Effects of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Different Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of different vegetables, we tested the spraying of an amino acid foliar fertilizer(Wanfeng 2) onto the leaves of cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach through contrast experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that the yield increments of amino acid foliar fertilizer treatments in cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach were 11.57%, 4.43% and 12.41% respectively, and the output-input ratios were 64.52 ∶ 1, 53.31 ∶ 1 and 55.14 ∶ 1 respectively. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can influence the quality of greenhouse vegetables. The total sugar content of the cucumbers, eggplants, and water spinach significantly increased by 12.00%, 22.30%and 12.10% respectively. The vitamin C content increased by 4.76%, 24.80%, and10.90% respectively compared with the control. In conclusion, the spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer could improve the yield and the nutritive quality of vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach.

Effects of Copper-based Nutritional Foliar Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Disease Control Efficiency of Cotton

[Objectives] The effects of copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,accumulation and distribution of trace elements in various organs,disease prevention effect and soil enzyme activity were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of foliar fertilizers in cotton production. [Methods]Through two years of field experiments,six treatments were set in total,namely spraying water( CK),traditional Bordeaux mixture( BDM),Kocide 2000( KCD),copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CF),iron-copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CFFe),and zinc-boron-copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizer( CFZnB). Randomized block arrangement was adopted. Chlorophyll content in leaves was measured at each growth stage of the cotton. Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were measured at the peak bolling stage. Plants were sampled at initial boll opening stage. The whole plant was divided into root,stem,leaf and cotton boll parts,in which the total copper,total zinc,total iron contents and accumulations were determined. Soil samples were collected from each plot,followed by the determination of soil enzyme activity. Disease index was investigated at bud,flowering and boll-forming and boll opening stage. [Results]( 1) Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF and KCD could significantly improve chlorophyll content of cotton leaves,and the CFFe treatment had the highest increase up to13. 30%,followed by the CFZnB treatment,which was 11. 40% higher than the CK; and photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance and transpiration rate could be improved significantly,and the CFFe treatment showed the highest photosynthetic rate,which increased by 26. 35% compared with the CK,followed by the CFZnB treatment,which increased by 17. 96% compared with CK; and intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly reduced.( 2) Spraying BDM,KCD,CF,CFFe and CFZnB can significantly increase total copper content and accumulation in various cotton organs( except the total copper content in the stem part of the CFZnB treatment; the CFZnB and CFFe treatments can significantly increase total zinc content and accumulation in various cotton organs; and spraying CFFe,CFZnB and CF can significantly increase total iron content and accumulation in various cotton organs( except the total iron content in the stem part of the CF treatment).( 3)Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF,KCD and BDM greatly reduced the disease index at flowering and boll-forming and boll opening stages.( 4) The CFZnB and CFFe treatments had the highest soil urease activity,which was 7. 14% higher than that of the CK,but the difference from the CK was not significant; the catalase activity of each treatment was significantly higher than that of the BDM treatment; and the sucrase activity of each treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK.( 5) Spraying CFFe,CFZnB,CF and KCD significantly improved lint yield of cotton,and the CFZnB treatment showed the highest yield increase up to 12. 34%,followed by the CFFe treatment,with an increase in the range of 8. 77%-10. 20%. [Conclusions]Copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizers have dual functions of disease control and prevention and plant nutrition and health care,and not only can significantly increase cotton yield,but also has certain disease prevention effect.It is recommended to use copper-based nutrient foliar fertilizers.

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Application on Quality of Tea (<I>Camellia sinensis</I>) Grown in the Kenyan Highlands

