Inhibitory effect of active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.on human carboxylesterases

OBJECTIVE The inhibitory effect of active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.(TWHF)(celastrol,triptolide,triptonide,wilforlide A,wilforgine and wilforine)on human carboxylester⁃ase 1(CES1)and CES2 was detected to investigate the herb-drug interactions(HDIs)of TWHF.METHODS Human liver microsomes catalysed hydrolysis of 2-(2-benzoyl-3-methoxyphenyl)benzothi⁃azole(BMBT)and fluorescein diacetate(FD)were used as the probe reaction to phenotype the activity of CES1 and CES2,respectively.The residual activities of CES1 and CES2 were detected by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)after intervention with celastrol,triptolide,triptonide,wilforlide A,wilforgine and wilforine(100μmol·L^(-1)).Kinetics analysis,involving half inhibitory concentra⁃tion(IC_(50)),inhibition type and kinetic parameter(Ki),and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation(IVIVE),was carried out to predict the HDIs between these compounds and CES-metabolizing drugs.Molecular docking was performed to analyze the ligand-enzyme interaction.RESULTS Out of the six main con⁃stituents of TWHF,only celastrol exhibited strong inhibition towards both CES1 and CES2,with the inhibitory rates of 97.45%(P<0.05)and 95.62%(P<0.05),respectively.The IC_(50)was 9.95 and 4.02 mol·L^(-1),respectively,and the types of inhibition were all non-competitive inhibition.Based on the kinetics analysis,the Ki values were calculated to be 5.10 and 10.55μmol·L^(-1)for the inhibition of celastrol on CES1 and CES2,respectively.IVIVE indicated that celastrol might disturb the metabolic hydrolysis of clinical drugs in vivo by inhibiting CES1.Molecular docking results showed that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts contributed to the interaction of celastrol and CESs.CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of celastrol on CES1 and CES2 might cause HDIs with clinical drugs hydrolysed by CESs.

Effect of Three Extraction Methods on the Volatile Component of Illicium verum Hook.f.Analyzed by GC-MS

The physical properties and chemical components of three oil samples extracted from Illicium verum Hook. f. by steam distillation （SD）, solvent extraction （SE） and supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） were compared with one another and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. The quality parameters of star anise essential oil from SFE were close to that of those came from SD and SE. Although the extraction yield of star anise by SFE （9.2 %） was close to the value from SE （9.3%）, it was yet higher than that came from SD （8.2%）. For sensory evaluation, however, three oils were significantly different. The odor and taste of the products from SFE and SE were generally more natural and vivid than that came from distilled oil. The volatile compound revealed that significant differences of the composition existed in the distilled oil and the oleoresins prepared by SFE and SE.

热带花卉植物半支莲(Portulaca grandiflora Hook.)观赏性状的化学调控研究

为了解决热带花卉植物半支莲(Portulaca grandiflora Hook.)茎干生长过长又肉质柔软而影响观赏期这一缺陷,培育出优良的半支莲盆花,以半支莲盆花为材料,选用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂氯化氯胆碱、PP333和S-3307D的单剂和复配剂,对其观赏性状进行化学调控。结果表明,对半支莲盆花地上部喷施50%氯化氯胆碱400倍液+5%S-3307D800倍液和50%氯化氯胆碱200倍液+5%S-3307D400倍液2种复配剂,在20d时测定,盆花的主茎生长速率显著小于对照和其他处理,第1种复配剂的花朵数增长率和花蕾数增长率显著大于对照和其他所有处理;40d时测定,此2种复配剂的主茎生长速率仍显著小于对照和其他处理,但第1种复配剂的花朵数增长率和花蕾数增长率仍显著大于对照和其他所有处理,其观赏性状的调控效果显著优于对照和其他处理。且50%氯化氯胆碱400倍液+5%S-3307D800倍液的配伍显著优于氯化氯胆碱和S-3307D各自单剂的调控效果,2种药品此浓度的配伍具有显著的协同调控作用。氯化氯胆碱和S-3307D原料来源较丰富,价格便宜,剂型较稳定,是具有较好开发前景的半支莲盆花观赏性状的化学调控剂。

Component analysis of volatile oil from Illicium Verum Hook. f.

Volatile oil was extracted from Illicium Verum Hook. f. by using steam distillation. 41 kinds of compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS, and their relative contents were determined by normalization method. Among 41 identified compounds, there are 14 hydrocarbon components and 22 oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives, and a small amount of nitrogenous compounds. The main component is anethole, accoun ting for 76.23%, and the other components such as anisyl acetone, anisaldehyde, p allylanisole, p cumic aldehyde and p allylpen take up more than 10%.

Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.by Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for total flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.[Methods]The effects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ultrasonic time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids were investigated by single factor method,and the extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design.[Results]The optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was ethanol volume fraction 45%,extraction time 29 min,extraction temperature 80℃,solid-to-liquid 1∶40(g/mL)and ultrasonic time 10 min.Under such conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was 3.09%.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process is simple and feasible,and is expected to provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis.

A Novel Diterpenoid,11-O-β-D-glucopyranosylneo-triptophenolide, from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f

A new diterpenoid was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the dried root bark of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. It is the first example of abietane diterpenoid glycoside isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. Its structure was identified to be 11-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl- neotriptophenolide based on spectral methods.

Safety Evaluation of a Compound Lonicera rupicola Hook.f. et & Thomson Injection

Safety of a compound Lonicera rupicola Hook. f. et & Thomson injection was evaluated by local irritation experiments including conjunctiva,skin and muscle irritant experiments,and the effect on weight gain was studied. The results showed that the compound L. rupicola Hook. f. et & Thomson injection had no irritation to rabbit eyes and weak irritation to rabbit ears,and had relatively strong irritation to the leg muscles of the mice. Its metabolism in mice had no abnormal toxicity.

马来西亚番荔枝科紫玉盘属(Uvaria Linn.)、杯冠木属(Cyathostemma Griff.)和 Ellipeia Hook. f. et Thomson叶的比较解剖学(英文)

对紫玉盘属８种，杯冠木属３种和Ｅｌｌｉｐｅｉａ属 １种进行了叶的比较研究，以调查不同种之间解剖 学的不同点，这对种的鉴别和了解它们的分类学意义可能是有用的。有意义的解剖学特征是：末端石细 胞，表皮细胞的晶簇，毛状体，在中脉和叶柄的薄壁组织内的短石细胞以及中脉和叶柄横切面的形状。 有某些特征仅出现在某些种中，这对种的鉴别是有用的。结果亦显示这三个属的联系十分紧密。

山东植物新记录——细齿大戟Euphorbia bifida Hook.& Arn.(Euphorbiaceae)

报道了山东省大戟属植物的一个新记录——细齿大戟Euphorbia bifida Hook.et Arn.(Euphorbiaceae)。总结了其辨识特征、分布及与其近缘种的区别。

HISTOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF THE MULTIGLYCOSIDES OF TRIPTERYGIUM WILFORDII HOOK.F.(GTW)ON THE TESTIS AND EPIDIDYMIS OF RATS

SD Twenty adult male rats were equally divided into a contro1 and an experimcntal group.GTW,10 mg/kg per day,was given to the experimental rats through gastric gavage 6 days a week for 8 weeks.To the control rats,the same amount of vehicle was given The animals were sacrificed when they became infertile and the fol1owing parameters of the testis and epididymis were examined:l)DNA(Feulgen′s method),2)RNA(Brachet′s tech-uique),3)LDH-X(Lojda′s method),4)ATPase(Wachstein′s procedure),5)Succinate dehydrc-genase(SDH,Pearson's method),6)Non-specific esterase(NSE,Lojda's technique)and 7)PAS reaction.Routine examination of the epididymal spermatozoa was also carried out.

电磁导航支气管镜引导下肺结节定位和CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位在肺癌根治术中的应用效果及安全性比较

目的对比电磁导航支气管镜(ENB)引导下肺结节定位和CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位在肺癌根治术中的应用效果和安全性。方法将87例行肺癌根治术患者根据定位方式的不同分为CT组(n=45,行CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位)和ENB组(n=42,行ENB引导下肺结节定位)。比较两组患者手术情况、切缘阳性率、心肺功能指标、应激指标和并发症发生情况。结果ENB组患者定位时间、定位后等待时间均短于CT组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后7天,两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)、用力肺活量(FVC)均较术前降低,但ENB组患者LVEF、SV、FVC均高于CT组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后1天,两组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)水平均较术前升高,但ENB组患者IL-6、IL-8、CRP、Cor水平均低于CT组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论相比于CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位,ENB引导下肺结节定位的定位时间和定位后等待时间更短,能够更加有效地改善患者的心肺功能,减轻应激反应。

闽南义务教育阶段畲族女童的教育公平问题:基于bell hooks的批判课程视角

畲族是我国人口较少的少数民族之一,其整体受教育水平与我国倡导的教育目标仍有较大差距。具体表现为畲族女童在义务教育阶段长期面临不平等困境。鉴于此,分析闽南地区畲族女童的义务教育现状及其教育不平等问题。同时,以bell hooks的批判课程理论视角提出消除闽南地区畲族女童教育不平等问题的建议,即加大教育宣传以促进个体观念转变;重构校园课程以适应畲族发展需求;加强师资建设以增强批判教学意识。

CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术对早期肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的探讨CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术对早期肺癌患者的疗效。方法选取92例早期肺癌患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各46例。对照组行常规胸腔镜手术治疗,观察组行CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术治疗。比较两组手术情况、创伤应激指标、肿瘤标志物水平及并发症。结果观察组手术时间、术后引流时间及住院时间为(138.52±10.52)min、(3.12±0.45)d、(10.35±1.25)d,短于对照组,术中出血量为(105.41±12.36)ml,少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平分别为(118.52±8.36)ng/ml、(185.93±14.52)ng/L、(32.41±4.25)mg/L,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原125(CA125)水平为(8.96±1.15)ng/ml、(3.88±0.42)ng/ml、(12.63±1.54)U/ml,低于对照组,并发症少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CT引导下Hook-wire定位辅助胸腔镜手术治疗早期肺癌效果更佳,可减轻手术创伤,降低创伤应激反应,加快肿瘤标志物复常,减少并发症发生。

术前运用Hook-wire与医用胶定位行胸腔镜手术切除孤立性肺小结节的效果

目的探讨术前运用Hook-wire与医用胶定位方式行胸腔镜手术(VATS)切除孤立性肺小结节(SPN)的效果。方法选取2020年1月至2022年2月福州市长乐区医院收治的81例行VATS切除SPN的患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=40)。对照组术前予以Hook-wire定位,观察组术前予以医用胶定位,比较两组定位和手术情况、定位相关并发症发生率及病理结果。结果两组定位时间、穿刺深度比较差异无统计学意义;观察组定位成功率高于对照组,术中结节切除时间短于对照组,定位费用少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组定位相关并发症发生率为24.39%,低于对照组的47.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组良性、非典型增生、微浸润癌、浸润性癌、原位癌、转移瘤病理结果比较差异无统计学意义。结论对VATS切除SPN术前运用医用胶定位可提高定位成功率,缩短手术时间,节省手术费用,降低定位相关并发症发生率,且不影响病理诊断结果。

基于Hook技术方法实现Web应用业务异常检测研究

近年来,随着Web应用的业务复杂度越来越高,应用系统所承载的数据越来越重要,目前大多数的应用安全防护设备均是针对Web攻击进行防护,对Web应用的业务异常检测没有很好的手段措施。本文通过Hook技术,在Web应用运行时代码调用过程中,对所使用的类进行全面监控,从而实现对Web应用业务中存在的异常问题的检测。

Study on the Hook Effect in the Detection of Beta2-Microglobulin with Different Reagents in Fully Automated Biochemical Analyzers

Objective:To investigate the hook effect in the detection of beta2-microglobulin(β2-MG)with different reagents as well as on two fully automated biochemical analyzers and their solutions.Methods:Using immunoturbidimetric assay forβ2-MG as the research object,β2-MG levels were detected by different concentration gradients ofβ2-microglobulin samples in Liedemann,Mack,and Myriad reagents of three manufacturers on two automatic biochemical analyzers,and the difference of the hook effect was comparatively analyzed.Results:Leadman reagent showed the hook effect on the Beckman AU5800 automated biochemistry analyzer,while both Maccura and Mindray reagents did not show the hook effect.After the experiments,we found the limit value of the pre-zone check of Leadman reagent,and changed the parameters of the instrument,when the limit value of the pre-zone check was reached,the instrument automatically diluted the specimen five times and then detected it again.After changing the parameters of the instrument,the correlation between the three methods of detecting samples of different concentrations was r>0.99.Conclusion:Before selecting the application of immunoturbidimetric reagents,we have to carry out the risk assessment of the hook effect and selectively set the parameters of the pre-zone check based on the highest concentration that may occur in the clinic;for the items that may have the hook effect,we have to selectively set the parameters of the pre-zone check when the ratio of average reaction rate and the immediate reaction rate is at the limit value,and the phenomenon of antigen excess may occur,the instrument will carry out automatic dilution before detection,so as to avoid the issuance of erroneous results of high-value samples due to the hook effect.

