Cytotoxicity, Toxicity and Anticancer Activity of Manuka Honey, Saudi’s Honey and Peganum harmala Plant against Cancer Cells

Cancer occurs when the body’s cells grow beyond the usual control. Normal body cells multiply in a controlled manner and undergo apoptosis when the body no longer needs them. Different types of cancers exist, and the common ones include breast, cervical, prostate, lung, colon, and skin cancers. Several factors have been associated with cancers, and these factors include poor dieting, exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation, weak immune system, and genetics. Cancer presents an enormous health threat in the modern world and thus the need to identify an effective treatment. The conventional treatments used in the management of cancer include chemotherapy and physiotherapy. These forms of cancer treatments usually have enormous side effects on the subjects. In this respect, an alternative form of treatment would be effective in managing cancer patients. A substantial number of natural products have been observed to be effective in the management of cancer. These natural products include plants and other natural substances such as honey. This study focuses on the efficiency of natural products in the treatment of cancer. Also, the anticancer effects of Peganum harmala, Manuka honey, and Saudi honey will be analyzed. Bee honey and Peganum harmala have been traditionally used in the treatment of cancer. The extracts from Peganum harmala plant have also been shown to exhibit divers’ antitumor effects similar to the mode of action of a vast number of anticancer agents. These established hypotheses thus give the rationale for this study. In this experiment, extracts were obtained from Peganum harmala leaves and exposed to cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Similarly, solutions of Manuka honey and Saudi honey were exposed to the cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The experiment duration was 24 hours, which obtained results were recorded and analyzed. Peganum harmala extracts inhibit cancer cell growth at different and achievable concentrations. Manuka honey highly inhibits the growth of HeLa cancer cells while Saudi honey highly inhibits the growth of A549 cells. Peganum harmala can form an effective treatment for managing several types of cancers. Manuka Honey can be applied as an effective treatment for managing cervical cancer while Saudi honey can form an effective treatment for managing lung cancers.

BHJO: A Novel Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm Combining the Beluga Whale, Honey Badger, and Jellyfish Search Optimizers for Solving Engineering Design Problems

Hybridizing metaheuristic algorithms involves synergistically combining different optimization techniques to effectively address complex and challenging optimization problems.This approach aims to leverage the strengths of multiple algorithms,enhancing solution quality,convergence speed,and robustness,thereby offering a more versatile and efficient means of solving intricate real-world optimization tasks.In this paper,we introduce a hybrid algorithm that amalgamates three distinct metaheuristics:the Beluga Whale Optimization(BWO),the Honey Badger Algorithm(HBA),and the Jellyfish Search(JS)optimizer.The proposed hybrid algorithm will be referred to as BHJO.Through this fusion,the BHJO algorithm aims to leverage the strengths of each optimizer.Before this hybridization,we thoroughly examined the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the BWO,HBA,and JS metaheuristics,as well as their ability to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation.This meticulous analysis allowed us to identify the pros and cons of each algorithm,enabling us to combine them in a novel hybrid approach that capitalizes on their respective strengths for enhanced optimization performance.In addition,the BHJO algorithm incorporates Opposition-Based Learning(OBL)to harness the advantages offered by this technique,leveraging its diverse exploration,accelerated convergence,and improved solution quality to enhance the overall performance and effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm.Moreover,the performance of the BHJO algorithm was evaluated across a range of both unconstrained and constrained optimization problems,providing a comprehensive assessment of its efficacy and applicability in diverse problem domains.Similarly,the BHJO algorithm was subjected to a comparative analysis with several renowned algorithms,where mean and standard deviation values were utilized as evaluation metrics.This rigorous comparison aimed to assess the performance of the BHJOalgorithmabout its counterparts,shedding light on its effectiveness and reliability in solving optimization problems.Finally,the obtained numerical statistics underwent rigorous analysis using the Friedman post hoc Dunn’s test.The resulting numerical values revealed the BHJO algorithm’s competitiveness in tackling intricate optimization problems,affirming its capability to deliver favorable outcomes in challenging scenarios.

