Breeding of National Authorized New Wheat Variety Shannong 116 and Supporting Cultivation Technical Measures for High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency

Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.

Characteristics and High-yield Cultivation Techniques of the Main Potato Variety Jinshu 16 in Shanxi Province

With NL94014 as the female parent and 9333-11 as the male parent,the potato research laboratory of High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences obtained true seeds through sexual hybridization,and systematically and directionally bred a new potato variety Jinshu 16 with high yield,good comprehensive resistance and middle and late maturity.This variety has been listed as one of the mainstay varieties in Shanxi Province for many times.In this paper,the characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of Jinshu 16 are introduced,in order to guide field production and get better returns.

Selection of Greenhouse Zucchini Varieties and High-Quality,High-Yield and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques

[Objectives]To select zucchini varieties suitable for cultivation in Zibo City and test its high-yield cultivation techniques.[Methods]Six zucchini varieties were introduced,and their commercial quality and yield were determined.[Results]The yield of Shengfeier,Xiuyu 170 and Xihulu 309 increased by 11.4%,6.9%and 4.6%,respectively compared with S68(control),and zucchini was straight,looked pleasing to the eye,and had strong disease resistance.[Conclusions]The zucchini varieties were selected and the high-quality,high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques were integrated.

Control Measures for Protected Strawberry Cultivation in Continuous Overcast and Hazy Days

Continuous overcast and hazy days are common for the winter in Hebei Province,these disastrous weathers have tremendous negative effect on the production of protected strawberry cultivation,for leading to the problems such as degrading photosynthesis of leaves,poor pollination and fertilization,more malformed fruits,low percentage of fertile fruits,delayed maturation of fruits,degraded quality and yield,and aggravated diseases.In view of the disastrous weathers and problems,the authors put forward the measures for the management of protected strawberry cultivation in continuous overcast and hazy days,to provide technical support for strawberry farmers.

Effects of cultivation measures on Hirschmanniella oryzae

Hirschmanniella oryzae is one of the most im-portant pathogenic nematodes of rice. Thereare few data on the Integrated Pest Manage-ment (IPM) of H. oryzae except for somestudies on the chemical control of this nema-tode. A study on the IPM of H. oryzae wascarried out in Guangzhou from 1991 to 1995.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use eco-efficiency and its influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2020

Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Stevia rebaudiana(Bertoni) Hemsl. in Gannan Area of Jiangxi Province

In order to expand the production of Stevia rebaudiana( Bertoni) Hemsl.,the main points of high-yield cultivation techniques of a two-year-old stevia cultivar Shoutian No. 3 in Gannan area of Jiangxi Province were summarized: cutting and transplanting in early spring; fine management,applying more basic and additional fertilizers and retaining stubbles two times in summer,retaining roots for seeding in late autumn,and mulching membrane for safe overwintering in winter. This study will provide practical guidance for the planting of S. rebaudiana in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province.

Analysis on the Influencing Factors and Control Measures of "Non-Grain Conversion" of Cultivated Land in Agricultural Land Transfer

Through the method of literature analysis,this paper analyzes the present situation of the"non-grain conversion"of cultivated land in the transfer of agricultural land in China,summarizes the influencing factors and consequences of the phenomenon of"non-grain conversion"of cultivated land in the transfer of agricultural land,and finally puts forward some measures.The study found that costs and benefits are the fundamental factors affecting the"non-grain conversion"of cultivated land in agricultural land transfer,and other main factors include government and policy guidance,industrial and commercial capital to the countryside,labor transfer and so on.The"non-grain conversion"of cultivated land in the transfer of agricultural land is a serious threat to China s food security,leading to the decline of the quality of agricultural land and the destruction of the ecological environment,as well as the risk of breach of contract in"industrial and commercial capital to the countryside".Based on the understanding of the influencing factors of non-grain conversion,this paper puts forward the following measures:strengthening the control of the use of cultivated land in agricultural land transfer;implementing accurate subsidies for grain cultivation and ensuring the benefit of grain growers;adopting grain planting incentive mechanism to increase grain enthusiasm;strengthening media publicity and education to enhance food security awareness.The improvement of the current situation of the"non-grain conversion"of cultivated land in the transfer of agricultural land will be of great significance to the protection of agricultural land and food security in China.