HOOK上瘾模型在企业人力资源管理中的创新应用

对于企业发展而言,人才是最重要的资源,它决定着企业的兴衰,企业要想获得有利的市场地位,离不开人才保障[1]。在当今快速发展的商业环境中,企业竞争日益激烈,人力资源成为企业最宝贵的资产之一。但是随着员工需求的多样化和个性化,传统的人力资源管理方式已经难以满足现代企业的管理需求,所以探索新的管理方法,提高员工的工作效率和忠诚度,成为当前企业人力资源管理的重要课题。HOOK上瘾模型作为消费者行为学领域的经典理论,通过深入研究用户行为和心理,显著提升了用户黏性,其核心在于构建一种持续的用户参与和投入机制,既满足用户的个性化需求,又通过奖励和投入激发用户持续参与。将该模型引入企业人力资源管理,为管理者提供了新的思路,建立以员工为中心的人力资源管理体系,设计有效的触发因素、行动指令、奖励机制和投入方式,从而激发员工的积极性,提高工作效率。

定位丝与Hook-wire在肺小结节胸腔镜术前定位中的应用比较

目的:比较定位丝与Hook-wire两种定位技术在肺小结节患者胸腔镜术前定位中的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾并分析119例胸腔镜术前计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT)引导下经皮穿刺定位的肺小结节患者的临床资料,根据不同定位方法分为定位丝组(50例)和Hook-wire组(69例),比较两组间的结节位置、结节直径、结节至胸膜的距离、定位时间、定位成功率及并发症发生率的差异,对定位后并发症的相关因素进行logistic回归分析。结果:两组间的结节位置、结节直径、结节至胸膜的距离差异无统计学意义。定位丝组与Hook-wire组定位时间相近[16(14,19)min vs 16(14,18.5)min,t=-0.416,P=0.677]。定位丝组与Hook-wire组定位成功率相近(98.0%vs 94.2%,χ^(2)=1.038,P=0.397)。定位丝组总体并发症发生率低于Hook-wire组(16.0%vs 47.8%,χ^(2)=13.003,P<0.001),亚组分析中定位丝组的气胸(12.0%vs 27.5%,χ^(2)=4.217,P=0.044)、肺出血(4.0%vs 18.8%,χ^(2)=5.796,P=0.016)、局部疼痛(0.0%vs 8.7%,χ^(2)=4.579,P<0.001)的发生率均低于Hook-wire组。Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同的定位方法是本研究中肺小结节患者胸腔镜术前定位后是否有并发症的独立危险因素(OR=0.208,95%CI 0.085~0.507,P<0.001)。结论:定位丝法定位时间、定位成功率与Hook-wire法相近,但定位丝法较Hook-wire法并发症少,值得推广。

CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位在肺部小结节胸腔镜手术中的应用效果

目的研究术前CT引导下肺部小结节Hook-wire穿刺定位在基层医院运用中的可行性、安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月1日至2022年12月31日在我院因肺部小结行术前CT引导穿刺定位行手术的患者,共计70例。对所有患者均实施CT引导下Hook-wire穿刺定位开展胸腔镜手术,对患者的手术穿刺情况、手术方式及相关手术指标变化情况进行观察与记录。结果70例患者中,69例术前定位在小结节附近2 cm内,1例因穿刺针从叶裂经过而出现偏差,70例穿刺定位均未穿刺入小结节内,部位穿刺深度(5 mm~2 cm),穿刺时间(4~8 min),气胸(7例),血胸(2例),穿刺部位略感胀痛;手术方式(胸腔镜下肺楔形切除48例,胸腔镜下肺段切除15例,胸腔镜下肺叶切除术7例),术中发现定位针均位于肺组织中未发现脱落,牵引线未发现断裂,术后病理(原位癌15例,微浸润腺癌42例,浸润腺癌13例),术后随访中穿刺部位无疼痛等不适。结论术前CT引导Hook-wire穿刺定位技术在基层医院胸腔镜手术中的运用安全、有效,完全满足基层医院胸外科医师开展肺部小结节的手术要求,对定位精度要求相对低、并发症少、患者疼痛轻、定位时间短、费用低,适合在基层医院中开展。

术前CT引导下Hook-wire定位与医用胶定位在磨玻璃结节为主的早期肺癌术中的应用效果比较

目的 对比术前CT引导下Hook-wire与医用胶定位在磨玻璃结节为主的早期肺癌手术切除中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析83例以磨玻璃结节为主的早期肺癌切除术患者的临床资料,根据其术前结节定位方法将其分为Hook-wire组(CT引导下Hook-wire定位,n=30)与医用胶组(CT引导下医用胶定位,n=53),比较两组定位成功率、平均定位耗时、病灶精确切除率、病灶平均切除时间、定位相关并发症、术后住院时间等。结果 医用胶组与Hook-wire组平均定位耗时、结节切除耗时、术后住院时间及手术相关并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),医用胶组定位成功率高于Hook-wire组,定位相关并发症发生率低于Hook-wire组,结节精准切除率高于Hook-wire组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 相比于Hookwire,CT引导下医用胶定位GGN的效果更好,安全性更高。