Limit Test and pH Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Jiulongteng Honey

[Objectives]To explore the effect of storage time on pH and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content in Jiulongteng honey.[Methods]The pH of Jiulongteng honey was determined by neutralization titration with sodium hydroxide standard solution.The content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Jiulongteng honey was determined by HPLC.Chromatographic conditions:ZORBAX SB-C 18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)from Agilent Co.,Ltd.,acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid solution(5:95)as mobile phase,flow rate of 0.8 mL/min,5-hydroxymethylfurfural detection wavelength of 284 nm,guanosine detection wavelength of 254 nm.[Results]The pH of 12 batches of Jiulongteng honey was 3.70-3.84 in the new honey stage,3.92-4.05 in the old honey stage 1,and 4.25-4.53 in the old honey stage 2;5-hydroxymethylfurfural was not detected in the new honey stage,5-hydroxymethylfurfural was detected in FM-001 in the old honey stage 1,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was detected in most samples in the old honey stage 2.[Conclusions]The pH and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content of 12 batches of Jiulongteng honey met the requirements within 3 years of storage.There was no 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in Jiulongteng honey,but with the extension of storage time,the detection amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural increased significantly even if Jiulongteng honey was stored at low temperature.Therefore,5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be used as an important indicator of honey freshness.

Hepatic and renal effects of oral stingless bee honey in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model

BACKGROUND Diabetes is known damage the liver and kidney,leading to hepatic dysfunction and kidney failure.Honey is believed to help in lowering the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients and reducing diabetic complications.However,the effect of stingless bee honey(SBH)administration in relieving liver and kidney damage in diabetes has not been well-studied.AIM To investigate the effect of SBH administration on the kidney and liver of streptozotocin-induced(STZ;55 mg/kg)diabetic Sprague Dawley rats.METHODS The rats were grouped as follows(n=6 per group):non-diabetic(ND),untreated diabetic(UNT),metformin-treated(MET),and SBH+metformin-treated(SBME)groups.After successful diabetic induction,ND and UNT rats were given normal saline,whereas the treatment groups received SBH(2.0 g/kg and/or metformin(250 mg/kg)for 12 d.Serum biochemical parameters and histological changes using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)and periodic acid–Schiff(PAS)staining were evaluated.RESULTS On H&E and PAS staining,the ND group showed normal architecture and cellularity of Bowman’s capsule and tubules,whereas the UNT and MET groups had an increased glomerular cellularity and thickened basement membrane.The SBH-treated group showed a decrease in hydropic changes and mild cellularity of the glomerulus vs the ND group based on H&E staining,but the two were similar on PAS staining.Likewise,the SBME-treated group had an increase in cellularity of the glomerulus on H&E staining,but it was comparable to the SBH and ND groups on PAS staining.UNT diabetic rats had tubular hydropic tubules,which were smaller than other groups.Reduced fatty vacuole formation and dilated blood sinusoids in liver tissue were seen in the SBH group.Conversely,the UNT group had high glucose levels,which subsequently increased MDA levels,ultimately leading to liver damage.SBH treatment reduced this damage,as evidenced by having the lowest fasting glucose,serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,and alkaline phosphatase levels compared to other groups,although the levels of liver enzymes were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION The cellularity of the Bowman’s capsule,as well as histological alteration of kidney tubules,glomerular membranes,and liver tissues in diabetic rats after oral SBH resembled those of ND rats.Therefore,SBH exhibited a protective hepatorenal effect in a diabetic rat model.

Honey Dressing of Cutaneous Wounds on Limbs in the Traumatology Orthopaedics Department of Bouaké University Hospital

The study evaluated the effectiveness of honey dressings in healing recent skin wounds with soft tissue loss on limbs. Conducted over a year with 60 patients, results showed a significant reduction in wound size and early healing, with complete recovery on average within 29 days. The study supports honey as a viable wound treatment.