In Kenya, foliar fertilizers have not found use in tea production despite their numerous advantages as exhibited in other crops. A fertilizer trial test was established in three sites of the major tea growing regions, with 36 plots per site to determine the effects of foliar fertilizer application on tea quality. Two foliar fertilizers were tested;foliar fertilizer 1 (FF1) and foliar fertilizer 2 (FF2), with a positive control of soil fertilizer (SF) and a blank. Two leaves and a bud tea samples were collected every two weeks after each foliar fertilizer application. These were then analyzed for tea quality (total polyphenols, TP), nutrient residues for the different clones and geographical locations. The TP contents for clone TRFK 31/8 were as follows: FF1 = 17.8%, FF2 = 17.9%, SF = 16.56% and Zero = 17.4%. Tukey-Kramer pair wise comparison test results between the foliar fertilizers and SF showed that the FF1 (HSD = 4.78) and FF2 (HSD = 5.27) fertilizers had significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of TP content as compared to control SF fertilizer. Nutrients analyzed had average means as follows: N = 4% - 5%, P = 0.25% - 0.28%, K = 1.35% - 1.69%, Ca = 0.3 - 0.5 ppm, Mg = 0.19 - 0.27 ppm, Mn = 0.05 - 0.13 ppm, Zn = 25 - 40.5 ppm, Cu = 11 - 17 ppm and Fe = 72 - 122 ppm. The nutrient residue levels had non-significantly statistical differences at P < 0.05 level between pairs of zero applied plots and the FF1, FF2 and SF applied plots respectively. It was concluded that the foliar fertilizers increased the TP content in tested tea samples and the nutrients analyzed were all within the dietary reference intake (DRI) levels for SF, FF1 and FF2. Overall, the foliar fertilizer increased the quality of the tested tea samples.

Analysis on Demonstration Application of Silicon Fertilizer in Field Cultivation of Rice

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the scientific application of silicon fertilizer in rice cultivation,one of the staple crops.[Methods]In 2022,Yandu District carried out a special experiment and field demonstration study on the effects of foliar application of Zhengda water-soluble silicon fertilizer on rice production.[Results]The preliminary results showed that①Zhengda water-soluble silicon fertilizer could effectively improve the growth and development of rice and improve the population quality.The peak number of tillers,productive tiller percentage,number of effective panicles and number of effective grains per panicle increased by 6.7%,5.8%,5.5%,and 1.2%,respectively.②The yield and processing quality were improved.After applying silicon fertilizer,the yield per unit area increased by about 6.8%,and the unpolished rice yield,milled rice yield and head rice yield increased by 0.7%,1.94%and 2.15%respectively.[Conclusions]The demonstration application of silicon fertilizer in field cultivation of rice in Yandu District further proves previous research conclusions and has important practical significance.

Synthesis of Foliar Fertilizer and Ca-S-Si Compound Fertilizer from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag

With titanium-bearing blast furnace slag, ammonium sulfate, citric acid and potassium carbonate as raw materials to produce foliar fertilizer and Ca-S-Si compound fertilizer by means of heating process for the first time, which improved the solubility of the slag and converted the nutritional elements into such ones which are prone to be absorbed by plants. The effects of process conditions on dissolution rate of titanium were mainly analyzed through the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum synthesis process conditions of foliar fertilizer from the slag were 360 ℃ for 35 min, the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate and titanium-bearing blast furnace slag was 8：1. Under these conditions more than 80% of iron, titanium, magnesium and part of silicon in titanium-bearing blast furnace slag converted into water-soluble substances and existing in foliar fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer contained nitrogen, sulfur, potassium, iron, titanium, magnesium and silicon, and pH value of foliar fertilizer was 6. Ca-S-Si compound fertilizer mainly contained calcium silicate and calcium sulfate, which existed in the form of citric acid-soluble substance and slightly soluble substance, respectively.

Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Foliar Fertilizer on Selenium Content and Quality of Mango

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the treatment methods of amino acid selenium fertilizer suitable for increasing the selenium content of mangoes and improving the quality of mangoes,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched mangoes.[Methods]With Tainong mango as a test material,the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer was applied by eight treatment methods to investigate the changes of selenium,soluble solid,vitamin C,and titratable acid contents in mango flesh and peel.[Results]Spraying amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer increased the selenium content of mango flesh.The selenium contents of the treatment groups T2,T3,T4 and T5 reached the selenium-enriched standard,and the T2 treatment group had the highest selenium content(0.020 mg/kg).The selenium contents in the peel of all treatment groups were greater than the corresponding selenium content in the flesh.Except for T1,the vitamin C contents of other treatment groups sprayed with amino acid selenium fertilizer increased compared with the control,and that of the T2 treatment group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the soluble solids of the treatment groups sprayed with amino acid selenium fertilizer once also increased.The treatment method of spraying amino acid selenium fertilizer with a dosage of 12000 ml/hm2 once(T2)achieved the best effect of increasing the selenium content and improving the quality of mangoes.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for increasing the selenium content of mangoes and improving the current situation of insufficient selenium intake.

