Editorial Commentary:The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

I recently read the article by LIU et all entitled The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China with great interest.The paper comprehensively summarizes ancient Chinese approaches to combat epidemics,elucidating them through the lens of three key elements of infectious diseases.Summarizing thousands of years of records detailing major infectious disease occurrences across various dynasties is no small feat.

Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

Analysis of the Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in the Heritage Conservation Technology Major

Ancient Chinese history is an important part of the curriculum of the Heritage Conservation Technology major.Students can better understand the history of cultural relics and improve their humanistic literacy,which will help them in restoring cultural relics.At present,there are numerous challenges in teaching ancient Chinese history in the Heritage Conservation Technology major.These challenges necessitate the development of effective teaching reform strategies.This paper outlines these challenges and explores effective teaching reform strategies to provide a reference for educators.

M.A. AND PH.D. DISSERTATIONS 2011 Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations Northeast Normal University, Changchun

Assyriology, Supervisor WU Yuhong, AACUD Project, 2011 LI Xueyan, Ph.D. The Reconstruction of the Archive of Nasa, the General Manager and Fattener

Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

M.A. AND PH.D. DISSERTATIONS 1993 94 INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS NORTHEAST NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHANGCHUN

(Liu Jian), Hittitology, M.A., 1993.11 "Hittite Women in Religion" (Supervisors: Professors Hao Jitao, Lilia Bayun) (Chen Xu), Hittitology, Ph.D., 1993.11 "Hittite Conception of the Personality" (Supervisors: Professors Lin Zhichun, Lilia Bayun)

M.A. AND PH.D. DISSERTATIONS 2008 Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations Northeast Normal University, Changchun

Assyriology QI Xiao, MA The Reconstruction of the Archive of Ur-Kununna, the Scribe of Animal Center of Ur-III Dynasty (ulgi 43 ii - Ibbi-Sin 2 iv) (Supervisor: Wu Yuhong)

M.A. AND PH.D. DISSERTATIONS 1994-95 INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS NORTHEAST NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHANGCHUN

Ma Xiaoying, Assyriology, Ph.D., 1994.12 "Women’s Social Status in Old Babylonia Reflected in Marital Property" (Supervisors: Professors Lin Zhichun, Thomas Lee, Tova Meltzer, Wu Yuhong) Wang Liying, Classics, Ph.D., 1995.6 "Sallust’s Bellum Catilinae" (Supervisors: Porfessors Wang Dunshu, P.Ruth Taylor-Briggs, F. Ahlheid, Lin Zhichun)

THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANCIENT WORLD HISTORY

1.Date:August 25-29,1997(Monday-Friday),fora duration of 5 days including a one-dayvisit to the Xianghai Bird Reserve2 Venue:Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun,Northeast of P.R.China3. Sponsorship:Northeast Normal University andThe Society of Ancient World History in China(SAWHC).4. Topics:The main topics are as follows:(1) The Origins and Rise of AncientCivilizations(2) The Nature and Characteristics ofAncient Civilizations(3) The Features and Aspects of VariousAncient Civilizations:a. Economy b. Social Conditionsc. Politics d. Religions e. Historiographyf. Science and Philosophy g. Literatureh. Archaeology and Art i. Family andWomen＇s Status(4) The Development and Connections ofAncient

Interpretation,Construction and Exhibition-Seeking the Positive Significance of Ancient Architecture Model Making in the Teaching of History of Chinese Architecture

On the basis of a special project for teaching reform, in order to change the boring and dull situation of History of Chinese Architecture in students, ancient architecture model was introduced in the teaching process of the pure history course. Through the interpretation, construction, and exhibition stages,the ability of students in grasping the knowledge of architecture history can be strengthened. Then, from the historical background, physical composition, artistic conception of space, structural system, detailed structure, and architectural evolution, the positive significance of ancient architecture model to the teaching of the History of Chinese Architecture was discussed, in the hope of providing certain theoretical basis for the teaching of the History of Chinese Architecture.

A Dialogue with the Ancient and Reflection on the Interpretation of History of Bianque and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Based on the description of epidemic diseases in the chapter of “The Story of Bianque” in Records of Historian, the author has analyzed and explored the truthfulness of its background data and the possibility of the plague spreading at that time from both macro and micro angles. The symptoms of plague including chills formation of some doctrines in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) such as exopathic heat disease doctrine, internal injury of spleen and stomach doctrine and epidemic febrile disease doctrine. The course of exogenous phenomena, the author has explored the effect on the initial medical theory, primitive religion and culture due to the spreading of epidemic diseases from the angles of epidemiology, the theory of images and figures, originated from epidemic diseases was proposed. The author also put forward some opinions on the relationship between epidemic diseases spreading and traditional education of TCM, sustained development of TCM.

A Tentative Review of the Studies on the Environmental History of Ancient China

The existing research findings of our environmental history fail to attach due importance to the environmental history of ancient China. The studies of China's environmental history should extend the time scope further to more ancient times and raise interdisciplinary research awareness. Such studies can help us trace our sources of culture and ecology, and better understand the current world and humanity itself. Studies on the environmental history of ancient China also need to be equipped with corresponding research concepts, orientation and approaches.

The Ancient Craft of Rubbing Is History’s Savior

LONG before copying machines were invented,ancient Chinese had come up with a way to retrieve patterns,calligraphy,or characters engraved on oracle bones,bronze ware,and stone tablets.What they used were pretty simple items:a piece of rice paper,ink,and a cloth ball.They first covered the inscriptions with a piece of rice paper。

Brief History of Xu-style Garden in the Middle Ancient Times of China

According to ancient books and documents,this paper collected and sorted out the people and things related to Xu-style gardens in the middle ancient period of Chinese history,during the 400 years from the division of“Three Kingdoms”to the unifi cation of Sui Dynasty.For the frequent war chaos,gardening constructions in Xuzhou were hardly seen in this period,but the gardening fruits of Xu-style garden had spread all over the country with a large number of Xu people moving south.While inheriting the splendid and rough style of Qin and Han Dynasties,Xu-style garden attached more importance to“spectacular”,summarized and put forward the ideas of“master nature”and“artistic conception”,and raised the gardening technique to a theoretical height,thus pioneered the idea of“master nature”in Chinese classical gardens.

Ancient DNA Unveils Important Missing Piece of Human History New Ancient Genomic Research Reveals Information about Human history in China

Newly released genomes from Neolithic East Asia have unveiled a missing piece of human prehistory.In a new study in Science,a research team led by FU Qiaomei,a professor at the Molecular Paleontology Lab at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),used advanced ancient DNA capture techniques to retrieve ancient DNA from twenty-five individuals dating back to 9,500-4,200 years ago and one individual dating back to 300 years ago from northern and southern East Asia.They reveal the profound role population movement has played in the early genetic history of East Asians.