In the present study we have found that proto-oncogene c-fos protein can expressin the noradrenergic neurons of rat hindbrain following peripheral electrical stimulation. Ratswere given peripheral electrical stimulati...In the present study we have found that proto-oncogene c-fos protein can expressin the noradrenergic neurons of rat hindbrain following peripheral electrical stimulation. Ratswere given peripheral electrical stimulation via thin stainless steel pins inserted into the pointsnear knee joint (S36) and ankle joint (Sp6) which mimic the manipulation of electroacupuncture(EA) performed in humans. Animals were perfused for double staining immunohistochemistry 2hafter the termination of EA. In rats subjected to EA stimulation Fos-like protein was found in thetyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactive neurons in rat hindbrain. The Fos and TH coex-isting neurons were distributed in the locus coeruleus, solitary tract nucleus, ventrolateral medul-la, periaqeductal gray, as well as superior colliculus. The percentage of the coexisting neuronscompared with the total number of neurons containing Fos-like protein in these nuclei rangedfrom 6% to 32%. The results suggest that the noradrenergic neurons in these regions may be ac-tivted by acupuncture stimulation.展开更多
The hindbrain,which develops from the anterior end of the neural tube expansion,can differentiate into the metencephalon and myelencephalon,with varying sizes and functions.The midbrain–hindbrain boundary(MHB)and hin...The hindbrain,which develops from the anterior end of the neural tube expansion,can differentiate into the metencephalon and myelencephalon,with varying sizes and functions.The midbrain–hindbrain boundary(MHB)and hindbrain myelencephalon/ventral midline(HMVM)are known to be the source of the progenitors for the anterior hindbrain and myelencephalon,respectively.However,the molecular networks regulating hindbrain morphogenesis in these structures remain unclear.In this study,we show that retinoblastoma 1(rb1)is highly expressed at the MHB and HMVM in zebrafish.Knocking out rb1 in mice and zebrafish results in an enlarged hindbrain due to hindbrain neuronal hyperproliferation.Further study reveals that Rb1 controls the hindbrain morphogenesis by suppressing the expression of Gbx1/Gbx2,essential transcription factors for hindbrain development,through its binding to E2f3/Hdac1,respectively.Interestingly,we find that Gbx1 and Gbx2 are expressed in different types of hindbrain neurons,suggesting distinct roles in hindbrain morphogenesis.In summary,our study clarifies the specific role of RB1 in hindbrain neural cell proliferation and morphogenesis by regulating the E2f3–Gbx1 axis and the Hdac1–Gbx2 axis.These findings provide a research paradigm for exploring the differential proliferation of neurons in various brain regions.展开更多
Objective The passive electrosense is a primitive sensory modality in the Chondrostei, which include sturgeon and paddlefish. Using electroreceptors, these fish detect the weak electric fields from other animals or ge...Objective The passive electrosense is a primitive sensory modality in the Chondrostei, which include sturgeon and paddlefish. Using electroreceptors, these fish detect the weak electric fields from other animals or geoelectric sources, and use this information for prey detection or other behaviors. The primary afferent fibers innervating the electroreceptors project to a single hindbrain target called the dorsal octavolateral nucleus （DON）, where the electrosensory information is first processed. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of DON neurons. Methods Extracellular recording was used to investigate the response properties of DON neurons to dipole electric fields with different amplitudes and frequencies in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Results The DON neurons showed regular spontaneous activity and could be classified into two types： neurons with a low spontaneous rate （〈10 Hz） and those with a high spon- taneous rate （〉10 Hz）. In response to sinusoidal electric field stimuli, DON neurons showed sinusoidally-modulated and phase-locked firing. In addition, neurons showed opposite phase responses corresponding to the different directions of the dipole. Conclusion The response properties of DON neurons match the electrosensory biological function in sturgeon, as they match the characteristics of the electric fields of its prey.展开更多
The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,...The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,which are thought to be sensitive to weak electric fields in aquatic environments and involved in feeding,mating and migration.Here,we report the results of a set of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments designed to determine the function and characteristics of the electrosense in cultured sturgeons.The results showed Sibe-rian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869)feeding striking at bio-electric fields produced by living feed-fish enclosed in a gel chamber and at the corrosion field produced by metal rods.With an electric stimulus that mim-ics the bio-electric fields produced by living prey,the relative discharge rate of electrosensory neurons in the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus(DON)was modulated by and phase-locked to sinusoidal stimulus and some units showed selectivity for dipolar direction in white sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus Richardson,1836).This is the first study to provide the empirical evidence correlating with electrosensory behaviors and electrophysiolog-ical responses in cultured sturgeons,and suggesting that electrosense does play an innate role in feeding behav-ior of sturgeon.We believe this will have important implications for protecting sturgeons in the wild.展开更多