Influence of Foliar Fertilizers on Growth and Development of Petunia hybrida in Winter-Spring 2015-2016 in Thua Thien Hue

The experiment was conducted in winter-spring 2015-2016 in Thua Thien Hue to identify different foliar fertilizer for Petunia hybrida having good growth and development,beautiful colors and long lifetime under local conditions.The experiment included four treatments with three kinds of forliar fertilizers—Dau Trau MK 30-10-5,gibberellin 25-10-10 and abscisic acid.The control treatment(T0)used sterilized water without foliar fertilizer.The results showed that all the foliar fertilizers influenced well on growth and development of Petunia hybrida.Dau Trau MK 30-10-5 helped Petunia hybrida have high quality and high value/cost ratio than the others.

Effects of Foliar Fertilizers(Insecticides) on Yield and Quality of Alfalfa

To adapt to the rapid development of grass industry, improve the yield and quality of alfalfa and increase the benefits of alfalfa planting, the experiments on foliar fertilizers and plant growth regulators were conducted, 2 suitable foliar fertilizers were screened out from 5. The results showed that the yield of alfalfa increased more than 20% under the treatments of KH2PO4 and Ausnutria, and the crude protein content increased significantly by 9.37%-10.62%, and crude fiber content was reduced by 5.91%-4.36%. As a result, KH2PO4 and Ausnutria were recommended as foliar fertilizers during the growth period of alfalfa with the concentration of 1 000 times and 500 times.

Amino Acid Contents of Indigofera arrecta Leaves after Application of Foliar Fertilizer

The experiment aimed to investigate foliar fertilizer application effects on amino acid content of Indigofera leaves. lndigofera arrecta was planted in plots during both rainy and dry seasons. Foliar fertilizer concentrations consisted of 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g and 50 g, which solved in 10 L solvent were appIied on sixteen individual plants per plot, The fertilizer was applied 4 times during vegetative growing period. Block randomized design with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The foliar fertilizer containing 20%-22% N （N total）, 15%-16% P （P205）, 15%-16% K, 1.5% Mg, 1% Ca, 1% Fe, 1.42% Zn, 0.53% Cu, 0.88% Mo, 0.53% B and growth hormone 0.025% indole acetic acid （1AA） and giberelic acid （GA） was applied. Samples of each plot were composited leaves from 3 harvest times. The result showed that the foliar fertilizer did not affect aspartic acid, seriue, histidine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, iso-leusine and leusine content oflndigofera leave. Foliar fertilizer application up to 50 g/10 L resulted in higher （P 〈 0.05） glutamate acid, glysine, arginine, alanine, proline and lysine than those of other fertilizer levels.

Influence of Potassium Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Foliar Vegetable Crops

Over a period of two years , field experiments were conducted on four silty loam soils grown with foliar vegetable crops including Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr., cv. Lu-Bai 3), autumn greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Piao-Geng-Bai), winter greens (B. var. rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. You-Dong-Er), and summer greens (B. chinensis L., cv. Zao-Shu 5), respectively. Each experiment included one CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied, and four treatments with from low to high doses, 0-300 kg hm-2 for Chinese cabbage, 0-150 kg hm-2 for autumn and winter greens and 0-180 kg hm-2 for summer greens, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at high levels (150 or 180 kg hm-2) together with N and P fertilizers was included in the experiments of autumn, winter and summer greens , respectively, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The market yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. K fertilization increased not only K contents but also the amounts of N, P and K absorbed in shoots of autumn, winter and summer greens, which were statistically significantly correlated to their yields. It can also be found that potassium improved the quality of the foliar vegetable crops as their dry mater contents were generally increased and Vc contents obviously increased and nitrate contents markedly decreased. As compared to MOP, SOP was more effective on the yields and quality of autumn, winter and summer greens at the high levels of fertilization.

