Research on the width of filling body in gob-side entry retaining with high-water materials

To determine the filling body's width along the gob-side remained roadway which is underneath the gob,the authors analyzed the interaction mechanism between the roof and the supporting body along the remained roadway, based on the elastic thin plate theory of the stope roof. The stress state and mechanical response of the filling body along the remained roadway were studied. Specifically, firstly, the supporting pressure of the coal pillar which is on one side of the gob-side remained roadway was deduced.Also, an equation that is used to calculate the width of the balance area in the stress limit state was acquired. Then, an equation that is used to calculate the roof cutting force on one side of the supporting body was obtained. By using FLAC3D, the authors investigated the displacement field and stress field response laws of rock masses around the roadway with different filling body's widths. The results show that with the filling body's width increasing, the supporting ability of the filling body increases.Meanwhile, the rock mass displacement around the roadway and the filling body deformation decrease.The better the filling body's supporting effect is, the higher the roof cutting force will be. When the filling body's width is larger than 3.0 m, its internal bearing ability becomes stable and the filling body's deformation became non-apparent. Finally, analysis shows that the filling body's width should be 2.5 m.Furthermore, the authors conducted field tests in the supply roadway 1204, using high-water materials and acquired expected outcomes.

THE RESEARCH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STOWING SLURRY WITH HIGH-WATER MATERIALSOLIDIFYING TAILINGS

High-water material, tailings from goldmine and water are mixed into a new slurry.Testing of rheological properties of stowing slurries A and B is made to determine type and rheological parameters of the slurry. The main factors influencing rheological properties of the slurry are analyzed and the rational concentration and empirical resistance calculating formula of pipe line transportation are presented.

Creep Property of Solidifying Backfill Body of High-Water Material

On the basis of the creep test of bigh-water materisl solidifying backfill body(abb. HW body), This paper discusses its creep properties- The visco-elasto-plastic model, which shows the creep properties of HW body, is developed, and the creep contitutive equations are deduced. The visco-elastoplastic model is proved by the experiments and practice.

Investigation on Rapidly Solidified T15 High Speed Steel Powder and Its Bulk Microcrystalline Material

Authors produced rapidly solidified T15 high speed steel powders by high pressure(5~ 6MPa) N_a atomization and liquid N_2 cooling,observed and analyzed the morphology and structure of the powders;at the same time,prepared bulk microcrystalline T15 high speed steel materials by hot extruding or HIPing and hot rolling of the powders,observed and measured the microstructure and performance of the bulk materials.It was shown that rapid solidification may change the solidification characteristics and structure of T15 high speed steel powder and improve the qualities and properties of T15 high speed steel materials.

Study on Fracture Characteristic of Artificial Roof of Downward Drift with High-Water Solidifying Backfill

On the basis of analysis of the structure aud loading characteristic of downward drift with high-water solidifying backfill, the fracture characteristics of the artiricial roof of "hard-support weak-plate" drift and "soft-support weak-plate" drift are demonstrated rrom theory. The location and the maximum tensile stress of destruction point are given.This paper aims at providing some theoretical basis and practical reference for designing the artificlal roof structure parameter in downward drirt backfill mining.

Melting and Solidification Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Phase-Change Material in a Latent Heat Storage Vessel: Effects of a Perforated Partition Plate and Metal Fiber

Today, latent heat storage technology has advanced to allow reuse of waste heat in the middle-temperature range. This paper describes an approach to develop a latent heat storage system using middle-temperature waste heat (~100oC - 200oC) from factories. Direct contact melting and solidification behavior between a heat-transfer fluid (oil) and a latent heat storage material mixture were observed. The mixture consisted of mannitol and erythritol (Cm = 70 mass %, Ce = 30 mass %) as a phase-change material (PCM). The weight of the PCM was 3.0 kg and the flow rate of the oil, foil, was 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 kg/min. To decrease the solidified height of the PCM mixture during the solidification process, a perforated partition plate was installed in the PCM region in the heat storage vessel. PCM coated oil droplets were broken by the perforated partition plate, preventing the solidified height of the PCM from increasing. The solidification and melting processes were repeated using metal fiber. It was found that installing the metal fiber was more effective than installing the perforated partition plate to prevent the flow out problem of the PCM.

