唯物史观视阈下“理性工具化”问题探析

“理性工具化”问题是霍克海默为西方理性传统的“消蚀”提出的应对之道,进而重建理性权威的入手点。从“理性工具化”到“工具理性”,经历了施密特翻译和哈贝马斯阐释创造的过程。霍克海默对“理性工具化”问题的诊断在于片面化的启蒙精神,抽象了理性的丰富性,仅仅保存了被工具化的理性的启蒙。在唯物史观视阈下,解决“理性之蚀”的思路无非是以“社会批判”超越“理性批判”,但“社会批判”毕竟无法代劳实际的社会变革。在社会主义市场经济条件下,解决“理性工具化”问题的正确方式,在于合理利用理性,进而解决资本治理难题,走出资本治理困境,开拓出新的发展方式和生活方式。

A Social-historical Analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's Richard Cory

This article makes a brief analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's famous poem Richard Cory from social-historical perspective. It is discussed that this poem reflects the spiritual life of the author's contemporary people.

基于生态翻译学角度分析南宁历史文化街区“三街两巷”翻译文本

每个地方都有其独特的文化内涵和底蕴,其中还包含了丰富的传统。广西壮族自治区的首府南宁,不仅是一座历史文化底蕴深厚的城市,还拥有许多重要的标志性建筑,如南宁三街两巷中历史感厚重的仓西门、再如供人们上香祭拜的城隍庙、以及记载着邓颖超同志传奇一生的邓颖超纪念馆等等。近年来,南宁政府对此历史文化街区进行了保护和修整,以及在南宁政府的大力外宣下,该历史文化街区的知名度也在不断提高,因此,本文旨在运用胡庚申先生的生态翻译学理论,分析老南宁三街两巷历史文化街区宣传材料的英译情况,并对其英文宣传材料的可行性进行研究,通过分析研究继续宣传古南宁三街两巷历史文化街区,寻找最有效的宣传方法。

Potential control of climatic changes on flood events in the Yangtze Delta during1100-2002

Wide collection on the historic records of the climatic changes and flood events is performed in the Yangtze Delta. Man-Kendall (MK) method is applied to explore the changing trends of the time series of the flood discharge and the maximum high summer temperature. The research results indicate that the flood magnitudes increased during the transition from the medieval warm interval into the early Little Ice Age. Fluctuating climate changes of the Little Ice Age characterized by arid climate events followed by the humid and cold climate conditions give rise to the frequent flood hazards. Low-lying terrain made the study region prone to the flood hazards, storm tide and typhoon. MK analysis reveals that the jumping point of the time series of the flood discharge changes occurred in the mid-1960s, that of the maximum summer temperature changes in the mid-1990s, and the exact jump point in 1993. The flood discharge changes are on negative trend before the 1990s, they are on positive tendency after the 1990s; the maximum high summer temperature changes are on negative trend before the 1990s and on positive tendency after the 1990s. These results indicate that the trend of flood discharge matches that of the maximum high summer temperature in the Yangtze Delta. The occurrence probability of the maximum high summer temperature will be increasing under the climatic warming scenario and which will in turn increase the occurrence probability of the flood events. More active solar action epochs and the higher sea surface temperature index (SST index) of the south Pacific Ocean area lying between 4 o N-4 o S and 150 o W-90 o W correspond to increased annual precipitation, flood discharge and occurrence frequency of floods in the Yangtze Delta. This is partly because the intensified solar activities and the higher SST index give rise to accelerated hydrological circulation from ocean surface to the continent, resulting in increased precipitation on the continent.

Ancient Materials and Substitution Materials Used in Thai Historical Masonry Structure Preservation

