亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子的制备及其发光性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了油溶性稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+),并利用TEM、XRD、IR、荧光光谱法等考察了反应温度、反应时间、掺杂比等反应条件对纳米粒子形貌、结构、发光性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为300℃、反应时间为50 min、稀土离子掺杂比为NaYF_(4)∶20%Yb^(3+),2%Ho^(3+)条件下,制备出的油溶性NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子呈标准六方晶型,尺寸均一、单分散性好,平均粒径为31.55 nm。通过表面配体交换法成功将柠檬酸修饰在其表面,转为亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子。

Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体的增强红色上转换发光与光学温度传感性能

采用密封的坩埚下降法技术生长了一系列Lu^(3+)(摩尔分数0、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体。在980 nm LD激发下,观察到单晶体的绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F_(4)→^(5)I_(8))、红光656 nm(^(5)F_(5)→^(5)I_(8))以及近红外750 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I_(7))上转换发光。从上转换发光强度随激发光强度的变化情况,确定了543 nm、656 nm与750 nm的发光为双光子跃迁过程。研究了Lu^(3+)离子掺杂浓度对其发光强度与荧光寿命的影响情况,随着Lu^(3+)掺杂浓度从0增加到1.8%,单晶体中的656 nm红光逐步增强,543 nm绿光与750 nm近红外光随之减弱,红绿光强度比从0.01增加到了1.55,而543 nm荧光寿命从1.29 ms降低至0.99 ms。Lu^(3+)离子的掺入取代Y^(3+)晶格位,改变了单晶体的局域场环境,导致上转换发光强度的变化。基于随温度变化的上转换红光656 nm(^(5)F5→^(5)I8)与绿光543 nm(^(5)S_(2)/^(5)F4→^(5)I8)的发光强度变化,研究了1.8%Lu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)∶Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Ce^(3+)单晶体在298~448 K范围内的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度最大值分别为0.242%·K^(-1)和0.217%·K^(-1)。

Upconversion Luminescence Properties of Ho^(3+),Tm^(3+),Yb^(3+) Co-Doped Nanocrystal NaYF_4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the impact of different concentrations of Ho^3＋ ion on the UC luminescence intensity was discussed. The law of luminescence intensity versus pump power shows that the 474 nm blue emission, 538 nm green emission, and 642 nm red emission are all due to the two-photon process, while the 450 nm blue emission is a three-photon process. The UC mechanism and processes were also analyzed. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The result shows that Ho^3＋ ,Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits a hexagonal nanocrystal.

GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)和GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)荧光粉的上转换发光特性研究

为了探究Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)分别共掺杂在GdVO_(4)和GdPO_(4)两种基质材料的发光差异性,采用高温固相法制备GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)和GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)上转换发光材料。并采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy,Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和荧光光谱对材料的结构、组成、形貌和上转换发光性能进行测试分析。结果表明,合成样品均是纯相,GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品形状为不规则块状;GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品为米粒状。在980 nm激发下,两种样品都存在绿光和红光发射。与掺杂相同浓度的GdVO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)相比,GdPO_(4):Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)样品的红绿比较大,色度坐标更接近红光,在生物成像领域具有更大的应用潜力。

Gain properties of germanate glasses singly doped with Tm^(3+) and Ho^(3+) ions

Two kinds of germanate glasses singly doped with the ion concentration of 2.0mol.%Tm3＋ and 2.0mol.%Ho3＋, respectively, were prepared.According to McCumber theory, the absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections corresponding to the 3H6←→3F4 transitions of Tm3＋（at 1.8 μm） and the 5I8←→5I7 transitions of Ho3＋（at 2.0 μm） were obtained, and respective gain cross-section spectra were also computed as a function of population inversion according to absorption and emission cross-sections and the ion concentrations.For Tm3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of the absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than those reported for fluorozirconate, fluoride, and oxyfluoride glasses.For Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses, the maximum of absorption, emission, and gain cross-sections reached a value higher than that reported for fluorozircoaluminate glasses.Hence, these Tm3＋-doped and Ho3＋-doped germanate glasses exhibited an advantage for application in mid-infrared lasers at about 1.8 and 2.0 μm wavelength.

