Efficacy of Yiqi Fumai (Freeze-Dried Powder) on Ischemic Diastolic Heart Failure

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant

Component Analysis of Shuanghuanglian Freeze-dried Powder and Its Effects on Human Hepatocyte Function when Combined with Cefradine

[Objectives]To detect the contents of components in Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and to explore the effects of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and its components on human hepatocytes(HL-7702)alone or in combination with cefradine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to detect the contents of baicalin,wogonin,chlorogenic acid and forsythin,the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder.HL-7702 cells were cultured with Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder alone or in combination with cefradine.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the cell supernatant after culture,and HPLC was used to detect the expression level of adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP);agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in HL-7702 cells.[Results]In Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection,the content of baicalin was the highest,and the content of wogonin was the lowest.Compared with the control group,the expressions of AST and ALT in human hepatocytes(HL-7702)in high-dose baicalin group,forsythin group and wogonin group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of ALT in chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of AST had no significant difference(P>0.05);the results in the low-dose group were similar to those in the high-dose group.Compared with the control group,ATP expression in chlorogenic acid group,chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)in the high-dose group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and ADP expression was not significantly different(P>0.05);in the low-dose group,the expression of ATP and ADP increased in baicalin group(P<0.05),but decreased in wogonin group,baicalin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and wogonin group+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expressions of COX-2 and HO-1 in HL-7702 cells in the cefradine group showed no significant difference(P>0.05).The expression of HO-1 and COX-2 in the different dose groups of Shuanghuanglian and the group combined with cefradine increased,and the difference was significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]The components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection had effects on hepatocytes,of which baicalin had a significant effect,and the effect of cefradine on hepatocytes was increased when used in combination with cefradine.

Preparation technology of ultra-fine powders of Auricularia auricular

Conventional mechanical method and mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying technology were used to make the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus (Auricularia auricular). The content of basic nutrients, amino acid, micro structure and their properties of raw edible fungus and the edible fungus powders obtained with the two methods were analyzed and compared. The granularity size and micro-structure of the pulverized samples were analyzed by SEM and TEM technology. The average granularity size of the edible fungus powder obtained with mechanical method was 1–5 μm, while that obtained with mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying process was 0.5–1 μm. The ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the two methods had better water recovery capability and quality, and their preserving time was longer than that of raw edible fungus. All the properties of the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the vacuum freeze-drying technology were evidently superior to that of the conventional mechanical method. Keywords Auricularia auricula - Edible fungus - Ultra-fine powders - Vacuum freeze-drying CLC number TS205 Document code B Biography: YANG Chun-yu (1975), female, Ph. D. in Engineering Technology Center of Forestry and Wood Workine, Machinery, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Technological Study on Instant Date Powder in Natural Ziziphus jujuba through Vacuum Freeze-drying

[Objective] The aim was to get optimized conditions for date powder with good color and taste.[Method] The pectinase enzymolysis and vacuum freeze-drying technology were used in the extract process of date powder.[Result] The production boasts of superior quality were with rich fragrance and uniform particle under certain process conditions.The optimized conditions for pectinase enzymolysis were:the amount of pectinase reached to 0.1% of that of date syrup,enzymolysis temperature and time were 50 ℃ and 50 min respectively,the pH value was 4.0.The optimized conditions for vaccum freeze-drying were:10% altodextrin,three times volumn of water with the thickness of 7 mm.[Conclusion] The optimized conditions were obtained in this study to produce instant date powder from Ziziphus jujuba.

水蛭冻干粉与微粉的研究进展

水蛭是目前常用的活血化瘀药,其体内含有较高的抗凝血酶活性物质以及多种活性成分,从《神农本草经》开始记载使用,至今已有2000余年的历史,在医学领域有着广阔的应用实践和发展前景。近年来随着对水蛭研究的不断深入,对其药理药效的研究和实践应用的探索越来越多,而水蛭一些有效成分的不耐热性问题和对药材饮片质量提升等方面也越来越被重视,为解决这些矛盾,在炮制方式和药材饮片呈现形式也不断改进创新,水蛭冻干粉和微粉等新型饮片形式应运而生,目前已经在市场上广泛流通并受到认可。本文对水蛭冻干粉及微粉的研究成果进行综述,为水蛭冻干粉及微粉的进一步研究和使用提供参考。

High-concentration dispersions of exfoliated MoS2 sheets stabilized by freeze-dried silk fibroin powder