Studies on high-yielding cultivation of rice in Guangdong by diagnosis and control of chlorophyll content and LAI

During the 1970’s and 1980’s studies on the rela-tion between LAI and yield had been carried out inGAAS.The main results were as follows:(1)Usingthe accumulated LAI value at three stages,i.e.panicle initiation(PI),heading(H)and 20 d afterheading(H),to analyze the relation between LAIand yield was more accurrate than only using theLAI value at H stage(see table);(2)Reaching cer-

三亚市耕地质量等级年度变更评价及质量提升

开展耕地质量等级评价,可建立健全耕地质量等级调查评价与信息发布制度,并准确掌握区域尺度的耕地质量现状及变化趋势,查清影响耕地生产的主要障碍因素,有针对性提出加强耕地质量保护与提升的对策措施与建议,进而提升耕地质量管理水平。以三亚市耕地为对象,开展耕地质量等级年度变更评价。结果表明,全市耕地质量平均等级为5.23,其中高等级地(一级地至三级地)占全市耕地面积的23.52%,中等级地(四级地至六级地)占49.12%,低等级地(七级地至十级地)占27.36%;三亚市耕地的主要障碍因素为障碍层次和渍潜,分别对其提出了改良措施及建议。

环境因子及栽培措施对核桃细菌性黑斑病的影响

为找出核桃黑斑病的发生与核桃品种、生长环境以及栽培措施之间的关系,调查了17个核桃品种的病情指数,生长地的海拔、地形坡度、降雨量、温度、郁闭度、地面覆盖率等环境因子,以及灌溉次数、防治次数、是否清园等栽培措施,采用主成分分析法和相关性方法分析了环境因子、栽培措施与核桃细菌性黑斑病发生的关系。结果表明:(1)根据17个核桃品种的病情指数得出中强特勒、辽核1号、西扶为抗病品种;(2)发现核桃黑斑病病情指数与郁闭度、防治次数和是否清园具有强相关性,郁闭度为正相关,防治次数和是否清园为负相关,平均温度、地面覆盖率与病情指数为负相关。(3)核桃黑斑病发病率与雨水为极显著正相关,与海拔高度为极显著负相关。建议在推广中应结合立地条件,合理布局,两树的间距需在6 m以上,郁闭度控制在0.6以下,并做好清园、灌溉和防治等树体管理工作,以减少核桃病害的发生。

乡村振兴战略视域下返乡入乡大学生创业群体培育研究

返乡入乡大学生创业群体具有返乡入乡创业参与度增强、产生多重效果、内部属性平等和战略定位明确等特征,是带动乡村振兴发展的生力军。其在乡村经济、发展农业乡村治理等方面扮演着至关重要的角色,既激活了乡村产业的市场价值、优化了乡村治理的政治价值,又彰显了返乡入乡创业大学生的自我价值、实现了乡村振兴的战略价值。返乡入乡大学生创业群体的培育,要依托乡村土地资源、乡村山水风光、乡村创业产业园、技术技能优势,造就更多的现代农业种养殖经营主体、文旅融合建设主体、农业园区创业主体、数字农业服务业主体,从加大创业要素供给、完善学校教育体系、提升城乡双向认同、优化公共服务保障来吸引更多大学生加入到返乡入乡创业群体。