Direct Correlation among Telomere Length, Cellular Aging, and Rejuvenation Effects of Honey Child Powder

Purpose: Telomere length (TL) is an indicator of age;however, hormonal influences complicate individual aging. It remains unclear whether TL shortening is a direct factor in both individual and cellular aging. Therefore, we examined the direct relationship between TL and cellular senescence at the cellular level. Methods: Telomerase activity, TL, and gene expression were measured in cultured human lung-, fetal-, and skin-derived fibroblasts, human skin keratinocytes, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene-immortalized cells using detection kits, Cawthon’s method, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Novel substances that elongate telomeres were screened to confirm cell rejuvenation effects. Results: Long-term cell culture of TIG-1-20 normal human fibroblasts resulted in TL shortening, decreased division rate, and senescence progression, whereas in OUMS-36T-2 cells, TL elongation via TERT gene transfer increased the division rate, reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and upregulated genes associated with young individuals, indicating that cellular rejuvenation occurs via TL elongation. In addition, a honey child powder (HCP) extract was found through screening, and the HCP extract strongly suppressed the menin gene, resulting in increased telomerase activity and extended cell lifespan. Upon addition of the HCP extract to skin fibroblasts, gene expression of moisturizing components, including collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin, increased, and exhibited a rejuvenating effect with an increase in elastin amount. Conclusions: TL elongation or shortening is involved in cell proliferation rate and cellular aging, and TL elongation rejuvenates cells. In addition, HCP extract has a rejuvenating effect on cells and is expected to be a rejuvenating compound.

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Some Honeys from the Savannah-Gallery Forest Complex and Primary Forest in Gabon

Honey harvesting throughout beekeeping is a technology recently introduced in Gabon comparing to the other African countries well known in international honey trade. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the quality of multi-flower honeys from the savannah-gallery forest complex and primary forest not well documented in Gabon. Physical and chemical parameters of different honeys were analyzed using the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The results of physico-chemical analysis show variations in pH (3.4 to 3.9), free acidity (37.12 to 76.65 meq∙kg−1), water content (17.49% to 21.21%), electrical conductivity (0.64 to 1.24 mS∙cm−1), density (1.02 to 1.03) and total sugar content (77% to 82%). These variations were significantly different (p < 0.05) between certain honeys, but independent of the type of ecosystem considered. The pH values confirmed the botanical origin of the five honeys. The physico-chemical parameters of the honeys show significant correlations (p < 0.05). Moisture content is negatively correlated with conductivity (r = −0.628), pH (r = −0.631), density (r = −0.552) and total sugar content (r = −0.890). Conductivity is positively correlated with free acidity (r = 0.688) and total sugar content (r = 0.776), and negatively correlated with water content (r = −0.628). All honeys were in line with Codex Alimentarius standards, except for 3 types of honey (M1, M2 and M4) for free acidity and electrical conductivity, showing possible fermentation of these honeys.

An Efficient Honey Badger Optimization Based Solar MPPT Under Partial Shading Conditions

Due to the enormous utilization of solar energy,the photovoltaic(PV)system is used.The PV system is functioned based on a maximum power point(MPP).Due to the climatic change,the Partial shading conditions have occurred under non-uniform irradiance conditions.In the PV system,the global maximum power point(GMPP)is complex to track in the P-V curve due to the Partial shad-ing.Therefore,several tracking processes are performed using various methods like perturb and observe(P&O),hill climbing(HC),incremental conductance(INC),Fuzzy Logic,Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),Grey Wolf Optimi-zation(GWO)and Flying Squirrel Search Optimization(FSSO)etc.Though,the MPPT is not so efficient when the partial shading is increased.To increase the efficiency and convergences in MMPT,the Honey Badger optimization(HBO)algorithm is presented.This HBO model is motivated by the excellent foraging behaviour of honey badgers.This HBO model is used to achieve the best solution in GMPP tracking and speed convergence.The HBO methodology is also com-pared with prior P&O,WOA and FSSO methods using MATLAB.Therefore,the experiment shows that the HBO method is performed a higher tracking than all prior methods.