Liquid-phase exfoliation （LPE） is an attractive method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 sheets compared to chemical vapor deposition and mechanical cleavage. However, the MoS2 nanosheet yield from LPE is too small for practical applications. We report a facile method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets using freeze-dried silk fibroin powders. Compared to MoS2 dispersion in the absence of silk fibroin powder, sonicated MoS2 dispersions with silk fibroin powder （MoSJSilk dispersion） show noticeably higher exfoliated MoS2 nanosheet yields, with suspended MoS2 concentrations in MoS2/Silk dispersions sonicated for 2 and 5 h of 1.03 and 1.39 mg.mL-1, respectively. The MoS2 concentration in the MoS2/Silk dispersion after centrifugation above 10,000 rpm is more than four times that without the silk fibroin. The size of the dispersed silk fibroin is controlled by the change of centrifugation rate, showing the removal of silk fibroin above tens of micrometers in size after centrifugation at 2,000 rpm. Size-controlled silk fibroin biomolecules combined with MoS2 nanosheets are expected to increase the practical use of such materials in fields related to tissue engineering, biosensors and electrochemical electrodes. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy provide the height of the MoS2 nanosheets spin-cast from MoS2/Silk dispersions, showing thicknesses of 3--6 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the outermost surface layer of the hydrophobic MoS2 crystals interact with oxygen-containing functional groups that exist in the hydrophobic part of silk fibroins. The amphiphilic properties of silk fibroin combined with the MoS2 nanosheets stabilize dispersions by enhancing solvent-material interactions. The large quantities of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets suspended in the as-synthesized dispersions can be utilized for the fabrication of vapor and electrochemical devices requiring high MoS2 nanosheets contents.

水蛭粉治疗慢性肾病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨水蛭粉治疗慢性肾病患者的临床疗效。方法:以2016年1月-2017年11月于我院肾病科接受治疗的68例慢性肾病患者为研究对象,随机分成两组,每组34例。对照组采用基础治疗方式进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予患者实施水蛭粉治疗。治疗4周,比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后肾功能指标水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率(73.53%)高于对照组(26.47%),差异显著(P <0.05);与治疗前相比,观察组血肌酐水平明显降低,且低于对照组,差异显著(P <0.05);两组患者治疗前后组内及组间的24h尿蛋白定量比较,差异不显著(P> 0.05)。结论:水蛭粉能够有效改善慢性肾病患者的肾功能,且临床疗效显著,在慢性肾病中医治疗中推广价值高。

水蛭粉联合羟基脲治疗原发性血小板增多症临床研究

目的:观察水蛭粉联合羟基脲治疗原发性血小板增多症的临床疗效。方法:将58例患者随机分为羟基脲组20例、联合组20例和水蛭组18例。羟基尿组给予羟基尿片,水蛭组给予水蛭粉,联合组给予羟基尿片及水蛭粉。结果:联合组有效率为90.0%,羟基脲组有效率为85.0%,水蛭组有效率为55.6%,与羟基脲组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组均能改善血小板聚集的情况,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组治疗后血液黏度均较治疗前有所改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:水蛭粉联合羟基脲治疗原发性血小板增多症疗效显著,能够减少血小板聚集,预防出血及血栓的形成。

Luminescence properties of nitrogen-rich Ca-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors prepared by freeze-drying assisted combustion synthesis

Nitrogen-rich Eu2+-doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors(Cam/2-xSi12-m-nAlm+nOnN16-n:xEu) were synthesized by a freeze-drying assisted combustion synthesis(CS) route. Fast-synthesized products with high purity and uniform particle morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The analysis of lattice parameters by comparison with empirical equations showed that the as-prepared phosphors had low oxygen content. A series of samples were prepared according to the stoichiometry of Cam/2-0.08Si12-mAlmN16:0.08 Eu for further research. The influences of m value on the luminescence properties were investigated in detail. As m increased, a redshift phenomenon was observed in both the excitation and emission spectra. First-principle electronic structure calculations showed that the 3d energy level of Ca played an important role in the occurrence of the redshift phenomenon.

