A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

Investigation on the Integration of “Gao” in Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin

From the diachronic dimension,this paper makes a two-way interactive investigation on the integration of Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Mandarin.“Gao”is a delexical verb in contemporary Chinese.In different words and expressions related to“gao”character,there are mutual absorptions between Chinese mainland and Hong Kong,which is characterized by starting from nothing to something and from less to more.

S. E. M. analysis of quartz sand grains from selected Hong Kong and Chinese littoral environments

This pilot study attempts to demonstrate some underlying scanning electron microscopy themes of quartz grain surface textures. A variety of textural patterns and individual features are described for grains selected from various littoral environments. An attempt was made to differentiate samples on surface textures alone, but limitations of using this technique in sedimentological isolation were apparent. Statistical analysis of checklist data and photographic evidence revealed some of the more important feature combinations used in environmental diagnosis. The use of discriminant analysis provided quantitative sample separation.

Chinese medicine practitioner turnover rate and the development of Chinese medicine in Hong Kong,China

Objective:To establish that the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)government is actively promoting Chinese medicine(CM)and to examine turnover rate of Chinese medicine practitioners(CMPs)in Hong Kong,China in light of this governmental push.Methods:This study covered two major areas:reviewing CM development in Hong Kong,and assessing the turnover rate of CMPs in Hong Kong.The first part of the paper is a historical review.The investigation of turnover rate had two sections.Section 1,quantitative method,involved online questionnaires;Section 2,qualitative method comprised interviews with CMPs from different types of CM clinics to ascertain the reasons for the turnover among CMPs.Results:A total of 123 online questionnaires were received in Section 1(55 from male CMPs;66 from female CMPs;2 respondents were unwilling to disclose their sex).The proportion of CMPs who had resigned in 2018e19 was 22.8%(28),of whom 5.7%(7)had resigned twice in one year.The rates of resignation in 3 years and 5 years were up to 40.7%(50)and 56.9%(70),respectively.Six CMPs were interviewed in Section 2.Young CMPs were more likely to resign than seniors.The large gap between actual salary and expectations appeared to be the main reason for the high rate of resignation.Conclusion:HKSAR government keenly desires to promote CM in Hong Kong,however,high turnover rate of CMPs was detected even under this positive governmental support.There is an urgent need to conduct a more representative study of the reasons for the inclination of CMPs in Hong Kong.The study highlights an important issue in CM development,and these results should remind different stakeholders in the CM industry and the government that CMPs need better career prospects and support in various areas.

THE CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

Over the years,population growth and industrial development in Hong Kong has caused serious pollution of the environ-ment.To ensure that we will live in a healthy environment,we need to have a broader view of economic efficiency that incor-porates environmental quality as one of the dimensions of"economic success".This has become an acute problem for theworld in general and Hong Kong in particular.

A Holy Hall of Chinese Traditional Arts——Hong Bao Tang & Its Host Mr.Cheng Maoquan

The Chinese traditional cultures are es- sential part of the 5,000-year civilization of China.It has become more and more important how to pass on the quintessence of the Chinese traditional culture when the national economy is advancing by leap and bounds.

Chinese Cultural Images Represented in Tripmaster Monkey： His Fake Book

his paper analyzes the Chinese cultural images represented in Tripmaster Monkey:His Fake Book,and the reasons of the differences between Chinese traditional cultural images in Chinese Four Great Classical Novels and those mentioned in this book.

Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women

AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(< 40 years old) vs older patients(≥ 40 years old) for subsequent analyses.RESULTS: Analysis on the sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older counterparts.CONCLUSION: Younger patients in Hong Kong are more likely to encounter risk factors associated with breast cancer development and have more aggressive tumours than their older counterparts.

中华民族共同体话语的历史溯源和媒介构建——基于抗战时期香港进步报刊的考察

作为重要政治话语资源的中华民族共同体意识近年来引发学界关注。通过“话语的历史”与“历史的话语”双重互动维度,探讨相关话语在抗战时期香港进步报刊的历史溯源和媒介构建。研究发现,1936年的《生活日报》以“大众文化”的推广促进了抗日救亡“民族联合阵线”的形成,1938年创刊的港版《大公报》从“明耻教战至一心抗战”并且“团结各方并声讨汪逆”,1941年的《华商报》更是注意到“五洲四海”的“民族解放与世界运命”,勾勒出相关话语的产生、强化和拓展,以及话语主体与对象的内在逻辑;而中华民族共同体观念的历史资源和现实需求塑造着话语的缘由,抗战时期香港进步报刊上的友敌想象、编读实践与统战宣传则呈现了话语的影响;同时,香港进步报刊的独特性体现在其作为纽带和桥梁的作用显著,拓展着中华民族共同体的多维立体空间。为在港地较为复杂的舆论场中处理好话语表征的问题,和为港民的国家认同与人心回归制定出话语动员的策略,提供来自历史层面的参照。

粤港澳大湾区高等职业教育中外合作办学:实践审思与路径探究

粤港澳大湾区作为国家战略核心区域,其高等职业教育中外合作办学的重要性体现在响应全面开放新格局、服务区域一体化进程、助推职业教育体系改革及应对产业升级对高质量技能人才需求等多个层面。区域内高等职业教育中外合作办学已取得一定成效,但在体系完善、资源分配、国际化深度等方面的存在不足。在对粤港澳大湾区高等职业教育中外合作办学的实践进行全面梳理的基础上,深入地审思解析现有问题,从宏观政策引导、微观教育实践两个层面出发,提出探索适应大湾区特点与需求的新时代职业教育中外合作办学路径与策略。