防治煤自燃的高堆积固化泡沫的制备及应用

漏风是引发矿井煤自燃的重要原因,而煤自燃火灾影响了矿井的正常生产。为解决传统无机固化泡沫(TISF)在充填堵漏过程中存在胶凝时间长、堆积能力弱的问题,提出经液态硅酸钠(LSS)改性制备的速凝无机固化泡沫(RISF)。研究了不同掺量的LSS对泡沫浆液胶凝时间、堆积能力等性能的影响规律,采用抗压强度、稳定性测试等表征手段,确定了LSS的最优添加量为5%(质量分数),RISF的28 d抗压强度达2.49 MPa,是TISF的1.7倍,最大密度比R为1.11,稳定性提升20%左右;胶凝时间和堆积能力的测试结果表明,与TISF相比,RISF的凝结时间大幅缩短(从683 s缩短到52 s),堆积能力提升(最大堆积高度提高1.9倍)。基于此,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对RISF的速凝固化机理进行了探究。试验结果表明,RISF具有更多的水化产物且不同的水化产物紧密交织,颗粒水化过程中,LSS水解生成原硅酸根与溶液中的钙离子结合,加快水化反应,缩短了泡沫浆液的胶凝时间。但也发现,当LSS添加量超过5%时,RISF的抗压强度降低,稳定性下降,这主要是因为过量的LSS使溶液中的钙硅比例低于1.0,导致生成了低强度的水化产物。堵漏风试验和灭火试验结果表明,与TISF相比,RISF具有较高的堵漏效率和优良的防灭火性能,堵漏效率最高提升26.3%,并且在扑灭煤火时未出现复燃。RISF在利民煤矿矸石山的现场应用表明,其具有良好的降温灭火效果,有效解决了矸石山的高温难题,确保了矿井的正常生产。

水泥基复合材料固化铬污染盾构渣土性能及其机理研究

为了实现铬污染盾构渣土的资源化利用,解决单一水泥固化材料用量大、排放量高以及固化效果不理想等问题,研制水泥基有机-无机复合固化剂固化铬污染盾构渣土。以14 d养护龄期固化土无侧限抗压强度和浸出毒性为评判指标,通过设计“五因素四水平”正交试验确定复合固化剂最佳配比;采用极差分析法对各影响因素进行主效应分析,并结合XRD和SEM试验探究复合有机-无机固化剂的作用机理。研究结果表明:无侧限抗压强度和浸出毒性评判指标的最优解均为11%(质量分数,下同)水泥、5.50%生石灰、0.25%聚丙烯酰胺、1.10%硅酸钠和0.05%海藻酸钠;14 d养护龄期的试验13(A4B1C4D4E1)固化土无侧限抗压强度达1217.58 kPa,重金属铬浸出质量浓度为2.4 mg/L,满足相关规范要求;水泥、海藻酸钠和硅酸钠为固化土无侧限抗压强度评判指标的主要影响因素,水泥、海藻酸钠和生石灰为浸出毒性评判指标的主要影响因素;固化土无侧限抗压强度与重金属铬浸出质量浓度密切相关,具体表现为固化土无侧限抗压强度越大,重金属铬的稳定化效果越明显;大量的自由水被消耗、pH升高、新矿物的生成、土体微观结构改变及土颗粒间胶结作用增强是盾构渣土性能提高的主要原因;当固化土强度增大时,重金属铬的物理封闭作用增强;此外,发生水化反应形成的较高pH也促进三价铬生成难溶于水的氢氧化物沉淀,从而降低固化土重金属铬浸出毒性。

高强度等四面体树脂固结堵漏剂的研制及应用

川渝地区在钻井过程中井漏频发,部分区域钻遇复杂地层发生恶性漏失,常常需要多次堵漏或多种堵漏工艺才能封堵成功,严重增加了钻井成本。通过对现有堵漏工艺进行分析,针对裂缝架桥填充原理,通过将高强度等四面体树脂作为主架桥材料、片状树脂及热固性树脂作为充填材料、纤维材料进行缠绕交联后研制成一种一袋式温控胶凝树脂固结堵漏材料YDFD。针对小裂缝,溶洞类、失返性(大裂缝)、呼吸性地层漏失情况,分别选用小、中、大3个型号的一袋式胶凝树脂固结堵漏剂进行级配,通过温控剂调节堵漏浆的固化时间保障施工安全、实现对漏层的精准封堵,在川渝油气井区处理井漏复杂过程中获得93%的一次堵漏成功率,达到了很好的应用效果,该工艺技术在油气田处理井漏难题时可推广应用。