日本医蛭冻干粉的质量标准研究

目的:建立日本医蛭(水蛭)冻干粉(简称"冻干粉")的质量标准,为控制其质量提供参考。方法:取3批冻干粉,按照2015年版《中国药典》(一部)(简称"药典")水蛭项下要求对冻干粉进行鉴别、检查和抗凝血霉素活性分析;通过最大耐受量(MTD)实验来考察其毒性;通过设计温度、湿度和强光照射试验来考察其稳定性。结果:供试品薄层色谱中,在与对照药材色谱的相应位置显相同的紫红色斑点,紫外光灯(365 nm波长)下显相同的橙红色荧光斑点。3批样品的平均水分含量为2.61%、总灰分含量为2.83%、酸不溶性灰分含量为0.38%、p H为6.92、黄曲霉毒素总量为0.28μg/kg、抗凝血酶活性为257.0 U/g,除汞元素含量略高于药典水蛭项下限量外,铅、镉、砷、铜元素含量均符合药典规定。MTD实验结果显示,给予以生药量计26.4 g/kg的冻干粉后小鼠未出现死亡及不良反应,此剂量为药典规定最大用量的58倍。在20、40℃和强光[(4 500±500)Lx]照射条件下,冻干粉的抗凝血酶活性随着贮藏时间的延长均明显下降,在4℃条件下保存6个月其抗凝血酶活性仍符合药典要求;在高湿(相对湿度为90%、75%)条件下,冻干粉的吸湿性极强。结论:本研究按照药典标准对日本水蛭冻干粉建立了一套系统的质量评价标准,可用于其质量控制。

水蛭粉治疗慢性肾病的临床疗效观察

目的讨论并分析对慢性肾病患者施用水蛭粉治疗的效果。方法将医院60名慢性肾病患者随机分为两组,对照组进行基础治疗,即给予患者低盐低脂低蛋白饮食、运动指导、血压控制、维持水电解质平衡等,观察组在对照组基础上加行水蛭粉治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后肾功能指标水平变化情况以及疗效。结果治疗前两组患者肾功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组患者的肾功能指标均有所下降,其中观察组患者血肌酐水平下降程度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组患者24h尿蛋白定量水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对慢性肾病患者进行水蛭粉治疗,可明显改善其肾功能,疗效十分显著。

水蛭粉的真空微波干燥工艺筛选

目的筛选水蛭粉的最佳真空微波干燥工艺。方法采用五因素三水平的正交实验,以水蛭粉抗凝血酶活性单位和水分为量化考察指标,筛选水蛭粉的最佳干燥工艺。结果筛选的最佳真空微波干燥工艺为,干燥温度50℃,真空度0.9 MPa,干燥时间40 min,升温速度1℃/min,水蛭粉平辅厚度约2 cm(即每个烘盘装水蛭粉约1 kg)。结论筛选的最佳干燥工艺适用于水蛭粉的真空微波干燥工序。

Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Sponge Cake Supplemented with Hot Air and Freeze Dried Oyster Mushroom (<i>Pleurotus sajor-caju</i>)

The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju). In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of cake supplemented with five different levels of mushroom powder (0 as control, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 12%) were evaluated. The results revealed that both hot air dried (HD) and freeze dried (FD) mushroom powder contained a higher amount of protein, fat, ash and fiber ontent compared with wheat flour used in cake, but the carbohydrate and moisture content showed the reverse trend. The study also found that increasing the level of fortification from 0% to 12% mushroom powder also increased the protein, fat, ash, and fiber content in the cake. FD mushroom powder significantly (p ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest protein (11.72% - 15.16%), fat (20.01% - 21.9%), ash (1.75% - 1.92%), and fiber (1.39% - 1.74%) with increasing the level of supplementation from 5% - 12%. In contrast, carbohydrate content of cake decreased from 34.13% - 31.15% with increasing the level of FD mushroom from 5% - 12%. Also, the volume and weight of the cake with FD mushroom were higher compared to HD and control sample. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that sponge cake with 10% FD oyster mushroom was rated the most acceptable after the control.