Effect of Tillage Methods and Foliar Fertilization (<i>Boost Extra</i>^TM) on Soil Physical Properties, Weed Dry Matter and Grain Yield of Sorghum in Ejiba, Kogi State, Nigeria

An experiment was carried out for two consecutive growing seasons (2012 and 2013) at the Research Site of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ejiba, Nigeria, to examine the response of sorghum to tillage methods and foliar fertilizer (Boost ExtraTM) application. A split plot experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to randomize the tillage methods (main plots) and foliar fertilizer application (sub-plots), respectively. The experiment comprised of three tillage methods: No Tillage (NT), Manual Tillage (MT) and convectional tillage (Ploughing, Harrowing and Ridging, PHR) and three foliar fertilizer rates: 0, 2 and 4 liters of foliar fertilizer per hectare. The parameters taken on soil physical properties and weed characters are soil moisture content (%), soil temperature (℃), weed species and weed dry weight (g). Growth and yield parameters taken are: average plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), leaf area (m2), days to 50% flowering, root dry weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield per land area. Weeds were identified and harvested, and their dry weights were taken and recorded. Data were also collected from ten randomly selected plants in each plot. The data were statistically analyzed using GENSTAT. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to find out the significance of variation among the treatments while the significant differences between mean treatments were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability. The results obtained from this study indicated that tillage methods and foliar fertilizer application significantly affected growth and yield parameters of sorghum, consequently the yield per unit area. The results also indicated that “Manually Tilled” seedbed (MT) improved soil physical properties better than either plots with PHR or No Till plots in the study area. Foliar fertilizer application at 2 l/ha performed best in terms of growth and yield. It is therefore recommended that manual tillage should be used as a method of seedbed preparation for sorghum production. However, better and stable grain yield of sorghum could be obtained with the practice of manual tillage (MT) in combination with foliar fertilization at rate of 2 litres/ha. It is recommended that different tillage methods should be combined with foliar fertilizer application for higher grain yield in the study area.

Plant Nutrient Status during Boll Development and Seed Cotton Yield as Affected by Foliar Application of Different Sources of Potassium

Bt cotton hybrids require large supply of metabolites to support their greater boll load and commonly suffer from premature leaf senescence. A field experiment was conducted to study the nutritional status of Bt cotton leaves during boll development stage and to evaluate the most profitable source of foliar fertilizers. Treatments included basal application of 0 and 60 kg·K2O·ha-1 as muriate of potash (MOP) in main plots and foliar spray treatments viz: 4 & 6 sprays of 2% potassium nitrate (Multi-K, 13-00-45), 4 & 6 sprays of NPK Blend (Polyfed, 19-19-19), 4 sprays of MOP, 4 sprays of MOP + urea (to supply same amount of N & K as in potassium nitrate) and unsprayed control in sub plots. The results revealed that only N and K contents of premature senesced leaves were below the sufficiency range for cotton sufficient levels of P, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were observed. Though the concentrations of N and K in both the petiole and leaf blade initially improved with foliar spray, N content declined below the unsprayed control at later stages. Basal application of MOP increased seed cotton yield by 19%. Four foliar sprays of KNO3, NPK, MOP and MOP + urea recorded yield increase in seed cotton yield of 22.8%, 22.4%, 18.5% and 24.5%, respectively over unsprayed control. Six sprays of KNO3 and NPK had no yield advantage over four sprays and rather proved economically less viable.

硅氧烷类助剂的环境残留及其农用之环境安全风险

硅氧烷类助剂(或有机硅助剂)系硅油类有机硅产品,其结构是以硅氧键为骨架组成的聚硅氧烷,因其具有超强渗透和扩散性能而被广泛用于日化和工业产品等助剂,并作为农用助剂在农业上得到推广使用。当前,我国有机硅制品产销量约200万t,生产和消费量均占世界50%以上,已成为全球最大的有机硅生产、消费和原材料净出口国,聚硅氧烷产能占比已经达到全球60%以上。随着硅氧烷类助剂的广泛应用所导致的硅氧烷环境残留(尤其在水体、污泥/土壤等环境样本中、水生食物链以及人体组织中均被检出)及其对农业生态环境的影响日益暴露,硅氧烷类助剂农用的环境安全性(包括生态毒性及其环境安全风险)也引起诸多关注。近年来,挥发性环甲基环硅氧烷(如D4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)、D5(十甲基环五硅氧烷)和D6(十二甲基环六硅氧烷)等)因其具有环境持久性、生物积累性及潜在毒性等特性而被欧盟等国家认定为新兴有机污染物或被列入优先控制化学品。本文通过对1991年以来国内外公开发表的关于硅氧烷类助剂(包括农用助剂)应用的环境残留及其生态环境安全风险相关文献检索调研,从两个方面综述分析硅氧烷类助剂的环境残留去向及其农用对农业生态环境安全的直接或间接影响,主要包括:(1)硅氧烷的环境残留及其对农业生态环境安全的影响(包括污水处理过程中硅氧烷残留及去向,水体中硅氧烷残留及水生食物链污染风险,污泥中硅氧烷残留及土壤生态污染风险,以及食品中硅氧烷残留及人体健康风险等);(2)硅氧烷类助剂农用现状及环境安全风险(包括硅氧烷类助剂农用后残留及其毒性风险,以及硅氧烷类助剂农用的安全性管理问题)。本文并就国内外对环硅氧烷类产品管理现状及问题进行了探讨。对于硅氧烷类助剂农用,由于助剂成分多被视为“生物惰性”,通常硅氧烷类助剂农用无需毒理检测和环境监管等风险评估;此外,助剂成分往往被声称为“商业机密”而受到保护,其成分一般不会在产品标签上标明。目前,我国对硅氧烷类助剂作为农用助剂(如叶面肥添加剂等)添加使用尚无监管要求,农用助剂添加缺乏安全使用规范,存在环境安全风险。本文针对硅氧烷类农用助剂添加过量可能增加其在土壤-作物-水体中残留及其生态毒性风险,以及对食品安全和人类健康存在潜在威胁等问题,建议有关管理和研究单位进一步重视硅氧烷类助剂使用过程中的残留和去向的监测,尤其加强硅氧烷类农用助剂残留对水体、土壤、动植物生长发育和人体健康影响的研究工作。