An Improved Honey Badger Algorithm through Fusing Multi-Strategies

TheHoney Badger Algorithm(HBA)is a novelmeta-heuristic algorithm proposed recently inspired by the foraging behavior of honey badgers.The dynamic search behavior of honey badgers with sniffing and wandering is divided into exploration and exploitation in HBA,which has been applied in photovoltaic systems and optimization problems effectively.However,HBA tends to suffer from the local optimum and low convergence.To alleviate these challenges,an improved HBA(IHBA)through fusing multi-strategies is presented in the paper.It introduces Tent chaotic mapping and composite mutation factors to HBA,meanwhile,the random control parameter is improved,moreover,a diversified updating strategy of position is put forward to enhance the advantage between exploration and exploitation.IHBA is compared with 7 meta-heuristic algorithms in 10 benchmark functions and 5 engineering problems.The Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test,Friedman Test and Mann-WhitneyU Test are conducted after emulation.The results indicate the competitiveness and merits of the IHBA,which has better solution quality and convergence traits.The source code is currently available from:https://github.com/zhaotao789/IHBA.

Hybrid Chameleon and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm for QoS-Based Cloud Service Composition Problem

Cloud computing facilitates the great potentiality of storing and managing remote access to services in terms of software as a service(SaaS).Several organizations have moved towards outsourcing over the cloud to reduce the burden on local resources.In this context,the metaheuristic optimization method is determined to be highly suitable for selecting appropriate services that comply with the requirements of the client’s requests,as the services stored over the cloud are too complex and scalable.To achieve better service composition,the parameters of Quality of Service(QoS)related to each service considered to be the best resource need to be selected and optimized for attaining potential services over the cloud.Thus,the cloud service composition needs to concentrate on the selection and integration of services over the cloud to satisfy the client’s requests.In this paper,a Hybrid Chameleon and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HCHBOA)-based cloud service composition scheme is presented for achieving efficient services with satisfying the requirements ofQoS over the cloud.This proposed HCHBOA integrated the merits of the Chameleon Search Algorithm(CSA)and Honey Badger Optimization Algorithm(HBOA)for balancing the tradeoff between the rate of exploration and exploitation.It specifically used HBOA for tuning the parameters of CSA automatically so that CSA could adapt its performance depending on its incorporated tuning factors.The experimental results of the proposed HCHBOA with experimental datasets exhibited its predominance by improving the response time by 21.38%,availability by 20.93%and reliability by 19.31%with a minimized execution time of 23.18%,compared to the baseline cloud service composition schemes used for investigation.

Evaluation on Soil Improvement Effects of Organic Fertilization in Honey Peach Orchard in the Longquan Mountain

Combined application of organic fertilizer is an effective measure to improve the productivity and ecological effect of newly added soil.However,the effect of organic fertilizer application in newly added orchard soil is not clear.In this project,the soil of newly built peach orchard in the Longquan Mountain of Chengdu was applied with 45 t/hm 2 of organic fertilizer.After 9 months of planting 6 varieties of honey peach(Wanhujing,Baifeng,Zhongtao 13,Huangjinmitao 1,Zhongpan 101,Zhongpan 104),the locally well developed peach orchard was taken as the control.The physical and chemical properties of soil from four topography(top slope,middle slope,lower slope and flat land)of newly built peach orchard were analyzed,and the effect of organic fertilizer on soil was evaluated.The results showed that combined application of organic fertilizer had different effects on soils from orchards with different varieties of peach and from different terrain parts of the same peach variety.Specifically,it had the best effect on soil improvement in Baifeng(local variety),Zhongpan 101 and Zhongpan 104(introduced varieties).Meanwhile,the best effect of soil improvement was found on top slope.Cluster analysis divided newly built peach orchards,uncultivated soil,and locally well developed peach orchard into four groups,indicating that the selected amount of organic fertilizer application in this study has improved the soil of peach orchards to some extent,but it was still necessary to increase the application amount.It was better for 54 t/hm 2 amount of organic fertilization on the part of top and middle slope,and 60 t/hm 2 on the lower slope and flat land.The comprehensive ecological benefit assessment of organic fertilizer should be conducted based on long-term monitoring of peach orchard ecological environment,fruit tree growth,fruit yield and quality,which would provide scientific basis for peach orchard production and management.

