HY-1C Coastal Zone Imager observations of the suspended sediment content distribution details in the sea area near Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China

The impacts of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HKZMB)on suspended sediment content(SSC)were analysed in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on data from HY-1C,which was launched in September 2018 in China,carrying Coastal Zone Imager(CZI)and Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner on it.A new SSC inversion model was established based on the relationship between in-situ SSC and the remote sensing reflectance in red and near-infrared bands of CZI image.HY-1C satellite data obtained from October to December 2019 were applied to retrieve SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary.The results show that SSC around the HKZMB is ranging from 20 mg/L to 95 mg/L.SSC change obviously on two sides of the bridge.During flooding and ebbing period,SSC increases obviously downstream of the bridge.SSC difference between upstream and downstream is ranging from 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L.Currents flowing across the HKZMB,the change trend of SSC in most places upstream and downstream is almost the same that SSC downstream of the bridge is higher than SSC upstream.The tidal currents interact with bridge piers,inducing vortexes downstream,leading the sediment to re-suspend downstream of the bridge piers.Other factors,including seafloor topography and wind,can also contribute to the distribution of SSC in the Zhujiang River Estuary.

Pavement structure and materials design for sea-crossing bridges and tunnel:Case study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

With the continuous development of bridge and tunnel construction technologies,large-scale sea-crossing bridges and tunnels have gradually become the preferred choice for regional traffic.The construction technology of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB),one of the most representative sea-crossing passageways,is instructive for the construction of other large sea-crossing infrastructures.At present,the pavement design method of sea-crossing passageways lacks pertinence as it still refers to specifications for design of common pavement.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the bridge and tunnel pavement of HZMB as a typical example to analyze key technical problems encountered in its design,construction and operation.Novel solutions for material selection and structural design built upon the analysis of such critical problems should thus follow up.Based on comprehensive literature research,it can be found that environmental variability,tunnel closure,structural differential settlement and expansion deformation are the key technical problems faced by pavement of sea-crossing passageways.In view of the environmental variability,the steel deck-paving material and structure design of GMA-10 t SMA-13 is innovatively proposed.As for the closure of immersed tube tunnel,warm-mix flame retardant asphalt mixture is used to control pavement design through key indexes such as temperature and limit oxygen index.Regarding the deformation of immersed pipe joints,BJ200 asphalt seamless expansion joint material is introduced,which effectively satisfies the multi-directional deformation between pipe joints and ensures the smoothness of the road surface and driving comfort.For segmental joints,double-layer waterproof-coiled material is used to effectively prevent reflective cracks while ensuring the continuity of asphalt concrete pavement.Therefore,this paper provides a panel of ideas and methods for the pavement design of the same type of sea-crossing passageways.

Drivability of Large Diameter Steel Cylinders During Hammer-Group Vibratory Installation for the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(HZMB)involved the installation of 120 mega-cylinders with a diameter of 22 m,weights up to 513 t,and penetration depths up to 33 m using an eight-vibratory hammer group.Due to the lack of engineering experience on the drivability of large-diameter cylinders under multiple vibratory hammers,predicting the penetration rate and time of steel cylinders is an open challenge that has a considerable impact on the construction control of the HZMB.In this study,the vibratory penetration of large-diameter steel cylinders in the HZMB is investigated based on geological surveys,field monitoring,and drivability analysis.The vibratory penetration rate,installation accuracy,and dynamic responses of the steel cylinders at both the eastern and western artificial islands are analyzed.The dynamic soil resistance has a great influence on the cylinder drivability.However,the current design methods for estimating the vibratory driving soil resistance are proven inaccurate without considering the scale effects.Therefore,a modified method with a normalized effective area ratio A_(r,eff)is proposed in this study to calculate the vibratory soil resistance for open-ended thin-wall cylinders under unplugged conditions.Considering the scale effects on the vibratory driving soil resistance,the proposed method leads to closer results to the measured data,providing a reference for future engineering practice.