The historical structures of Thailand are some of the most fascinating ancient sites in Asia.Their architectures reveal past cultures,traditions,knowledge,and expertise.Masonry materials are the major materials used to construct the historical structures in Thailand.One of the essential problem of Thai historical structure preservation is a shortage of engineering properties data for the structural stability assessment.Moreover,the in-depth engineering properties and the suitable substitution materials for Thai historical preservation are rarely found.Therefore,the engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials have to be explored together with the development of suitable substitute materials.This paper presents the physical and engineering properties of ancient materials and substitution materials for the preservation of Thailand’s historical structures.The ancient materials,including brick and mortar,are collected from historical places in the Bangkok and Ayutthaya Provinces.The physical and engineering properties of the masonry materials,such as the chemical composition,mineralogical composition,density,porosity,absorption,water vapor transmission,compressive strength,and modulus of elasticity,were evaluated in the laboratory.Fly ash was used as a pozzolanic material to partially replace the slaked lime to restore the historical mortar.The binder to sand ratio was controlled at 1:3 by weight.The slaked lime was substituted by fly ash at the rates of 10–30%by weight of binder.The engineering properties of the substitution mortars were also evaluated and compared with the ancient masonry materials.A masonry prism was also constructed to evaluate the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the masonry structures.The physical and engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials obtained in this study can be included in a database for the preservation of Thailand’s historical masonry structures.The use of fly ash to partially replace the slaked lime could decrease the setting time and increase the compressive strength of historical repair mortar.The empirical equation obtained from this study could be used to predict the compressive strength of the masonry prisms of Thailand’s historical structures.

Study on Properties of Blue-Brick Masonry Materials for Historical Buildings

There are a large number of historic buildings which were mainly made of blue-brick masonry in today’s world.However,for the natural and man-made reasons,these historic buildings have been damaged in different degrees.In order to protect historic buildings more scientifically and learn about the preservation state of existing historic buildings,it is necessary to ascertain the material properties of blue brick in historic buildings.The article takes the blue bricks of historical buildings in Kaifeng area of the Central Plains as an example to study.Through the analysis of physical properties,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of blue brick specimens,the physical properties such as the apparent density,moisture content,porosity,and material structure composition are understood.The results show that the apparent density of blue brick is 1.64 g/cm^(3),the moisture content is 10.23%,the 24 h atmospheric water absorption is 17.86%,and the porosity is 20.99%.The smaller the apparent density is,the larger the porosity is,and the water absorption performance is better.From the microscopic point of view,bonding ability between blue brick mineral particles is relatively weak.The pores between skeletons are large and the pore structure is obvious.From the perspective of material phase,the elements of blue brick are mainly O,Si,Al,Fe,and the composition of blue brick is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar.The softening coefficient of blue brick is 0.80,and the deformation and stability of the structure should be paid special attention in the rainy season or wet environment.Through the frost test,there are salt substances in the internal pores of the brick,and the surface of the blue brick is eroded and pulverized.In this paper,the experimental process and analysis methods for testing the material properties of blue brick can provide reference for the research on the material properties of the same kind of blue-brick masonry in historic buildings and masonry relics.The relevant material property parameters obtained in this paper can provide guidance for making protection schemes and scientific repairs for historic buildings in Central China,enrich the evaluation criteria for maintaining and reinforcing historic buildings,and provide theoretical support for studying the damage and health detection technology related to historic buildings.

Mapping a Paleodrainage System of the Keriya River Using Remote Sensing Data and Historical Materials

Keriya River, one of the ancient Four Green Corridors in the Tarim Basin, recording the changes of climate-environment and the ancient Silk Road of the region. According to the archaeological data, historical materials and paleoclimates information, its eeo-environment and climate have taken great changes since the 1.09 Ma B.P, especially during the recent 2,000 years, many famous ancient cities having been abandoned and the south route of the Silk Road has been moved southward. This study illustrates the capability of the remote sensing data （radar data, topographic data and optical images） and historical materials, in mapping the ancient drainage networks. A major paleodrainage system of Keriya River has linked the Kunlun Mountains to the Tienshan Mountains, possibly as far back as the early Pleistocene. The Keriya River will have important implications for not only the understanding of the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Tarim Basin from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene, but also the changes of the Silk Road.

图书馆史研究与编纂的历史逻辑

文章以历史观为出发点,在前人有关图书馆史研究与编纂研究的基础上,提出史料、史迹、史境、史脉、史识的历史逻辑理论;以中山大学图书馆百年馆史研究与编纂的实践为案例,从立足史料、呈现史迹、再现史境、传承史脉、端正史识五个方面系统阐释“五史”理论在实践中的具体运用,助益新时代图书馆史研究与图书馆史志编纂发展。

The Application of Historical Materials Teaching Method in High School History Class

In the new curriculum reform, historical materials teaching method is becoming more and more important in middle school history teaching. This article is the analysis of materials in two aspects. This paper analyzes the practical signi??cance of historical materials teaching, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the teaching of historical materials. Through the analysis of some teaching cases, it can provide practical experience for the better use of historical materials in the later period.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