无机材料改良季节冻土区碳酸盐渍土试验及其方案评价

为解决松嫩平原碳酸盐渍土对工程的不利影响,且削弱季节冻土区冻融循环对碳酸盐渍土带来的损伤,采用无机材料石灰和粉煤灰对碳酸盐渍土进行改良。研究了不同改良方案下碳酸盐渍土抗剪强度的变化及其抵抗冻融循环的能力;通过熵权-TOPSIS模型对各改良方案进行评价。结果表明:石灰和粉煤灰均会提升碳酸盐渍土的抗剪强度,但是石灰的改良效果远胜于粉煤灰,石灰会使得碳酸盐渍土的应力-应变曲线变成应变软化型;粉煤灰在提升碳酸盐渍土抵抗冻融损伤能力上表现得比较突出;而双掺石灰和粉煤灰明显兼顾了强度和抵抗冻融损伤能力这2个指标;在考虑力学性能、抗冻融能力以及经济等因素时,石灰和粉煤灰的掺量均为12%的方案最优。

基于PPR建模的固废材料固化戈壁土抗压强度计算模型

为实现固废材料在戈壁土固化中的资源利用,选用工业矿渣粉和粉煤灰组成一种戈壁土固化掺合料,加入碱激发剂激发活性,对其固化戈壁土的抗压强度进行试验研究,采用投影寻踪回归对试验高维数据进行分析,建立固化戈壁土抗压强度PPR计算模型,验证了模型的精度和稳定性,最后采用该模型进行仿真计算,分析各影响因素与固化戈壁土抗压强度的关系。研究结果表明:该PPR计算模型具有可靠性,各影响因子对抗压强度贡献权重系数顺序为:固化剂掺量>龄期>粉煤灰掺量>碱掺量;仿真计算结果定量描述了各影响因素与固化戈壁土抗压强度的关系;PPR模型较深入地挖掘了固化戈壁土抗压强度高维数据的内在结构,为固废材料固化戈壁土的力学性能研究提供参考。

机械粉磨对岩土固化用无熟料胶凝材料性能的影响

利用稻壳灰、CFB脱硫灰、钢渣协同制备一种无熟料水硬性无机胶凝材料,可替代水泥用于岩土固化。为提高这种胶凝材料的活性及其他性能,研究经机械粉磨后胶凝材料的性能变化及其机理。结果表明:随着粉磨时间增加,胶凝材料的粒度分布曲线由多峰分布转变为单峰分布,标准稠度用水量减少,凝结时间缩短;水化诱导期的结束时间和第2放热峰出现时间明显提前,累积放热量增加;砂浆试件的早期抗压强度和自收缩显著增加;采用无熟料胶凝材料制备流态固化土,其初始流动扩展度随粉磨时间增加而增加,经时损失加快;机械粉磨对固化土的早期强度影响不显著,后期强度则呈现先增加后降低的趋势。采用该无熟料胶凝材料制备流态固化土,能满足一般回填工程的强度要求。

大采高松软煤层柔性充填沿空留巷技术应用研究

针对梁北矿厚煤层沿空留巷围岩稳定性问题,本文提出“预裂切顶-超前加固-高水充填”三位一体沿空留巷围岩协同控制技术。通过室内试验、理论分析、工程类比、数值模拟等方法,确定了梁北矿21051东工作面机巷沿空留巷预裂切顶、超前加固和高水充填支护参数。现场监测结果表明:梁北矿21051东工作面沿空留巷在滞后工作面120 m范围内围岩变形呈增长趋势,120 m后趋于稳定,最终变形量在可控范围,留巷取得成功。相关技术方法可为类似矿井沿空留巷工程提供一定参考。

低强度流态填筑材料的研究现状及展望

管廊肥槽、建筑物深基坑、矿山采空区、桥涵台背等施工过程常需要进行回填作业,流态填筑材料回填是一项有发展前景的技术,在不同行业中存在应用场合、性能要求、施工方法、材料组成乃至术语称谓等方面的显著差异。本文在梳理前人研究的基础上,提出“低强度流态填筑材料”的概念,并详细阐述了其基本特点。同时,对矿山胶结充填材料、可控低强度材料、流态固化土等材料的发展与现状进行了综述,并根据常见的基料粒径范围,对多种类型的低强度流态填筑材料作出了相对性的区分。低强度流态填筑材料是一类组成多样、用途广泛的工程材料,具有突出的包容性和绿色低碳特征,可以据此建立多种废弃物协同处置的技术体系。然而,目前这类材料存在用水量大、组成和性能差异性大、测试方法不统一等主要问题。因此,提升低强度流态填筑材料的性能、扩展其应用领域,是行业未来发展的重要方向。