Captcha-Based Honey Net Model against Malicious Codes

The rate of passive and active attacks has been on the increase lately affecting both individuals and institutions. Even when internal control procedures are in place, malicious codes from intruders into the network have left so much to be desired. As a result, many Chief Information Security Officers have grown grey hair because of their inability to effectively handle attacks from various ends. Various attempts and technologies have been made in the time past with a measure of success. Intrusion Detection Software (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Software, firewall, honey pots and honey nets have been deployed and with great respite from losses arising from cyber-attacks. Cyber security is the duty of everyone and all must see it as such. As tiers of government and law enforcement agents are doing their best, everybody must be seen to play their parts. Fraudsters have also not seemed to be tired of seeking vulnerabilities to exploit. Then, cyber security experts should not let off their guards but make efforts to harden their security. A way of doing is to intelligently provide a solution that has the capability of detecting and proactively hardening security. This paper proposes a honey net model that is captcha-based and capable of extracting details from hackers with a view to building a robust defense against black hat attackers. This research was able to prevent the botnet with the use of captcha and also redirect suspected traffic to the honeynet which was then captured for the purpose of improving the security of the network. The result showed that any bandwidth greater than the set threshold was not allowed to go into the network but redirected to honeynet where details were logged. Also, with a threshold of 100 mbs, inbound traffic of higher bandwidth such as 110 mbs and 150 mbs was denied access thereby giving 100% detection rate.

Differential distribution of authenticity results of different varieties of refined honey based on stable isotope ratio method

Objective Using the stable isotope ratio method for the authenticity identification and variety identification of refined honey.Methods In this paper,a total of 17 samples of different varieties of refined honey were used to obtain refined honey proteins by precipitation with sodium tungstate solution and sulphuric acid solution.The isotope mass spectrometer was used to simultaneously detect theδ^(13)C values of refined honey proteins and refined honey as well as theδ^(18)O andδ^(2)H values of refined honey,processed of the results obtained,analysed the authenticity of the samples and conduct a variety identification study.Results Tested of the resulting honey samples,the results showed that four batches of refined honey did not up to standard,two batches of C-4 vegetable syrup were detected as adulterated,and two batches of protein were not detected.Theδ^(18)O andδ^(2)H values of refined honey were also found to be effective in distinguishing the varietal origin of refined honey to a certain extent.Conclusions The stable isotope ratio method is useful in the authenticity identification of refined honey,and provides new ideas to further promote the authenticity of refined honey and variety identification research.

Study on the Chromatographic Fingerprint of Volatile Constituents from Acacia Honey

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study chromatographic fingerprint in volatile components of acacia honey and provide scientific evaluation and effective control on quality of acacia honey.[Method] Using solid-phase microextraction method to separate and detect volatile components and construct chromatographic fingerprint.[Result] The honey was preheated for 15 min in water bath at 40 ℃ and solid-phase microextraction 85 μmPA was used to extract in overhead air about 30 min,then put it into the injector and desorpted 3 min,which is in 230 ℃.The Supelco WaxTM10 30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm column and gradient heating program was the best method to separate volatile components from honey.83 fingerprint peaks were constructed,among which 17 common fingerprint peaks were comprised of chromatographic fingerprint of volatile components of acacia honey.[Conclusion] The chromatographic fingerprint could provide reference for quality control of acacia honey.

The Determination of Heavy Metal Elements in Honey by MWD-ICP-AES

In order to build method for measuring of elements in honey, the contents of Ba, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Mn, Se had been determined by microwave diges- tion （MWD） and actively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The results show that, the range of heavy metal elements were in the range of 0- 10.0 mg/L, with good linear relationship. In addition, all correlation coefficients kept higher than 0.999, and the recovery rate of ample added with standard solution was in 94.1%-110%. By comparison with the result of chemical experiment, the method was quickly accessible and convenient, widely used in the measurement of elements in honey, with satisfactory results.