广东省中山市专精特新中小型企业在粤港澳大湾区的发展路径研究——基于深中通道契机

本文基于中山市专精特新中小型企业在粤港澳大湾区发展的路径,特别以深中通道为契机进行分析。首先,通过系统梳理相关资料和深入调研分析,本文提出深中通道作为连接深圳和中山的重要交通基础设施,为专精特新中小型企业的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。其次,通过历年数据比较提出中山市专精特新中小型企业在粤港澳大湾区发展路径需要注重技术创新和产业升级。最后,本文指出政府应加大对专精特新企业的支持力度,提供更加便利的政策环境和资金扶持,同时企业应把国际合作与拓展海外市场作为发展中的重要策略。

The design philosophy and bridge＇s technical innovation of Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

This article introduces the project overview, construction goal and design philosophy of Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Based on large scale, factory production, standardization and assemble line, the innova- tive concept is taken as the general principle for design with the emphasis on description of the new material, new technology, new construction method and new equipment used in the design. The application of innovative technology has provided a solid foundation and favorable guarantee for project quality and design service

论跨江越海建设隧道的技术优势与问题

为商榷在以往规划跨江越海工程时对修建隧道方案有些场合只是作为修建桥梁方案的一种备选方案的观念,文中论证了修建水下隧道在技术、方法、经济等方面的优势、特色及其存在的问题与不足,使业界可较为全面而客观地认识水下隧道在跨江越海工程中的地位。通过列举国内若干典型的已建、在建和正在进行方案研讨的水下隧道工程,从理论和实践经验出发提出了适合建桥、建隧以及桥隧结合方案有关的江床地形地貌、工程地质、水文地质和当地实际条件,对修建桥梁和修建水下隧道方案进行了比较,分析了二者的优缺点、适用场合和局限性;通过列举水下高速铁路、公路隧道的典型范例,总结了适合修建水下隧道的有利条件,并对水下隧道施工和运营过程中出现的诸多困难和问题进行了分析讨论。认为:在规划跨江越海工程时,应综合当地的自然、生态、地质、水文、河工、港口、航道和航运等诸相关条件,通过多方案比较,更加客观地妥慎优选适合各具体工程的最佳方案;水下建隧的优缺点共存,水下隧道有其独特的技术、经济优越性,事实上现已被越来越多的跨江越海工程所采用。

港珠澳跨海集群工程海底沉管隧道防火设计

港珠澳跨海集群工程海底隧道是目前世界上最长的公路沉管隧道,运营期设置有主动与被动的双重防火系统。结合港珠澳海底沉管隧道的主要技术特点,提出防火设计中热释放率、火灾次数、耐火等级以及采取防护措施后构件的主要耐火指标。依据工程防火的具体实施条件,通过综合比较,沉管结构防火设计采用防火板直接覆面方式,沉管接头防火采用由刚性防火板与柔性防火隔断共同组成的具有自主知识产权的双层防护系统。

港珠澳大桥设计技术标准研究——设计寿命的确定及对策

由于内地和香港地区的规范关于港珠澳大桥设计寿命规定有差异,在合理分析后确定大桥采用120年的设计寿命,为满足这一要求的主要对策措施包括设计寿命对应的荷载标准取值、合理的结构构造、强腐蚀海洋环境中的耐久性保证措施等。进而根据耐久性研究结果,对基本环境作用类别与等级、构件耐久性极限状态及设计使用年限、不同混凝土构件的主要控制指标及表面裂缝计算宽度限值、钢结构主要部件的防腐措施等内容进行了总结。

水蔓菁中黄酮类化合物的研究

从民间草药玄参科植物水蔓菁[Veronica linariifolia Pall. ex Link. sub dilatata(Nakai et Litagawa)Hong.]的干燥全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到三个黄酮甙和两个黄酮甙元,其中甙Ⅰ是新化合物,命名为水蔓菁甙(linariifolioside)。根据光谱数据和水解产物分析确定甙Ⅰ的结构为木犀草素-7-O-6″′-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖甙[luteolin-7-O-6″′-O-acetyl-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside]。另外甙Ⅱ,甙Ⅲ以及两个甙元为已知物,分别为木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖甙[luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucoside,Ⅱ]和芹黄素-7-O-x-L-鼠李糖甙(apigenin-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside,Ⅲ)、以及木犀草素(luteolin,Ⅳ)和芹黄素(apigenin,Ⅴ)。这些化合物在水蔓菁中均是首次得到。