Defect engineering on BiFeO_(3) through Na and V codoping for aqueous Na-ion capacitors

Sodium with low cost and high abundance is considered as a substitute element of lithium for batteries and supercapacitors,which need the appropriate host materials to accommodate the relatively large Na^(+) ions.Compared to Li^(+) storage,Na^(+) storage makes higher demands on the structural optimization of perovskite bismuth ferrite(BiFeO_(3)).We propose a novel strategy of defect engineering on BiFeO_(3) through Na and V codoping for high-efficiency Na^(+) storage,to reveal the roles of oxygen vacancies and V ions played in the enhanced electrochemical energy storage performances of Na-ion capacitors.The formation of the oxygen vacancies in the Na and V codoped BiFeO_(3)(denoted as NV-BFO),is promoted by Na doping and suppressed by V doping,which can be demonstrated by XPS and EPR spectra.By the first-principles calculations,the oxygen vacancies and V ions in NV-BFO are confirmed to substantially lower the Na^(+)migration energy barriers through the space and electric field effects,to effectively promote the Na^(+) transport in the crystals.Electrochemical kinetic analysis of the NV-BFO//NV-BFO capacitors indicates the dominant capacitive-controlled capacity,which depends on fast Na^(+) deintercalation-intercalation process in the NV-BFO electrode.The NV-BFO//NV-BFO capacitors open up a new avenue for developing highperformance Na-ion capacitors.

The effects of Er^(3+) ion concentration on 2.0-μm emission performance in Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+) co-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystal under 800-nm excitation

Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystals doped with ~0.8-mol% Ho^(3+),~1-mol% Tm^(3+),and various Er^(3+) ion concentrations were prepared by a modified Bridgman method.The effects of Er^(3+)ion concentration on 2.0-μm emission excited by an800-nm laser diode were investigated with the help of their spectroscopic properties.The intensity of 2.0-μm emission reached to maximum when the Er^(3+) ion concentration was ~1 mol%.The energy transfer mechanisms between Er^(3+),Ho^(3+),and Tm^(3+) ions were identified from the change of the absorption spectra,the emission spectra,and the measured decay curves.The maximum 2.0-μm emission cross section of the Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)tri-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystal reached 5.26 × 10^(-21) cm^(2).The gain cross section spectra were calculated according to the absorption and emission cross section spectra.The cross section for ~2.0-μm emission became a positive gain once the inversion level of population was reached 30%.The energy transfer efficiency was further increased by 11.81% through the incorporation of Er^(3+) ion into Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+) system estimated from the measured lifetimes of Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)-and Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32)single crystals.The present results illustrated that the Er^(3+)/Ho^(3+)/Tm^(3+)tri-doped Na_(5)Y_(9)F_(32) single crystals can be used as promising candidate for 2.0-μm laser.

980nm激发下Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+)共掺杂ZrO_2-ZnO粉末的上转换发光特性

通过固相反应法制备了Ho3+/Yb3+共掺杂ZrO2-ZnO粉末样品,重点报道了Ho3+/Yb3+共掺杂ZrO2-ZnO粉末样品在980nm激发下的上转换发光现象。在常温下测试得到的发射光谱显示3个发射峰,中心波长依次为540,671和762nm,分别对应Ho3+的5S2/5F4→5I8,5F5→5I8,5S2/5F4→5I7或5I4→5I8跃迁过程。稀土离子的掺杂浓度明显影响样品的上转换发光特性,当Ho3+浓度确定的情况下,随着Yb3+含量增大,红光强度和绿光强度先减小后增大,近红外光却先增大后减小,而绿光强度与红光强度的比值一直减小。当Yb2O3含量为4.7mol%时,随着Ho3+含量增大,各波段荧光强度均减小,而绿光强度与红光强度的比值基本不变。双对数曲线显示3个波长的上转换发光的发射过程均为双光子过程,对样品的上转换发光机制做了详细的说明。XRD显示样品的均匀性良好。

Tm^(3+)/Ho^(3+)共掺碲酸盐玻璃2.0μm发光性质研究

研究了Tm3+/Ho3+离子共掺碲酸盐玻璃的光谱性质,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了玻璃的各项光谱参数,推导了速率方程。表明3H4→3F4自发辐射跃迁几率很小,这一跃迁发射为一自终止系统。Tm3+离子3F4上粒子数主要来源于3H4+3H6→23F4的交叉弛豫过程。玻璃的荧光光谱表明,随着Ho2O3浓度的增加,Tm3+离子3F4→3H6跃迁的1.8μm发光强度降低,而Ho3+离子5I7→5I8跃迁的2.0μm发光强度迅速升高,说明Ho2O3浓度的增加,Tm3+离子和Ho3+离子间的能量转移作用逐渐加强。

Li^+增强Ho^(3+)/Yb^(3+):Y_2O_3纳米晶的上转化发光研究

采用凝胶溶胶法制备了不同浓度的Y2O3:Ho3+/Yb3+/Li+纳米晶,并且系统研究了不同掺杂浓度对上转化荧光现象的影响。首先,通过XRD图形判断了晶体结构的生成,再通过980 nm的激光器和荧光光谱仪测得的光谱图,发现了位于520~579 nm的绿光、635~674 nm的红光等两条很强的可见光,还有一条较弱的位于743~775 nm的近红外发光。最后,通过与能级图比较和分析可以得出:它们分别是5F4/5S2→5I8,5F5→5I8和5F4/5S2→5I7荧光跃迁。可以看出:在掺杂入Li+之后,上转化荧光得到了极大增强。