中国音乐史研究对音乐史料学的依赖——中国音乐史学问题思索之七

“史料”是据以为研究或讨论历史时的根据材料。史料学是研究史料的源流、价值和利用方法的学科,它是历史学的辅助学科,同考古学、文字学、档案学等均有密切关系。中国音乐史料是研究中国音乐史所需要的各种资料。中国音乐学史料繁多,根据不同标准可以划分为不同类型。音乐史料学主要从事史料搜集、校勘、考订和编纂,把价值不同的史料区别开来,把正确的记载和错误的记载区别开来,并确定史料的绝对年代和相对年代。音乐史料可以分为“实物史料”“口传史料”和“文字史料”等。中国音乐史研究必须依赖音乐史料学的研究成果,把记载正确的音乐史料和存在错误记载的材料区别开来,确定音乐史料的绝对年代和相对年代,正确利用音乐史料,还原中国历史进程中正确的音乐历史事实。

中国式现代化的道德进步及其论证

现代化既是一个具有历史确定性的命题实践,又是一个关涉价值认知的实践命题。对该命题的道德论证,涉及前提批判、过程反思、结果评估;对该命题的进步论证,涉及横向类型和纵向历史的双向比较。中国式现代化或许就是这样一种道德进步的现代化方案,它不仅在同资本主义现代化和传统现代化比的对之中显扬,也在唯物史观的社会形态演进链和人类道德历史序列之中开显。具体来说,中国式现代化既遵循现代化发展的普遍性原则,又体现中国发展的特殊性,以“人民至上”为价值前提,消弭“物的现代化”与“主客颠倒”困境,以“公平正义”为执行原则,规避“资本不公”问题,开创更接近人的解放状态的人类文明形态,彰显符合“真正人的道德”的道德进步。道德进步现象奠基于底层伦理逻辑,中国式现代化建基于“以人民为中心”的政党伦理与“独立自主”的实践伦理,从而开辟一条摆脱现代化普遍主义幻境与独断伦理困局的自主实践道路,构筑了世界现代化的先进范例。

构建科学完备的中华民族共同体理论体系三重逻辑:历史、实践与价值

中华民族共同体理论体系作为马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果,既坚持了马克思主义的基本立场、观点和方法,又立足于中华民族的历史发展和时代发展,实现了中华民族建设理论与中华民族现代国家建设理论的创新。其构建过程,就是我们党对马克思主义主动选择、不断发展并与时俱进的过程,蕴含着深刻的历史、实践、价值逻辑。从历史逻辑、实践逻辑、价值逻辑三个维度,对中华民族共同体理论体系进行多维度的探讨并结合时代背景予以考察,不仅能够明确中华民族共同体理论对于西方民族理论的批判和超越,还能够深刻阐释中华民族共同体理论对于构建人类命运共同体的现实意义。

“前车之鉴”对教育数字化的启迪

出于对追赶世界一流的渴盼,近代中国长期不懈地关注器物文明。对这种历史实践的反思有助于教育数字化的健康发展。其一,明确教育数字化的指导理念,体用统一而中和,融洽共生而相互作用。教育数字化不应只关注表层的“用”,更应关注内核的“体”,即教育技术文化的进步,由此才能触发深层次的教育变革;其二,应走出技术决定论和物本发展观的误区,认识到物只是发展条件,技术本无力承担变革教育的重任,人的开悟才是影响教育发展的核心因素;其三,教育数字化应树立物与人辩证统一的协调发展观,主要包括发展的主要矛盾与次要矛盾的统一、发展平衡与不平衡的统一以及发展短板与潜力的统一。借助上述的历史启迪,人们能够更为警醒地认识当前教育数字化面临的问题,以便有效地探索其发展道路。

档案史料的活化与民族叙事的创新

作为民族叙事不可或缺的素材,档案史料扮演着再现民族记忆的历史视窗角色、传承民族传统的文化载体角色、维系民族认同的社会纽带角色、保障民族权益的法律依据角色。为激活档案史料的价值和功能,文章提出了在思想意识层面更新档案史料的传统观念,从空间再生角度改造古代档案建筑的性质功能,借助数字技术方法优化档案史料的物理形态,通过科教实践应用档案史料的信息内容四条路径。这有助于拓展民族叙事理念的人文面向,深化民族叙事内容的历史深度,提升民族叙事传播的社会活力。