不同叶面肥对稻茬蚕豆产量和品质的影响

为探讨蚕豆高效栽培技术,研究了6种不同叶面肥对稻茬蚕豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,赤·吲乙·芸苔(T1)、生根粉(T2)、含氨基酸水溶肥(T4)、含腐殖酸水溶肥(T5)、糖醇螯合硅肥(T6)处理的蚕豆株高均显著增加;T1、复硝酚钠(T3)、T4、T5处理的蚕豆始荚高显著增加;T1处理的蚕豆大分枝节数显著增加;T2、T4、T5处理的蚕豆籽粒显著增大,T5处理的蚕豆籽粒百粒重显著提高13.39%。从产量上看,T5处理的稻茬蚕豆荚和籽粒产量分别较CK显著增加63.96%和58.97%。从品质指标来看,T4处理的蚕豆籽粒蛋白质含量较CK显著增加8.33%;T2处理的籽粒脂肪含量较CK显著增加15.73%。合理喷施适宜的叶面肥有助于提高稻茬蚕豆产量和部分品质指标,可在稻茬蚕豆栽培技术中应用。

叶面喷施氯化镁对烤烟产质量的影响

为探明叶面喷施不同量氯化镁对烤烟产质量的影响,以“K326”烤烟品种为试验材料,采用大田试验方法,设置不同时期叶面喷施不同次数氯化镁(LYL1、LYL2、LYL3)处理和空白对照,分析各处理对烤烟烟叶产量和化学成分的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施氯肥处理的烟叶产量均高于对照处理,提高了6.67%~15.29%,其中LYL1处理烤烟产量最高且与对照处理相比差异显著;叶面喷施氯肥处理烟叶产值比对照处理提高11.90%~17.55%,其中LYL1处理烟叶产值最高,且LYL1、LYL3处理烟叶产值与对照相比差异显著。叶面喷施氯肥可显著改善烤烟烟叶化学成分的协调性,提高烟叶内在品质。综上所述,在富川县当地土壤和环境条件下,叶面喷施氯肥处理可显著提高烤烟烟叶的产量、产值和品质,对当地高产优质烟叶栽培具有重要参考意义。

不同叶面肥对甘薯普薯32生长及产量的影响

以甘薯普薯32为试验材料,研究不同叶面肥对甘薯普薯32农艺性状、光合性状、产量和品质性状的影响,并对数据进行相关性分析和主成分综合评价。结果表明:不同叶面肥对普薯32的生长性状和光合性状影响不同,相关性分析表明产量与各性状呈正相关,其中产量与商品率和干物质率呈显著正相关;对不同叶面肥对普薯32的各性状进行主成分综合评价,希沃丰大量元素水溶肥和薯墩儿氨基酸水溶肥分别排名第1和第2,这两种叶面肥有利于甘薯普薯32生长,产量的提高和品质的提升,是适合普薯32的叶面肥。