Yb^(3+)-Ho^(3+)共掺氟氧化物中的蓝绿上转换荧光

在 93 0nm二极管光源激发下 ,在Yb3+ -Ho3+ 氟氧化物中得到了较强的蓝绿上转换荧光 .绿光是通过 .Yb3+ -Ho3+ 间的能量传递从而实现Ho3+ 5S2 能级粒子数的布居 ,再向5I8弛豫产生的 .而产生蓝光的途径有两种 ,一是位于Ho3+的3K8能级上的粒子向基态5I8弛豫 ,二是Yb3+ -Yb3+ 离子对的共协上转换荧光 .同时认为 ,在共掺Yb3+ -Ho3+ 系统中能量传递与共协上转换同时存在 ,正是这种共存决定了蓝光段的荧光峰位随着Ho3+

LaOX:Ho^(3+)体系的荧光光谱及其配位场解析

合成了LaOX:Ho^(3+)磷光体(X^-=Cl^-,Br^-),测定了该体系在室温和液氮温度下的荧光光谱;基于双层点电荷配位场模型,计算了Ho^(3+)离子在LaOX系列基质中的配位场微扰能级,给出其荧光光谱的理论归属;这套能级与实测光谱吻合较好,并对~5I_8→~5G_6超灵敏跃迁激发带的“鞍形”结构、~5I_8→~5G_6及(~5S_2,~5F_4)→~5I_8跃迁峰的温度效应提出合理解释。

Effect of Mn-doping on performance of Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Li3V2-2/3xMnx（PO4）3（0≤x≤0.12） powders were synthesized by sol-gel method. The effect of Mn2＋-doping on the structure and electrochemical performances of Li3V2（PO4）3/C was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, galvanostatic charge /discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）. The XRD study shows that a small amount of Mn2＋-doped does not alter the structure of Li3V2（PO4）3/C materials, and all Mn2＋-doped samples are of pure single phase with a monoclinic structure （space group P21/n）. The XPS analysis indicates that valences state of V and Mn are ＋3 and ＋2 in Li3V1.94Mn0.09（PO4）3/C, respectively, and the citric acid in raw materials was decomposed into carbon during calcination, and residual carbon exists in Li3V1.94Mn0.09（PO4）/C. The results of electrochemical measurements show that Mn2＋-doping can improve the cyclic stability and rate performance of these cathode materials. The Li3V1.94Mn0.09（PO4）3/C cathode material shows the best cyclic stability and rate performance. For example, at the discharge current density of 40 mA/g, after 100 cycles, the discharge capacity of Li3V1.94Mn0.09（PO4）3/C declines from initial 158.8 mA·h/g to 120.5 mA·h/g with a capacity retention of 75.9%; however, that of the Mn-undoed sample declines from 164.2 mA·h/g to 72.6 mA·h/g with a capacity retention of 44.2%. When the discharge current is increased up to 1C, the intial discharge capacity of Li3V1.94Mn0.09（PO4）3/C still reaches 146.4 mA·h/g, and the discharge capacity maintains at 107.5 mA·h/g after 100 cycles. The EIS measurement indicates that Mn2＋-doping with a appropriate amount of Mn2＋ decreases the charge transfer resistance, which is favorable for the insertion/extraction of Li＋.

Ho^(3+)对吸附CO电化学氧化的促进作用

研究了吸附在Pt/C催化剂上的Ho3+对吸附CO的电氧化的影响.结果表明,无论在中性和酸性溶液中,在较大的温度范围内,Ho3+对CO在Pt/C催化剂上的电氧化都有促进作用,其原因是吸附Ho3+的存在减弱了CO在Pt/C催化剂上的吸附强度.其次,在中性溶液中,Ho3+对吸附CO的电氧化的促进作用比在酸性溶液中大.第三,无论在酸性还是中性溶液中,温度的升高有利于发挥Ho3+对吸附CO的电氧化的促进作用.

1565nm激光泵浦Tm^3＋：Ho^3＋共掺石英光纤激光器动态特性

利用1565nm激光作为Tm3+:Ho3+共掺石英光纤激光器的泵浦带是一项较新的研究内容,动态特性能够有效反映激光振荡机制建立过程中能级粒子数和激光功率的变化情况,为系统实验的优化提供理论依据。建立了该泵浦带下系统的理论模型,基于速率方程和功率传输方程,采用离散算法,在Matlab软件中设置泵浦功率为3W、光纤长度2.5m条件下,分别对Tm3+:Ho3+共掺石英光纤的输入端、中点处和输出端的动态变化特性进行理论研究。结果表明:不同位置处,光纤对泵浦功率的吸收程度不同;光纤中粒子数和激光功率的弛豫振荡开始和持续的时间表现出较大差异,信号光振荡峰值远大于达到稳态时的功率;系统的光-光转化效率达到56%。

