Marx’s Theory of World History Explained: Basic Connotations and Contemporary Context

Marx’s theory of world history is an important part of his materialist conception of history(i.e., historical materialism). Marx and Engels summarized the evolution of social history and the laws behind it based on their observations and analyses of human activities and their material conditions in real life and raised the realistic possibility of “transformation of history into world history” in the future. From the Marxist perspective of world history, we attempt to catch a glimpse of his profound, scientific criticism of capitalism and understand the contemporaneity and supercontemporaneity of Marxism. Also, we try to perceive new issues of our time and develop a new theory grounded in the scientific, rational, and universal insights from Marxism. The study of Marx’s theory of world history and criticism of capitalism can help understand today’s major issues such as globalization and anti-globalization. In short, Marx’s theory of world history is of profound theoretical and practical significance.

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

A generally forgotten means of observing the developmental stages of scientific psychology is the study of maze devices. Considered in ancient times as a symbol of the process of moving in the direction of knowledge, the labyrinth, or maze, was at the centre of psychologists’ attention from the end of the 19th century. The current paper aims to reconstruct the history of the early years of maze learning, starting from the original interests of the experimenters in brain physiology or in mental evolution, and to examine how the experiments they designed continued to be important in the general theory of learning throughout the 20th century: maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. At the beginning of the 21st century the question has become: what parts of the brain are used for spatial learning and memory, as shown by the Morris water maze, which is very popular in studies of behavioural neuroscience.

Marx's Thoughts on Economic Globalization

Marx＇s thoughts on economic globalization are contained in his philosophical views, his ideas on historical materialism and his theory of world history. His philosophical transformation broke with the idealist ontology of old philosophy and made philosophical studies connect with reality. His historical materialism starts with the material production activities of human beings in the real world, discloses the rules and trends of the development of human societies, and reveals the sources and trends of the formation and development of world history. His theory of world history throws light on the source, impetus and trends by which human societies transition from regional history to world history, and scientifically analyzes the position and role of capitalism in world history, furnishing an ideological weapon for understanding economic globalization. Marx＇s thoughts on economic globalization mainly reveal the nature and trends of economic globalization; he emphasizes that economic globalization is a result of the global expansion of capitalism.