,and their combination)for surface stability and conductivity;nanosizing;combinations of these strategies;and other strategies(i.e.,optimization of the electrolyte,binder,tortuosity of electrodes,charging protocols,and prelithiation methods).Finally,forward-looking perspectives and promising directions are sketched out and insightfully elucidated,providing constructive suggestions and instructions for designing and realizing high-voltage and fast-charging LCO cathodes for next-generation double-high LIBs.

–C≡N functionalizing polycarbonate-based solid-state polymer electrolyte compatible to high-voltage cathodes

Solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs) capable of withstanding high voltage are considered to be key for next-generation energy storage devices with inherent safety as well as high energy density.This study involves the rational design of solid-state-C≡N functionalized P(VEC_1-CEA_(0.3))/LiTFSI@CE SPEs and its synthesis by in-situ free radical polymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC) and 2-cyanoethyl acrylate(CEA).In situ polymerization yields electrode/electrolyte interfaces with low interfacial resistance,forming a stable SEI layer enriched with LiF,Li_(3)N,and RCOOLi,ensuring stable Li plating/stripping for over 1400 h.The-C≡N moiety renders the αH on the adjacent αC positively charged,thereby endowing it with the capability to anchor TFSI^(-).Simultaneously,the incorporation of-C≡N moiety diminishes the electron-donating ability of the C=O,C-O-C,and-C≡N functional groups,facilitating not only the ion conductivity enhancement but also a more rapid Li^(+)migration proved by DFT theoretical calculations and Raman spectroscopy.At room temperature,t_(Li+) of 0.60 for P(VEC_1-CEA_(0.3))/LiTFSI@CE SPEs is achieved when the ionic conductivity σ_(Li+)is 2.63×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) and the electrochemical window is expanded to5.0 V.Both coin cells with high-areal-loading cathodes and the 6.5-mAh pouch cell,exhibit stable charge/discharge cycling.At 25℃,the 4.45-V Li|P(VEC_1-CEA_(0.3))/LiTFSI@CE|LiCoO_(2) battery performs stable cycling over 200 cycles at 0.2 C,with a capacity retention of 82.1%.

Pairing nitroxyl radical and phenazine with electron-withdrawing/-donating substituents in “water-in-ionic liquid” for high-voltage aqueous redox flow batteries

Aqueous redox-active organic materials-base electrolytes are sustainable alternatives to vanadium-based electrolyte for redoxflow batteries(RFBs)due to the advantages of high ionic conductivity,environmentally benign,safety and low cost.However,the underexplored redox properties of organic materials and the narrow thermodynamic electrolysis window of water(1.23 V)hinder their wide applications.Therefore,seeking suitable organic redox couples and aqueous electrolytes with a high output voltage is highly suggested for advancing the aqueous organic RFBs.In this work,the functionalized phenazine and nitroxyl radical with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing group exhibit redox potential of-0.88 V and 0.78 V vs.Ag,respectively,in“water-in-ionic liquid”supporting electrolytes.Raman spectra reveal that the activity of water is largely suppressed in“water-in-ionic liquid”due to the enhanced hydrogen bond interactions between ionic liquid and water,enabling an electrochemical stability window above 3 V.“Water-in-ionic liquid”supporting electrolytes help to shift redox potential of nitroxyl radical and enable the redox activity of functionalized phenazine.The assembled aqueous RFB allows a theoretical cell voltage of 1.66 V and shows a practical discharge voltage of 1.5 V in the“water-in-ionic liquid”electrolytes.Meanwhile,capacity retention of 99.91%per cycle is achieved over 500 charge/discharge cycles.A power density of 112 mW cm^(-2) is obtained at a current density of 30 mA cm^(-2).This work highlights the importance of rationally combining supporting electrolytes and organic molecules to achieve high-voltage aqueous RFBs.

Performance Characterization of Visible Light Communication Based on GaN High-Voltage LED/PD

While considerable research has been conducted on the structural principles,fabrication techniques,and photoelectric properties of high-voltage light-emitting diodes(LEDs),their performance in light communication remains underexplored.A high-voltage seriesconnected LED or photodetector(HVS-LED/PD)based on the gallium nitride(GaN)integrated photoelectronic chip is presented in this paper.Multi-quantum wells(MQW)diodes with identical structures are integrated onto a single chip through wafer-scale micro-fabrication techniques and connected in series to construct the HVS-LED/PD.The advantages of the HVS-LED/PD in communication are explored by testing its performance as both a light transmitter and a PD.The series connection enhances the device's 3 dB bandwidth,allowing it to increase from 1.56 MHz to a minimum of 2.16 MHz when functioning as an LED,and from 47.42 kHz to at least 85.83 kHz when operating as a PD.The results demonstrate that the light communication performance of HVS-LED/PD is better than that of a single GaN MQW diode with bandwidth and transmission quantity,which enriches the research of GaN-based high-voltage devices.

