Determination and evaluation of biogas and methane productions of vegetable and fruit wastes with Hohenheim Batch Test method

Nowadays,biogas technology applications are gradually increasing worldwide due to the economic and environmental benefits.Many researches and studies related to the determination of the biogas potential of organic waste materials have been carried out in the recent years.Studies to determine the specific methane potential of organic waste materials have a great importance for both design and economical operation of the biogas plants.Energy potential that will be recovered from organic wastes is substantial in Turkey.Thanks to biogas plants gathering vegetable-fruit wastes and other organic wastes are planned to produce significant amount of renewable energy in Turkish markets.Owing to the use of organic wastes,the disposal of waste as well as energy production,soil,water and air pollution in terms of environmental protection are also minimized.On the other hand,the organic wastes produced from plants can also be utilized as fertilizer in vegetable production.In this study,the cumulative biogas and methane production of vegetable and fruit wastes were experimentally determined with HBT(Hohenheim Batch Test)method.Biogas and methane yields of vegetable and fruit wastes were found as 0.54-0.73 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)and 0.29-0.37 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM),respectively.The highest value of the cumulative specific methane production was tomato wastes(0.37 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)),and the lowest value was lettuce wastes(0.29 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM)),as well.The average cumulative specific methane production values of mixed vegetable and fruit wastes are determined as 0.34 Nm^(3)/(kg ODM).

霍恩海姆大学创新人才自主培养的逻辑与启示

创新人才自主培养是提高国家人才竞争力和科技创新能力的重要途径。从人才自主培养的核心要素、关键环节和动力来源方面,提出创新人才自主培养的理论逻辑。以霍恩海姆大学为研究对象,剖析其创新人才自主培养方面的实践逻辑,包括依据国家战略和社会需求发展新专业;遵循人才知识结构和能力要求提供模块化课程及咨询服务;依托全球合作网络提升学校国际化水平等。霍恩海姆大学的创新人才自主培养有其独特性,呈现出专业建设顺势而动、课程设计灵活配置、产学研深度融合、聚焦实践平台和资源整合、依托合作网络加强横向融通等新特征。

HFT技术测定牧草有机物活体外消化率的研究

本文报道了以７只１－２岁莎能山羊（♂）×成都麻羊（♀）杂交山羊为试验动物，饲喂三个水平的牛鞭草（Ｈｅｍａｒｔｈｒｉａｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓａ）混合日粮，进行产气法（ＨＦＴ技术）和全收粪法测定有机物消化率的比较试验。结果表明，三个日粮全收粪法有机物消化率分别为５７．５３±１．８０％、５４．１２±１．０２％和４９．２０±１．６１％；产气法测定的相应值为５７．４０±１．７１％、５３．２６±１．２０％和４９．４１±１．１９％。两种方法测定结果经ｔ验Ｐ＞０．０５，变异系数平均为２．７６％和２．５５％，表明产气法测定的结果是可靠的。

世界一流学科人才培养的经验与启示——以德国霍恩海姆大学有机农业和食品系统专业为例

一流大学由一流学科支撑,而一流学科需要面向产业进行建设。适应产业发展形势,响应产业需求,德国霍恩海姆大学率先在欧洲开设有机农业和食品系统硕士专业,培养拥有产业链整体观、具备跨学科知识和技能的复合型有机农业人才,不仅巩固了学校农业科学全国第一的地位,而且促进了学校农业科学和食品科学的发展。德国霍恩海姆大学有机农业和食品系统硕士专业人才培养的特点和经验,可以引导我国高等院校在产教融合中建设世界一流学科,实现学科与产业双赢发展。