基于口述历史资源的名人历史事件语义模型构建及实证研究

[目的/意义]口述历史资源具有重要的史料价值和精神价值,具有跨图书馆、档案馆、博物馆、科技馆等多领域的异构资源特征,由口述历史资源析出的名人历史事件,其“自下而上”研究历史的新途径,受到了历史、档案、图情领域的普遍重视。事件的知识组织与应用一直是知识处理的重点和难点问题,而在数字人文视角下,名人历史事件的知识化是对名人特藏资源进行知识重组、价值挖掘和叙事展演的重要基础。[方法/过程]在前人研究的基础上,本文对名人历史事件的内涵、特征和应用需求进行了总结与分析,构建了名人历史事件语义模型,并以科学家李政道和其创办CUSPEA事件为例进行语义模型的实例化构建。[结果/结论]在名人历史事件语义模型基础上所建设的图数据库,能够形成更具灵活性、细粒度、可扩展、相关联的实体关系和知识,实现不同类型的用户对名人特色资源进行语义级查询、主题性聚合、叙事化展示和可视化呈现的知识表示。

马克思的历史观与哲学变革

历史观是马克思最具原创性贡献的领域之一,唯物史观就是马克思的哲学或马克思主义哲学。唯物史观诞生以前,一切哲学在历史观上都受困于“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”。而“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”,源自人类实践的具体历史形式--分工,特别是物质生产与精神生产的分工以及职业精神生产者的出现和扩大。唯物史观的创立,终结了观念决定历史的神话、超历史的历史哲学的神话、历史宿命论的神话,开辟了一种崭新的哲学图景。坚持和发展唯物史观,应摈弃从观念到观念、从文献到文献、从概念到概念的研究范式,从实践的不同历史形态的变化入手,展开活的历史研究。

“文明以止,人文化成”与“人的自由而全面发展”的内在契合性

文明以止,人文化成,是中华文明最具特色的文化基因。这一基因携带着中华文明传承的主要特征和基本功能的核心信息,决定着中华文明生命体的基本构造和基本走向,与历史唯物主义能动地结合,谱写了历史唯物主义的新篇章。历史唯物主义的创新性发展在于创造了具有确定内涵的“文明新形态”,将经济、政治、社会、文化与生态融为一体,将物质生产活动、精神生产活动与制度生产活动融为一体,创造性地传承中华文明“人文化成”的优秀遗产,为真正全面地占有“人的本质”,实现每个人自由而全面的发展提供了符合中国历史与现实的具体方案,开辟了切实可行的路径。

历史唯物主义语境中的精神政治学批判

在理论谱系上,韩炳哲的“精神政治学”思想承接福柯的“生命政治学”,生命政治学是表达工业资本主义治理的概念,精神政治学则是当前数字化资本主义的治理技术。精神政治学发明了“情感工业”“功绩社会”“自我剥削”三大治理手段,使资本主义实现更深层的社会控制与剥削。但韩炳哲对精神政治学的批判,没有为走出资本主义提供现实性的方案,他反倒认为革命在今天是不可能的。借助于詹明信的“认知测绘”视角,可见韩炳哲的革命悲观意识缘于其“批判”缺少严格的认识论维度,致使其深陷新自由主义的意识形态迷雾,无法划定出重建主体性及其与社会整体之间关系的正确方向。而鉴于“认知测绘”被詹明信归结为一种美学批判或文化政治的策略,其理论仍然具有乌托邦性质。为此,回到马克思主义的生产范式,以“认知测绘”重建历史唯物主义的批判方法,反思精神政治学批判的局限性,不失为一条可以尝试的道路。

发展新质生产力的时代背景及学理研究

发展新质生产力,是习近平总书记基于新时代高质量发展成就以及制约高质量发展因素提出的新的生产力理论,是中国应对内外环境变化,推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。科学技术进步周期与生产力发展之间具有密切关系,科学技术创新对生产力要素结构、生产力组织形态、生产力运行机理和经济发展态势,都会产生深刻影响。新质生产力的“新”在于通过对马克思生产力决定生产关系的唯物主义社会发展观的创新运用,探究新质生产力的发展路向和表现形态。通过分析我国对历次科学技术进步周期的把握程度与高质量发展面临的挑战,探寻新质生产力破解挑战的路径与机制,发现通过技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置以及产业深度转型升级而催生的新质生产力,展现出对高质量发展的强劲推动力和支撑力,能够突破我国高质量发展瓶颈,开辟我国高质量发展新境界。