穿心莲内酯生物合成与调控的研究进展

穿心莲内酯是中药材穿心莲的主要活性成分,具有清热解毒、抗菌消炎、保肝利胆等功效,临床上主要用于治疗小儿肺炎和上呼吸道感染等疾病。近年来,由于环境因素长期影响、品种纯度不高以及优良品种选育工作滞后等原因,很大程度上限制了穿心莲的品质提升。在穿心莲药材质量评价中,穿心莲内酯的含量是一项非常重要的指标,通过解析穿心莲内酯生物合成的分子机制及积累规律,有助于提升穿心莲药材质量。该文综述了穿心莲内酯的生物合成途径与分子调控机制,穿心莲内酯的生物合成主要分为两大阶段,即穿心莲内酯前体的合成阶段和穿心莲内酯合成的修饰阶段,其中前体合成研究已经较为清楚,但有关穿心莲内酯合成修饰阶段的途径和关键酶的挖掘还处于空白水平,需进一步研究。通过从环境因素和栽培措施两个层面对穿心莲内酯合成积累的关键影响因子进行挖掘,有利于建立完善的高品质穿心莲种植体系。此外,对调控穿心莲内酯生物合成的研究进展进行总结和展望,可为穿心莲药材品质提升提供参考。

快速城市化地区耕地功能性流失测度评价与实证分析

[目的]揭示快速城市化发展下耕地功能性流失现象的阶段性特征,探讨流失类型和流失等级的时空格局与管控策略,为优化区域耕地保护、保障粮食安全提供思路借鉴。[方法]基于快速城市化地区耕地功能性流失的类型特征解析,从“用途—产能—储量”三维视角构建其综合测度体系,监测耕地功能的流失程度并预测流失风险,进一步针对各级流失区域提出管控策略,以江苏省江阴市为研究区开展了实证研究。[结果](1)统筹考虑耕地功能流失的阶段性特征,以此划分耕地功能性流失的主要类型,探索定量表征快速城市化进程下耕地功能性流失程度和风险的方法,对缓解耕地保护与经济发展冲突具有重要理论支撑。(2)江阴市用途流失维中种植非粮食作物面积占比最大,共涉及267个村;产能流失维涉及的村域较少,仅59个村;储量流失中,中低风险类型区涉及的村域较多且数量相当,分别为104个村和115个村。(3)基于综合评价体系,江阴市村域中二级流失占比最大(71.17%),在未来发展中需对不同流失程度实施完善农业建设、优化农业空间布局、加强流失风险监测等差异化治理策略。[结论]耕地功能性流失现象在发生时间、受干扰因素和表现形式等方面存在阶段性特征,其时空格局在分维和综合维度上各具差异,因地施策可为促进区域耕地保护与利用,完善耕地功能风险监测与预警,进而优化国土空间合理布局等提供理论支撑。

学科基础课测量原理课程思政探索与实践

测量原理是国防科技大学仪器科学与技术学科测控技术与仪器专业的一门学科基础必修课程,其中蕴含着丰富的认识论和方法论等思政元素,具有天然的思政属性。以立德树人为出发点,从国家整体发展战略、专业人才培养目标、科学共同体的精神三个维度进行课程思政教学整体设计,梳理课程内容知识单元的思政要素切入点,有针对性地设计典型的思政案例。结合星间链路关键技术及其北斗工程应用思政案例,进行教学实践,取得良好的教学效果,达到课程思政的育人目标。

利用盐碱地种草解决新疆饲草短缺问题的对策研究

【目的】为实现新疆盐碱地的高效利用,解决畜牧业发展中优质饲草短缺的难题。【方法】采用实地调研、文献检索等方法,对喀什地区、和田地区、阿克苏地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州(简称克州)等地的盐碱地综合利用情况进行了梳理。【结果】初步掌握了新疆盐碱地概况及综合利用情况,总结了盐碱地种草的经验做法,分析了盐碱地种草存在的困难和问题,提出了推进盐碱地种草的对策措施。【结论】新疆盐碱地面积广阔,严重制约了绿洲农业的发展。未来需加强耐盐碱饲草品种的选育,快速建立分类治理技术体系,强化工程性治理措施,并总结推广成功模式,以实现盐碱地资源的高效利用。