全球金融危机下的香港联系汇率制:困境、持续性及改革方向

当前全球金融危机使香港联系汇率制承受巨大压力,再次引发了关于联系汇率制应否废除的争论。本文首先介绍香港目前面临的经济困境及香港汇率制度受置疑的原因,然后从政府信誉、退出时机、备选方案不成熟等方面,论述了香港应维持现有汇率制度的原因,最后提出中短期及长期阶段香港联系汇率制度的改革方向。

论女性文学视野中的萧红与林白的创作

80年代以来的女性文学,以林白为代表的一翼,事实上承接了萧红等一代女性作家写作的路数,从另一扇开启的门侧身而出,打开自我救赎的通道,实现了窥破男权社会神话以后从控诉到复仇、从逃逸到飞翔之梦。

港珠澳大桥水下隧道工程的HSE风险管理应用与示范

水下隧道属于建设条件复杂、工程规模大的系统工程,建设期风险事件频发,应引入适应于水下隧道工程特点的先进风险管理方式。港珠澳大桥首次将职业健康、安全及环境(HSE)风险管理手段应用到海底隧道建设过程,针对沉管隧道施工过程中主要涉及的HSE方面的风险源及风险事件,确定出HSE风险评价中采用LEC法的评分指标,对工程建设期的HSE类危险源进行分类识别与评价,结合量化的HSE风险管理目标,制定出相应的对策措施,对可能带来严重后果的3级以上风险进行整改完善,并针对工程中具有显著高风险的中华白海豚保护与异常极端天气作业的2项2级重大风险事件制定应急预案。HSE风险管理在港珠澳海底隧道长达7年的建设过程中起到了重要的风险管控与指导作用,有效规避了工程实施过程中各种职业健康、安全及环境类高风险事件的发生,管理方式与措施均可为同类工程起到较好的示范作用。

邗沟、菏水与鸿沟——兼论黄河与长江两大流域水运的沟通

江淮间的邗沟、商鲁间的菏水与中原腹地的鸿沟水系是春秋战国时期东亚大陆著名的水运工程,这三条运河不仅各自具有其行经路线、航运及灌溉功能,而且它们三者还相互贯通,形成了一个完整的水运系统,沟通了黄河流域与长江流域的水运交通,邗沟、菏水与鸿沟的联通标志着中国历史上的运河开始进入到有完整体系的时代,其价值与意义重大。

金融危机下香港联系汇率制的可持续性与变革路径研究

全球金融危机爆发致使香港联系汇率制承受压力,废除与否的争论再次引起关注。本文首先介绍香港目前面临的经济困境,并阐述了香港汇率制度受置疑的原因;接着从政府信誉、退出时机、备选方案不成熟等多方面,证明香港应维持现有汇率制度;最后提出中短期及长期下,香港联系汇率制度的改革方向。

粤港澳大湾区经济依存与经济联动发展实证研究

粤港澳大湾区享有独特的区位优势和政策红利,地区之间经济依存关系紧密,已逐渐发展成为推动我国经济高质量发展的最重要经济区域。在分析粤港澳大湾区经济发展现状特征、测度分析大湾区经济依存关系基础上,构建虚拟变量回归模型,实证研究粤港澳大湾区经济联动发展问题,研究表明:粤港澳大湾区经济依存度和经济发展空间分布极为不平衡,第三产业发展迅速但存在较大转型提升空间,经济依存度对大湾区经济联动发展具有显著影响。因此,应深化粤港澳合作,实现大湾区联动发展;优化产业空间布局,推动大湾区产业高度化转型;完善创新体制机制,加快优质资源向粤港澳大湾区集聚。