Ultrasonic Sound Hot Extract—Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavone in Comb Honey

[Objective] The aim was to establish a rapid method for the determination of the content of total flavonoids in the honey comb. [Method] The content of total flavonoids weas determined based on samples including comb honey, propolis, royal jelly, linden tree honey, with a polyamide column chromatography by spectrophotometry at 360 nm wavelength. [Result] The recovery rate of the method was above 90%, and the variation coefficient was lower than 2%. Compared with the traditional method, this method has less reagent consumption, simple operation and so on.[Conclusion] The content of total flavonoids in comb honey was 14.97 mg/100 g, although is only 0.87% of the total flavone content in propolis. The contained total flavonoids at least doubled than that of others and comb honey is more valuable in the content of flavonoids.

网络协同安全系统的动态Honey及控制技术

主动式动态网络防御技术是当前网络安全中的一个热点。结合应用协同和联动技术,设计了动态Honey的网络防御系统。构建了两层的防御控制体系,使防火墙、入侵检测、Honey之间实现了有效的互动,提升了网络防御的能力。

Quality Detection of Hainan Honey Pomelo

Quality analysis was performed to major cultivars, ‘Hongxin pomelo’ and ‘Wuzi pomelo＇ with uniform maturity. Total soluble solid （TSS）, titratable acid, vita- min C, juice yield, edible rate, single-fruit weight and pesticide residues of the 2 cultivars were detected. The results showed that： the TSS contents of ‘Hongxin pomelo＇ and ‘Wuzi pomelo＇ were in the range of 8%-12%, the vitamin C contents were in the range of 0.3-0.6 g/L, the juice yields were in the range of 56%-68%, the edible rates were in the range of 52%-68%, and the single-fruit weights were in the range of 1-2.5 kg. The titratable acid content was higher in ‘Hongxin pomelo＇ than in ‘Wuzi pomelo＇. Only Dursban and imidacloprid were detected at low con- centrations in pericarp, and the residues of the 3 pesticides were all lower than their detection limits. Therefore, honey pomelo produced in Hainan all could be ate safely.

Analysis of Flavone Content in Honey of Pomegranate Flowers

[Objective] The aim was to analyze content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers. [Method] Contents of total flavones in 24 honey samples of pomegranate flowers from Mengzi City in 2011 and 2012 were measured as per- spectrophotometry method with acetone as an extractant and rutin as a control. [Result] The average content of flavones in honey of pomegranate flowers was at （2.36±1.36）mg/100 g in 2011 and significantly higher than that in 2012 at （1.71± 0.53）mg/100 g. Analysis was conducted on flavones content in different batches and the results indicated that content of flavones in honey in different batches changed from increasing to decreasing, namely, the content was maximal in peak flowering stage, followed by late flowering stage and initial flowering stage. [Conclusion] The research provides references for development, use and function exploration of the honey of pomegranate flowers.

Synergistic Effects of Nitric Oxide and Harvest Maturity on Quality of Honey Peach during Cold Storage

In this study, peaches of cv. ＇Sui Yuan＇ with different maturities were treated with 0.05 mM sodium nitroprusside （SNP）, a nitric oxide donor, for 5 min, at 28℃, and then stored at 0-1.5℃ for 30 days. Untreated fruits stored under the same conditions were used as control fruits in the experiment. The browning level, activities of polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxydase （POD） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and quality parameters （firmness, titratable acid, total soluble solids and total sugar） were analyzed. The results showed that the firmness of SNP-treated fruit at different stage of maturity were higher than that of the control fruit after storage for 30 days. However, no significant effect was found on total soluble solid content. The titratable acid content of low maturity fruit was higher in SNP-treated one than that of the control, but the titratable acid content of high maturity fruit treated by SNP was lower than that of the control on 10th and 30th day. In addition, the combination of SNP treatment and high maturity resulted in higher activities of SOD, lower activity of PPO and POD, lower browning level. Therefore, the combination of high maturity and SNP treatment might be a useful method to well maintain honey peach fruit quality during cold storage.