固化改良对底泥中Cd迁移转化的影响研究

重金属污染底泥是疏浚底泥中较难处理的一种底泥,不仅需要改善其理化性质,还需要考虑重金属在底泥中的迁移转化。在石马河底泥中加入外源Cd2+并养护,同时加入固化材料和改良材料组合配方,研究在改善底泥理化性质的同时,固化材料和改良材料对Cd在底泥中迁移转化的影响。结果表明,底泥中加入外源Cd2+后,养护龄期达到7 d时,底泥中Cd的形态基本稳定;加入以水泥为主的固化材料时,有助于底泥中Cd的形态从不稳定态向稳定态转化,且水泥的添加量越高,底泥浸出液中Cd的含量越低,通过对比分析得出,石马河底泥的固化配方宜为“40 kg/m^(3)水泥+5 kg/m^(3)石灰+5 kg/m^(3)石膏”;加入腐殖酸和稻草粉也有助于底泥中的Cd从不稳定态向稳定态转化,且稻草粉添加量宜为200 g/kg,腐殖酸添加量宜为5~10 g/kg。本研究成果可以为重金属污染底泥的资源化利用提供关键参数和科学依据。

不同种类减水剂对流态固化土性能影响的研究

流态固化土具有高流动性,可以有效消纳建筑固废和工业固废,是一种性价比高、环境友好型低碳建筑材料,近年来得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于土质的特殊性,流态固化土往往需要很高的水料比才能保证其高流动性,较高的水料比给流态固化土的性能带来不良影响,本文研究了聚羧酸减水剂(PCE)、萘系减水剂(FDN)、氨基磺酸盐减水剂(ASP)、木质素磺酸钠(LS)对流态固化土性能的影响。

高水速凝砂浆材料密闭墙关键参数设计

针对传统密闭墙工艺复杂、抗压能力差,存在漏风危险等问题,棋盘井煤矿在9^(#)煤工作面采用高水速凝砂浆材料构筑密闭墙。本文分析了工作面巷道及煤层顶底板应力分布和变形规律,确定了合理的密闭墙构筑位置,同时基于高水速凝砂浆材料的物理力学特性,针对不同厚度的密闭墙应力变形进行数值模拟,得到适用的密闭墙厚度,最终确定密闭墙布置在工作面顺槽内,距大巷6 m,厚度为3 m。

Development and Application of a High-Volume Recycled Powder Solidifying Material for Waterworks Sludge

Recycled powder(RP)is produced as a by-product during the process of recycling construction and demolition(C&D)wastes,presenting a low additional value.Using RP-based solidifying material can not only improve its utilization efficiency,but also reduce the cost of commercial solidifying materials.To date,this is the best solidifying material utilized to dispose the original waterworks sludge(OWS)with high moisture contents(60%),and the product could be used to fabricate non-fired bricks.This has become a new environment-friendly technology of“using waste to treat waste”.In this paper,the influence of different particle sizes and dosages of RP on the prepared solidifying material was studied.Besides,unconfined compression strength(UCS),volume stability,chemical composition,and heat of hydration,pore structure of the solidifying material were characterized.Then,non-fired bricks were prepared by using the solidifying material,recycled aggregate,and original waterworks sludge.The UCS and softing coefficient(SC)of the non-fired bricks were evaluated.As a result,the 28-day UCS of the solidifying material with optimal(M30)was 35.40 MPa,which could reach 84.37%of Portland cement(PC).The addition of RP increased the volume stability of the solidifying material.The addition of a large amount of RP reduced the heat flux and cumulative heat release of the solidifying material,while its porosity increased.The UCS of non-fired brick(NF20)in 28 days was 15.19 MPa and the SC after 28 days was 78.35%.In conclusion,the preparation of solidifying material using RP could be a promising approach and has a great potential in disposal of original waterworks sludge.

Stability analysis and control technology of gob‑side entry retaining with double roadways by flling with high‑water material in gently inclined coal seam

To ameliorate the defects of insufcient support resistance of traditional roadside flling bodies for gob-side entry retaining(GER),overcome the inability to adapt to the deformation of surrounding rock,and isolate the goaf efectively,a new type of high-water material as a roadside flling body for GER technology with double roadways was proposed.The instability analysis and control technology of GER with double roadways by flling high-water material into a gently inclined coal seam were studied.The basic mechanical properties of the new high-water material were investigated through laboratory experiments,and their main advantages were identifed.The reasonable width of the roadside flling wall of a high-water material was obtained by combining ground pressure observation and theoretical calculations.The distribution characteristics of the stress and plastic zone of surrounding rock of GER after being stabilized by the disturbance of the working face were studied using numerical simulations,and the failure range of GER by flling with high-water material was revealed.Based on this,a coupling control technology of anchor cables and bolts+single props+metal mesh+anchor bolts is proposed.Through the coupling methods of arranging borehole peeping and observing the convergences of surrounding rock,the results demonstrate that GER with double roadways by flling with a 1.8-m-wide high-water material has a good control efect.The above research will play an active role in promoting the application of high-water materials in GER roadside flling.