香港联系汇率制度稳健运行的影响因素

2008年金融危机爆发以来,一方面,美国为维持其经济地位而频繁变动货币政策,使得港美之间的利差逐渐增大;另一方面,中国内地与香港地区的经济往来越来越密切,两地的贸易往来和直接投资水平都间接影响着香港联系汇率制度的稳健运行。为此,选取1997—2019年月度衡量指标,通过建立VAR模型定量分析中国内地与香港地区间资本流动额、港美利率差、相对通货膨胀水平以及香港外汇干预程度这几大因素对港币汇率变动的影响。结果表明,在影响港币汇率的各因素中,港美利差、中国内地与香港地区的资本流动水平对港币汇率的影响显著,而相对通货膨胀水平及外汇干预程度等因素的影响相对较小。因此,建议从放宽港币兑美元的波动幅度,完善并加强对金融活动的监督,增强内地对香港维持金融体系稳定的支持等方面来维持港币汇率的稳定。

A fuzzy model for assessing the risk exposure of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through public-private partnership： The case of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Considering the rapid urbanization growth rate particularly in developing countries, the number of infrastructure mega-projects over the past years has risen tremendously. Essentially, because infrastructure megaprojects require huge investment funds, better management skills, well qualified and experienced international expertise and technology innovation, they are mostly preferred to be procured using the PPP method compare to the use of the traditional bid-build system. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a fuzzy evaluation model for assessing the suitability of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through PPP by considering their risk exposure. The main body of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB)is used as a case project to demonstrate the practicality of the risk evaluation model. The risk evaluation model consists of four critical risk groupings, these include,construction and land risks, commercial risks, operational risks and political risks. Using the risk evaluation equation,a risk index of 4.53 out of 5.00 is computed for the selected project if it is procured through the PPP scheme. This outcome shows that the case project is not suitable for the PPP approach because its risk exposure is very high. The model developed will enable PPP practitioners to predict the likely risk exposure of procuring infrastructure megaprojects through the PPP scheme.

Meta-synthesis management framework of a complex project： A case study of the deck pavement project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Innovative technology and deep uncertainty during the design and construction process of complex projects introduce great challenges to their organization and management.The traditional methods,represented in the project management body of knowledge(PMBOK)guide,can solve systematic problems;however,they cannot solve complex problems.Based on the management practice implemented in the deck pavement project of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB),in this work,we propose a meta-synthesis management framework for a complex project from the perspective of the science of complexity.The method deems that the complexity of the project has the characteristic of being multi-scale both in the design phase and the construction phase.These problems can be classified into different categories,each of which requires a different strategy.As a result,it is first necessary to adopt the"exploration"strategy to reduce project complexity and to transform the deep uncertainty problems into systematic problems.Then,the"exploitation"strategy should be used to apply the PMBOK and other traditional methods to achieve the design and construction goals of the project and to improve its efficiency.More specifically,in the design phase of a complex project,the"innovative integration"process is used for the exploration of the new engineering technology and knowledge;then,the"functional integration"process is employed to define the system architecture,the interface relationship,the technical index,and other functions.In the construction phase,the"adaptive integration"process is used for the construction of the engineering organization system;next,the"efficient integration"process is employed to improve the actual construction performance.The meta-synthesis management framework proposed in this work reveals the multi-scale principle of solving complex problems in the management practice of a complex project,and develops the methodology of metasynthesis.

Social responsibility in infrastructure mega-projects： A case study of ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.

How does the improved DB mode degrade the complex integrity of infrastructure mega-projects？ Evidence from the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project in China

Complex integrity is one of the main characteristics of infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs). Cost,technology, risk, duration, environmental impact, and other uncertain complexities are interrelated and constitute a challenging and complex management problem. At present, there is no unified understanding of or solutions to these complex integrity problems. This study analyzes the complex integrity of the island-tunnel subproject of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB) project and proposes an improved design-build(DB) mode in which the owner provides a preliminary design and has the right to form and manage consortium. This improved DB mode creatively degrades the special complexities that arise from multiple dimensions. On this basis, it is an efficacious way to grasp the main contradictions, integrate the effective resources, and degrade the complex integrity in multiple dimensions and at multiple levels so as to effectively deal with the complexity management of IMPs.