不同叶面肥及株型控制对中科猕砧2号猕猴桃组培苗生长发育的影响

以中科猕砧2号猕猴桃2月龄组培苗为研究对象,研究不同配比的叶面施肥结合株型控制对植株干径生长、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量以及幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明,中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗的干径、叶绿素含量及植株全氮、全钾含量,根冠比在不同处理间均存在显著差异,植株全磷含量在各处理间差异不显著。4个控制因子中,株型控制对中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗生长的促进作用最大,全抹芽的株型控制+施复合叶面肥(0.2%尿素+0.1%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%园艺肥)为中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗育苗期间的最优处理配方。

不同施肥水平下叶面肥对菜用甘薯生长的影响

为探索不同叶面肥和减氮施肥对菜用甘薯生长的影响,本研究采用盆栽试验,设置不同处理,研究不同施肥水平不同叶面肥的使用对菜用甘薯生长状况、叶片叶绿素相对含量、食味品质、分枝数和产量的影响。结果表明,叶面肥菜籽饼肥对菜用甘薯产量和分枝数提升效果最好,氨基酸肥2和花多多次之。菜籽饼肥和氨基酸肥1对提升品质效果最好,但氨基酸肥1对产量提升效果一般。减氮施肥结合喷叶面菜籽饼肥后产量和分枝数均与常规施肥水平相当。

不同叶面肥对烤烟上部叶生长发育及钾含量的影响

为明确不同叶面肥对烤烟上部叶生长发育及钾含量的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,设置喷施清水对照、磷酸二氢钾、矿物源黄腐殖酸钾、糖醇有机钾和硅肥共5个处理开展大田试验,分析各处理对烤烟上部叶叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶片组织结构以及氮、磷、钾含量等的影响。结果表明,喷施4种叶面肥能够有效改善烤烟上部叶的叶片性状,降低叶片厚度,促进栅栏细胞的伸长,提高叶片钾含量,其中以喷施硅肥处理效果最好。与喷清水对照相比,喷施硅肥处理烤烟上部叶叶面积显著增加47.98%,长宽比减少8.91%,叶片干重提高10.69%,栅栏组织厚度显著提高29.07%,磷、钾含量分别显著提高77.78%和42.34%。由此表明,叶面喷施硅肥更有利于优化烤烟上部叶叶片组织结构,提高叶片钾含量。

三种生物质热解醋液矿物质和有机质组成及其辣椒叶面喷施效应

为了解生物质热解醋液的无机与有机组成特点及其叶面喷施对蔬菜生长和品质的影响,探讨其组成及作物效应变化与不同原料和热解工艺的潜在联系。本研究选择苹果枝条、玉米秸秆和稻壳等三种农业废弃物炭化工程的热解醋液,分析其基本物质组成性质及可溶性有机质(DOM)含量,并采用提取-浓缩-GC-MS分析法研究供试醋液主要有机分子组成,继而以其为载体分别配制叶面液体肥料,进行辣椒田间试验。设置对照(清水,CK)、市售常规液体肥料(WSF)、稻壳醋液炭基液体肥料(RF)、玉米秸秆醋液炭基液体肥料(CF)和苹果枝条醋液炭基液体肥料(AF)5个喷施处理,采集成熟辣椒测定植株生长和品质指标。结果表明:三种热解醋液的DOM均以有机酸、酚类物质为主,同时含有少量酮类、醛类和酯类等物质。其中,苹果枝条醋液含有机酸量最大,稻壳醋液含酚类最多。不同液体肥料喷施处理均能促进辣椒生长和改善辣椒品质,其中AF处理效果最优,其次是CF、RF和WSF处理。与CK相比,不同液体肥喷施辣椒平均增产在35%以上,AF处理增产达62%;AF显著提高了辣椒坐果数、叶面积和SPAD值,增幅分别为54.73%、26.99%和19.67%;各处理下辣椒果长、果径均显著增加,AF处理下增幅均在25%以上。不同液体肥料喷施均显著增加了辣椒可溶性糖和辣椒素含量(平均增幅约20%),并提高了可溶性蛋白含量(增幅约5%);AF处理下辣椒可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、辣椒素和干物质等品质指标提升幅度在6%~30%之间。研究表明,热解醋液液体肥对辣椒的增产提质效应与热解醋液中微量矿质元素有关,也与小分子有机酸和抗氧化酚类物质含量有关,其分子过程和分子机理仍需要进一步研究。