Study of the Effect of High-Voltage Low-Frequency Electrotherapy on Type 2 Diabetes in an in Vivo Model

The study investigates the impact of high-voltage low-frequency electrotherapy on glucose levels and hematological parameters in an in vivo model of type 2 diabetes. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in glucose increases during glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and suggest potential mechanisms, including improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation. Hematological analysis indicates no adverse effects of electrotherapy on healthy or diabetic mice. This study supports the potential of high-voltage low-frequency electrotherapy as an adjunctive treatment for type 2 diabetes, warranting further research into its mechanisms and long-term effects.

PMOS剂量计的退火特性

研究了 PMOS剂量计在不同温度和栅偏置下的辐照退火表现 .结果表明 :温度和退火偏置条件是影响初始退火速率和退火幅度的重要因素 ,较高退火温度下 ,退火速率高 ,幅度大 ;相同退火温度下 ,正偏置与负偏置相比有加速退火的作用 ,其退火幅度也较大 .在 1 80℃ ,零偏条件下获得了最快的 1 0 0 %的退火效果 ;

偏置对PMOS剂量计辐照响应的影响

研究了不同偏置条件对ＰＭＯＳ探头样品辐照响应的影响．在－ １～１ＭＶ／ｃｍ 的电场范围内，获得了偏置对ＰＭＯＳ剂量计辐照响应灵敏度和线性度的影响规律．利用“空穴陷阱薄层（Ｈｏｌｅ Ｔｒａｐｓ Ｓｈｅｅｔ）”模型，结合辐射感生界面电荷的栅偏置电场相关性，分析了实验结果．

pMOS场效应管的X射线和低能强电子束的瞬态电离辐照效应

对电离辐照敏感的厚氧化层ｐＭＯＳ场效应管进行了Ｘ射线和低能强流电子束的瞬态辐照实验；通过对阈电压漂移的跟踪监测，研究了ｐＭＯＳ场效应管的瞬态电离辐照效应。运用辐射感生氧化物、界面缺陷模型并结合ＭＯＳ器件寄生二极管等效电路模型解释了实验结果。

V_T 辐照模式 pMOS 剂量计的标定

对辐照偏置为阈值ＶＴ的ｐＭＯＳ剂量计进行了６０Ｃｏγ射线和６ＭｅＶ电子束的辐照标定，结果表明，在不低于１０２Ｇｙ（Ｓｉ）的剂量范围内，这种变化的负栅偏电压下工作的ｐＭＯＳ剂量计呈现出线性响应，其适用于空间环境的响应灵敏度为２０ｍＶ／Ｇｙ（Ｓｉ）。同时发现，对６０Ｃｏγ射线的响应灵敏度为对６ＭｅＶ电子束的１．３倍左右。对实验结果进行了分析，认为ｐＭＯＳ剂量计的响应灵敏度与粒子辐射的种类具有一定的依赖性，提出了剂量计对混合辐射场的标定方法。

pMOS剂量计的温度效应及其补偿探讨

利用恒流注入法和Ｉ－Ｖ测试方法研究了用于ｐＭＯＳ剂量计的国产ｐＭＯＳＲＡＤＦＥＴ的温度效应，结合ＭＯＳ晶体管阈值和电流－电压方程的理论公式推导分析了温度对阈电压、沟道载流子迁移率的影响，对“零温度系数点”从理论上进行了讨论，探讨了辐照对“零温度系数点”的影响。实验结果表明，采用“零温度系数”电流作为注入的恒流来测量栅源电压能提高剂量计电压读出的精度，起到对温度补偿的作用。

PMOS辐照检测传感器

比较了常用的 3种辐照剂量计 ,并详细介绍了PMOS辐照检测传感器的优点、制备工艺、工作模式。

PMOS剂量计的剂量率效应

在不同剂量率的60Coγ辐照下，研究了PMOS剂量计阈值电压的响应关系。借助快速I—V亚阈分析技术，获得了辐射感生界面态对剂量率效应的贡献。结果表明，辐照响应有较明显的剂量率效应；主要表现为响应的拟合关系式△VT＝KDn中幂n的变化，在低剂量率区间内，n值较大，对应于辐射响应高灵敏度范围；当剂量率增大时，n值减小，响应灵敏度下降。讨论了克服剂量率效应影响其应用的办法。

PMOSFET动态NBTI效应的研究

负偏压温度不稳定性效应(NBTI)已经成为影响CMOS集成电路可靠性的一个关键因素,而动态应力条件下的NBTI效应对器件和电路的影响越来越受到关注。对PMOSFET的动态NBTI效应进行了系统介绍,讨论了动态应力条件下NBTI(DNBTI)效应和静态应力下NBTI(SNBTI)退化机理,综述了DNBTI效应的动态恢复机制以及影响因素,最后介绍了NBTI效应对电路的影响。随着器件尺寸的日益缩小,如何提高电路的可靠性变得日益重要,进一步研究NBTI效应对电路的影响从而进行NBTI电路级可靠性设计已成为集成电路设计关注的焦点。

PMOS—2000发电市场技术支持系统概述

PMOS—2000 发电市场技术支持系统是适合中国发电市场模式的技术支持系统。它具有实时市场调度功能,包括交易管理、预计划处理、实时调度计划、即时信息发布、能量管理、电能计量、结算/合同管理和电厂报价8 个子系统。在设计时充分考虑电力市场和计算机技术的发展,使系统具有开放性和可扩展性。