四气合璧,华彩照程——曹惠民的台港澳海外华文文学研究

曹惠民是台港澳海外华文文学研究名家和大家,其研究特色可归结为“四气”,即底气大气、锐气和灵气。底气源自其深湛的学养和原典实证的精神,大气源自其开阔的学术视野和胸襟,锐气源自其敏锐的学术先觉和责任,灵气源自其为学为文的细心和慧心。曹惠民“整合两岸,兼容雅俗”“多元共生的中华文学”,以及“四没有一不”的治学理念和实践,“四气”以贯,开拓并引领了台港澳海外华文文学研究的进程。

香港地区中医执业资格考试之现况与改革建议

目前国家把中医药传承发展需要的中医临床合格人才作为中医执业资格考试的目的。通过香港地区、内地(大陆)与台湾地区三地执业资格考试现况的比较,从中医发展现况、国家中医人才需求及本地中医业界意见等入手探讨香港地区的中医执业资格考试制度。结论是因目前所需的中医人才在中医思维、经典与临床实践能力都有较高的要求,故执业资格考试亟需在目的、内容、方式、参加资格与课程要求等方面做相应改革,并结合有系统的中医人才培训计划及资历架构以提升中医专业素质,另建议设立“香港中医专业学院”以进行执业资格考试的相关改革事宜。

葛洪医学身体观初探

葛洪作为魏晋时期的道教理论家、医学家、养生学家,其医学身体观主要涵括于《抱朴子》尤其是《内篇》中,充分展示了葛洪的医学身体观,是我国医学身体观发展史上的重要组成部分。葛洪以“玄”“道”为本体,通过“一”这一基质连接万物,形成了“玄、道—一—万物”的宇宙生化模式,将身体纳入这一生化系统中,认为人身禀受“玄”“道”,“感气而生”,以“气—形—神”为医学身体建构模式,形神并重。葛洪认为“寿命在我”,形成了以身体“不伤不损”为前提、“我命由我不由天”的身体养护理念,并将这一养护理念融入方方面面,小至日常生活,大至治国理政,悉数具备。其“旧身不改”“仙化不死”的思想为身体建构了生命无限的理想境界,内涵深刻,意蕴丰富。葛洪医学身体观对中国医学身体观的建构影响深远,而且对中国医学理论、疾病预防、养生保健等产生了广泛影响。

花木生产与园林营造:清末广州花地的生产性景观及其公共化

清末广州花地在中西文化交流史、贸易史、植物史上扮演着重要角色。十三行外贸时期,作为广州观赏植物的培育与产销基地,花地是清政府特许西方人可以游憩的地方之一,也是西方植物学家获取中国植物样本的主要来源地。以现状为基础,综合应用文献资料与历史地图,对比考证花地的河涌分布,复原清末花地园圃的历史空间格局,并进一步梳理了花地花木培育、销售等生产性景观的形成,以及私园化、公共化的发展趋势。研究表明:在繁荣的中西贸易与园事活动推动下,清末广州花地形成了以河涌为地理基础,以花圩为展销地,数十处苗圃花园集合的独特生产性景观。中西人士频繁开展的赏游活动推动了花地的私园营造与公共化,促使园林成为公共活动、文化和知识生产的主要空间场所。

文学创新与文化建构——论汤亭亭的跨语言写作

汤亭亭的文学性与文化性特色在其跨语言写作中有着充分展示。她将粤方言、标准汉语及中式的洋泾浜英语纳入了自己的文学语言之中,有机地达成了英语与汉语两种语言的跨语言写作。她的异质语言文字的整合运用写作实践中蕴含着多重文化指涉。借助跨语言写作,汤亭亭在一定程度上实现了她创作另类诗化小说的理想。以汤亭亭为代表的华裔作者在跨语言写作中结合了中西文化,较好地实现了异质文化的融合。这既是文学创新,也是文化建构,从侧面展现了中国文化和思想在异域的极强生命力,具有较大的理论价值和现实意义。

战后中共在中国台湾的隐蔽战线——洪国式个案探微

国共内战期间,中国共产党对敌斗争有一套独特而隐蔽的工作模式,被称为“隐蔽战线”。为促成中国台湾解放、完成国家统一,中华人民共和国成立后,中共安排洪国式等人暗中抵台,以便建立、发展岛内隐蔽战线。洪国式初衷是策反海空军重要将领,希望以此获取重要军事情报,为解放中国台湾提供助力。洪国式在中国台湾的地下工作,利用既有人际网络,向中国台湾军方渗透,获得了一些情报,有助于动摇国民党军心、打击国民党退台残余势力。虽然洪国式在中国台湾从事地下活动时间不长便被捕,实际发挥的作用有限,但作为中共解放中国台湾隐蔽战线历史的一部分,有其特殊的研究价值。

美华文学中的美国语言与本地性传统——以汤亭亭作品中知识分子形象为视角

汤亭亭的作品中反复刻画着来自中国的父亲与惠特曼•阿新、书生与嬉皮士这样一对文化形象,其目的不在于呈现华人-美国人的二元选择,而是本土语言之于经验、历史积累作用的反映。强调自己美国现代作家身份的汤亭亭有意识地梳理自沃尔特•惠特曼以来的“美国语言”,与威廉•卡洛斯•威廉斯一样,她在惠特曼•阿新这一人物的创作中延续并发展这一传统,即用生活的、实践的语言进行创作;同时,由于华裔身份与全球化时代文化流动的影响,她扩充了“美国英语”定义与反映的范围,在创作中构筑现代的、多元的美国语言。