Yb^(3+)/Ho^(3+)双掺氟氧硅酸盐微晶玻璃

用熔融技术制备了Yb3+/Ho3+双掺氟氧化物微晶玻璃,通过实验确定了掺稀土离子微晶玻璃的配比、熔化温度和退火温度。采用Hitachi F-4500荧光分光光度计,激发波长为980nm激光器测定了样品的发射光谱。通过对光谱的分析,建立了上转换发光机制。测量了发光强度与抽运功率的关系,通过非线性拟合得出的斜率,确定了样品的540nm和650nm发射均为双光子过程。

Ho^(3+)掺杂GeO_2-Ga_2O_3-Li_2O-BaO-La_2O_3玻璃的光谱和增益特性的计算

用高温熔融法制备了不同Ho3+浓度掺杂的65GeO2-12Ga2O3-8Li2O-10BaO-5La2O3-χHo2O3锗酸盐玻璃.从吸收光谱出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,获得了Ho3+离子的跃迁强度参量(Ω2,Ω4,Ω6),并由此计算了Ho3+离子的自发辐射跃迁几率A,荧光分支比β,辐射能级寿命τ等光谱参量.根据McCumber理论,计算了Ho3+离子能级5I8→5I7(2.0μm)跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面,同时也获得了相应的反映粒子数反转的增益截面光谱.钬掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃,其增益截面的最大值比所报道的氟锆铝酸盐玻璃大.结果表明,Ho3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃在2.0μm附近波段的中红外激光器中将有一定的应用前景.

Ho^3＋／Tm^3＋掺杂氟磷酸盐玻璃的研究

氟磷酸盐玻璃具有声子能量低、离子键性强、稀土离子掺杂浓度高、发光效率高等优点。采用正交设计法确定氟磷酸盐玻璃的配方为44KH2P04—40AlF3·3．5H2O-10BaF2—0．1Nb2O5，并采用该配方为基质制备了稀土Ho^3＋、Tm^3＋掺杂的氟磷酸盐玻璃，通过差热分析研究了该玻璃的形成过程；研究了Ho^3＋、Tm^3＋的掺杂量和Ho^3＋、Tm^3＋在该玻璃中的能级结构，测试了玻璃样品的吸收光谱，结果表明稀土掺杂的样品在416nm、448nm、537nm、641nm、684nm、791nm和1035nm处有明显的吸收峰，当稀土离子Ho^3＋、Tm^3＋的掺杂量为0．3mol％和1．5mol％时，稀土离子的特征吸收相对最强。

Tm^3＋与Ho^3＋单掺杂锗酸盐玻璃的增益特性

制备了掺杂浓度分别为2.0mol%的Tm3+及Ho3+单掺的两种锗酸盐玻璃。根据McCumber理论计算了Tm3+离子能级3H6←→3F4(1.8μm)跃迁和Ho3+离子能级5I8←→5I7(2.0μm)跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面。同时,根据所获得的吸收截面、发射截面以及掺杂离子的浓度分别获得了Tm3+离子和Ho3+离子在两种不同锗酸盐玻璃基质中的增益截面函数,从该函数可反映出材料的粒子数反转特性。对于Tm3+离子掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃,其吸收截面、发射截面和增益截面的最大值大于在氟锆酸盐、氟化物和氟氧化物玻璃中;对于Ho3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃,其吸收截面、发射截面和增益截面的最大值也大于在氟锆铝酸盐玻璃。因此,Tm3+和Ho3+掺杂的两种锗酸盐玻璃在~1.8和~2.0μm波段的中红外激光器中将有潜在的应用前景。

掺Ho^3＋的硼硅酸盐玻璃的非线性光学特性

利用三阶光学非线性特性较小的改进型硼硅酸盐玻璃作为基质和对比玻璃,用相对温度较低的固相熔融法制备了两种掺Ho3+玻璃。在调Q纳秒Nd∶YAG强激光脉冲下,使用闭孔Z-扫描技术研究了该硼硅酸盐基质玻璃及其掺Ho3+玻璃的三阶光学非线性特性。发现基质玻璃具有正的三阶非线性折射系数和非线性吸收系数,属于自聚焦反饱和吸收型的光学介质;而随着Ho3+的掺入,该硼硅酸盐玻璃的三阶非线性折射和吸收系数较基质玻璃有明显的增大,远高于一个量级。用开孔Z-扫描实验与光限幅实验进一步验证了掺Ho3+玻璃具有较高的三阶非线性吸收系数。所有的实验结果表明Ho3+的掺入提高了硼硅酸盐玻璃在532 nm处的激光防护性能。