水蛭冻干粉对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织损伤的保护作用

目的探讨水蛭冻干粉对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织损伤的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机选取8只作为对照组,其余大鼠给予高脂饲料喂养联合ip链脲佐菌素(35mg/kg)建立糖尿病肾病模型,成模大鼠随机分为模型组及水蛭冻干粉低、中、高剂量(0.3、0.6、1.2 g/kg)组。给药16周后,检测大鼠24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h urinary microalbumin,24 h-mALB)、空腹血糖、尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(creatinine,Scr)水平和肾质量/体质量;采用TBA法和羟胺法测定大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平;采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和单核细胞趋化因子-1(monocyte chemokine-1,MCP-1)水平;Western blotting法检测大鼠肾组织Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2/信号转导和转录激活子1、3(janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription1、3,JAK2/STAT1/STAT3)通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠24 h-mALB、空腹血糖、肾功能(BUN、Scr)、肾质量/体质量指标均显著升高(P<0.01),血清MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β和MCP-1水平显著增加(P<0.01),SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01),肾组织JAK2/STAT1/STAT3通路被激活(P<0.05、0.01)。与模型组比较,水蛭冻干粉组大鼠24 h-mALB排泄降低(P<0.01),肾功能(BUN、Scr)、肾质量/体质量改善(P<0.05、0.01),氧化损伤减轻(P<0.05、0.01),血清炎症因子水平下降(P<0.05、0.01),肾组织JAK2/STAT1/STAT3通路被抑制(P<0.05、0.01)。结论水蛭冻干粉可能通过抑制糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激及炎症因子的产生,抑制肾组织JAK2/STAT1/STAT3信号通路活化,从而降低m ALB排泄,改善肾功能,进而发挥肾脏保护作用。

脑出血后凝血酶与脑水肿关系及水蛭粉的疗效

目的 探讨凝血酶在脑出血后脑水肿形成机制中的作用以及水蛭粉治疗脑水肿的疗效。方法 分别制作大鼠自体全血、凝血酶、肝素抗凝血、生理盐水及假手术脑血肿模型 ,观察不同时间血肿周围脑组织含水量 ,Na+ 、K+ 含量的变化以及病理改变 ;并观察水蛭粉 (2 5 0mg/kg口服 ,每天 2次 ,治疗 5d)治疗脑水肿的疗效。结果 大鼠脑内注射全血或凝血酶后 ,脑组织的含水量、电解质含量的变化相一致 ;在 2 4h时 ,脑水含量、Na+ 含量较其它 3组高 ,而K+ 含量则较低 (P <0 0 5 )。水蛭粉治疗后脑水含量、Na+ 、Ca2 + 含量较对照组降低 ,而K+ 含量升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 凝血酶可能在脑出血后脑水肿形成机制中起重要作用 ;水蛭粉对大鼠全血和凝血酶导致脑水肿有显著影响。

水蛭冻干粉的急性毒性及对急性血淤证大鼠的治疗作用

目的评价水蛭冻干粉的急性毒性,比较水蛭冻干粉及水蛭饮片对急性血淤证大鼠的作用。方法采用最大给药量实验评价水蛭冻干粉的急性毒性;将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阿司匹林组(31.25 mg·kg^(-1))、宽体金线蛭冻干粉和日本医蛭冻干粉高、中、低剂量组(0.3125、0.2083、0.1042 g·kg^(-1))、宽体金线蛭和日本医蛭饮片组(0.3125 g·kg^(-1)),连续灌胃14 d,于第13天复制急性血淤大鼠模型,分别考察水蛭冻干粉对大鼠凝血功能、血液流变学、血小板指标、氧化应激水平的影响,观察大鼠心、肺组织病理情况,并对给药组的治疗效果进行聚类分析。结果宽体金线蛭冻干粉和日本医蛭冻干粉给药剂量分别达到临床成人安全剂量的56、68倍时,未出现急性毒性现象。与模型组比较,阿司匹林、水蛭冻干粉能显著改善大鼠的凝血功能、血液流变学、血小板指标、氧化应激水平,能改善心、肺炎性细胞浸润、纤维增生等状况。聚类分析结果显示:相同剂量下,水蛭冻干粉的治疗效果优于水蛭饮片,其中,日本医蛭冻干粉与阿司匹林无显著性差异。结论水蛭冻干粉无严重急性中毒的危险,与水蛭饮片比较,可显著改善急性血淤证大鼠的凝血功能、血液流变学、血小板指标、氧化应激水平及心肺病理损伤程度。

干燥对煮散颗粒粉体学特性的影响

目的:考察药材含水量对煮散颗粒粉体学特性的影响。方法:采用筛分法测定煮散颗粒的粒径分布,量筒法测定堆积密度和振实密度,固定漏斗法测定休止角,观察外观性状,考察含水量对煮散颗粒的粉体学特性的影响。结果:采用低温干燥法,设定干燥温度60℃。当干姜、炙甘草、火单苦杏仁、水蛭含水量依次控制约11%,8%,12%,5%时,制备的煮散颗粒粒径分布、流动性及外观性状均较好。结论:中药饮片含水量对煮散颗粒的粉体学特性参数具有重要影响,适度干燥处理有助于制备粉体学特性较好的煮散颗粒。