江苏省耕地集聚连通性时空特征与分类优化策略

耕地的集中连片和空间连通对农业现代化发展至关重要。该研究基于“像元—邻域—连片”三级尺度嵌套视角,综合考虑耕地面积、形状、结构和连通性等特征,构建耕地集聚度和连通性特征测算体系,探究了2000-2020年江苏省耕地格局时空演化规律和分类优化策略。研究结果表明:1)江苏省耕地集聚度从中部向北部和南部递减,98.94%的县域以不同程度下降。2)江苏省耕地连通性从中部至北部形成以宝应县和宿豫区为中心的连通性优势带,南部区域则有所下降。3)根据耕地集聚度和连通性的现状和变化趋势,可将江苏省划分为6个类型区,并提出相应的耕地利用和改善策略。该研究为综合测算耕地的集聚度和连通性特征提出了新的研究视角,明确了耕地优化管理的策略,对于指导区域耕地保护与高效利用、推动农业现代化具有参考价值。

基于“双碳”背景的新能源专业创新创业教育研究

随着我国提出2030年碳达峰、2060年碳中和的“双碳”目标,培养适应国家“双碳”需求的新能源创新创业人才迫在眉睫。该文分析当前新能源创新创业教育存在的问题,提出改革思路和具体举措。首先,调研“双碳”背景下行业对人才的需求,重新设计培养方案,增加“双碳”和创新创业相关课程,建立产学研用协同机制。其次,构建融合“双碳”理念的课程体系,创建新能源“双碳”创新创业实践基地,改革考核评价机制。再次,完善资助保障体系,提升教育质量,不仅有助于培养适应国家需求的人才,也可以推动新能源创新创业教育发展,提升新能源类专业的核心竞争力,使其实现可持续发展。深化新能源创新创业教育改革,对服务国家“双碳”战略具有重要意义。

基于试验数据的人工用材林最优轮伐期确定的研究进展

虽然用材林轮伐期研究长期受到国内外众多学者的关注,但有关轮伐期的内涵、轮伐期确定的标准、轮伐期模型选择以及相关变量对轮伐期的影响等方面,依然是众说纷纭,无法为构建用材林提质增效培育模式提供坚实的理论基础。本文通过梳理国内外有关轮伐期确定方面的研究成果,并以我国杉木用材林试验数据作为支撑,意在展示不同轮伐期确定准则、方法和相关影响因素对轮伐期确定的作用机理和过程,并对未来轮伐期的研究方向进行了展望。

黑土区坡耕地水土保持耕作措施对土壤理化性状的影响

为探寻黑土区坡耕地不同水土保持耕作措施对土壤理化性状的影响机理,开展了田间小区试验。设置横坡耕作(TP)、垄向区田(RF)、深松(SF)、横坡耕作+垄向区田(TP-R)、横坡耕作+深松(TP-S)、垄向区田+深松(RF-S)3种水土保持耕作措施及3种组合耕作措施,并以常规顺坡耕作(CK)为对照,分析了土壤孔隙度、土壤机械组成、水稳性土壤团聚体稳定性、土壤养分含量等指标,并采用TOPSIS模型对不同水土保持耕作措施进行了综合评价,筛选了土壤稳定性强且蓄水保肥效果良好的水土保持耕作措施。结果表明:在玉米的全生育期内,深松、垄向区田、横坡耕作均能提高土壤体积含水率。TP-S处理体积含水率最大,0~40 cm土层平均体积含水率较CK处理增加29.47%;RF-S处理平均孔隙度最大,TP-S处理次之,平均孔隙度较CK处理分别增大10.68%、9.25%;TP-S处理能够显著提高土壤稳定性,其中平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和大团聚体含量(R0.25)较CK处理分别增加12.30%、19.57%、13.97%;TP-S处理能够改善土壤机械组成,TP-S处理粗砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量较CK处理增加15.40%、26.89%、1.90%,细砂粒含量较CK处理降低31.56%;TP-S处理IN(无机态氮)、AP(有效磷)、AK(速效钾)含量最高,较CK处理IN、AP、AK含量分别增加42.81%~55.32%、39.69%~40.68%、20.41%~25.45%。由TOPSIS模型综合评价结果可知,TP-S处理贴合度最高,土壤结构更稳定,且蓄水保肥效果更好,为适宜该地区的水土保持耕作措施。