基金Chinese postdoctoral foundationa grand from the National Institute of Drug Abuse, USA (DA 03983)
文摘In the present study we have found that proto-oncogene c-fos protein can expressin the noradrenergic neurons of rat hindbrain following peripheral electrical stimulation. Ratswere given peripheral electrical stimulation via thin stainless steel pins inserted into the pointsnear knee joint (S36) and ankle joint (Sp6) which mimic the manipulation of electroacupuncture(EA) performed in humans. Animals were perfused for double staining immunohistochemistry 2hafter the termination of EA. In rats subjected to EA stimulation Fos-like protein was found in thetyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactive neurons in rat hindbrain. The Fos and TH coex-isting neurons were distributed in the locus coeruleus, solitary tract nucleus, ventrolateral medul-la, periaqeductal gray, as well as superior colliculus. The percentage of the coexisting neuronscompared with the total number of neurons containing Fos-like protein in these nuclei rangedfrom 6% to 32%. The results suggest that the noradrenergic neurons in these regions may be ac-tivted by acupuncture stimulation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0801000)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010396)the Science and Technology。
文摘The hindbrain,which develops from the anterior end of the neural tube expansion,can differentiate into the metencephalon and myelencephalon,with varying sizes and functions.The midbrain–hindbrain boundary(MHB)and hindbrain myelencephalon/ventral midline(HMVM)are known to be the source of the progenitors for the anterior hindbrain and myelencephalon,respectively.However,the molecular networks regulating hindbrain morphogenesis in these structures remain unclear.In this study,we show that retinoblastoma 1(rb1)is highly expressed at the MHB and HMVM in zebrafish.Knocking out rb1 in mice and zebrafish results in an enlarged hindbrain due to hindbrain neuronal hyperproliferation.Further study reveals that Rb1 controls the hindbrain morphogenesis by suppressing the expression of Gbx1/Gbx2,essential transcription factors for hindbrain development,through its binding to E2f3/Hdac1,respectively.Interestingly,we find that Gbx1 and Gbx2 are expressed in different types of hindbrain neurons,suggesting distinct roles in hindbrain morphogenesis.In summary,our study clarifies the specific role of RB1 in hindbrain neural cell proliferation and morphogenesis by regulating the E2f3–Gbx1 axis and the Hdac1–Gbx2 axis.These findings provide a research paradigm for exploring the differential proliferation of neurons in various brain regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970365)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(073205109)+1 种基金Hydrobiology funding(S30701)a grant from the Excellent Graduate Students Theses Cultivation Program of Shanghai Municipality,China
文摘Objective The passive electrosense is a primitive sensory modality in the Chondrostei, which include sturgeon and paddlefish. Using electroreceptors, these fish detect the weak electric fields from other animals or geoelectric sources, and use this information for prey detection or other behaviors. The primary afferent fibers innervating the electroreceptors project to a single hindbrain target called the dorsal octavolateral nucleus （DON）, where the electrosensory information is first processed. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of DON neurons. Methods Extracellular recording was used to investigate the response properties of DON neurons to dipole electric fields with different amplitudes and frequencies in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Results The DON neurons showed regular spontaneous activity and could be classified into two types： neurons with a low spontaneous rate （〈10 Hz） and those with a high spon- taneous rate （〉10 Hz）. In response to sinusoidal electric field stimuli, DON neurons showed sinusoidally-modulated and phase-locked firing. In addition, neurons showed opposite phase responses corresponding to the different directions of the dipole. Conclusion The response properties of DON neurons match the electrosensory biological function in sturgeon, as they match the characteristics of the electric fields of its prey.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970365)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(073205109)by hydrobiology funding project S30701 and the Excellent Graduate Students Theses Cultivation Program of Shang-hai Municipality.
文摘The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,which are thought to be sensitive to weak electric fields in aquatic environments and involved in feeding,mating and migration.Here,we report the results of a set of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments designed to determine the function and characteristics of the electrosense in cultured sturgeons.The results showed Sibe-rian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869)feeding striking at bio-electric fields produced by living feed-fish enclosed in a gel chamber and at the corrosion field produced by metal rods.With an electric stimulus that mim-ics the bio-electric fields produced by living prey,the relative discharge rate of electrosensory neurons in the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus(DON)was modulated by and phase-locked to sinusoidal stimulus and some units showed selectivity for dipolar direction in white sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus Richardson,1836).This is the first study to provide the empirical evidence correlating with electrosensory behaviors and electrophysiolog-ical responses in cultured sturgeons,and suggesting that electrosense does play an innate role in feeding behav-ior of sturgeon.We believe this will have important implications for protecting sturgeons in the wild.
