Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is one of the promising multipurpose tree species of South Asia. Most of the plantations of D. sissoo from seeds are facing severe threats due to the die-back disease, which ultimately causes de...Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is one of the promising multipurpose tree species of South Asia. Most of the plantations of D. sissoo from seeds are facing severe threats due to the die-back disease, which ultimately causes death of this potential tree-species within a few months. Vegetative propagation could avoid the die-back disease. Thirty mother trees of different age-groups of D. sissoo were selected for evaluating the rooting behaviour of branch cuttings from D. sissoo as influenced by auxins （IAA or IBA at 100, 200, 500 mg·L^-1）, ages of mother trees （10, 4 and 2 years old） and different environment conditions, i.e., different mediums （soil and sand） or light conditions （in shade and open condition）. The results show that application of IAA and IBA induced more numbers of cuttings （collected from 10-year-old mother trees） to root compared to control. Branch cuttings of D. sissoo collected from 10-year-old mother trees and planted in soil bed in open conditions had 100.0% of cuttings to root in IAA （100 mg·L^-1） and IBA （200 mg·L^-1） treatments. Both rooting medium （Soil and sand） influenced significantly （p〈0.05） on rooting response of branch cuttings. Soil medium was found to achieve maximum no. of branch cuttings to root, compared to sand medium.展开更多
In boys, central precocious puberty （CPP） is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the trea...In boys, central precocious puberty （CPP） is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.展开更多
Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.De...Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.Despite high initial expectations of cardioprotective effects,there has been substantial distrust following important randomized clinical trials,such as the Women’s Health Initiative.Subsequently,the timing of treatment in relation to the onset of menopause came under consideration and led to the proposal of the timing hypothesis,that early initial treatment is important,and benefits are lost as the timing since menopause becomes prolonged.Subsequent analyses of the Women’s Health Initiative data,together with more recent data from randomized and observational trials,consistently show reductions in coronary heart disease and mortality in younger menopausal women.Regarding cognitive function,the timing hypothesis is consistent with observations from basic and animal studies.There is some clinical evidence to support the benefits of hormonal therapy in this context,though skepticism remains due to the paucity of clinical trials of substantial length in younger menopausal women.It is likely that the effects of estrogens on cognitive performance are due to rapid mechanisms,including mechanisms that influence Ca2+homeostasis dynamics,provide protection in a hostile environment and reduce inflammatory signals from neural tissues.In the future,inflammatory profiles accounting for early signs of pathological inflammation might help identify the‘window of opportunity’to use estrogen therapy for successful cognitive protection.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of Wulong Dan (WLD) on treatment of acute cerebral infarction and change of hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Methods:Thirty five cases of the treated group treated with ...Objective:To explore the effect of Wulong Dan (WLD) on treatment of acute cerebral infarction and change of hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Methods:Thirty five cases of the treated group treated with WLD by taken orally and 31 cases of the control group treated with nimoton taken orally. And dextran was given intravenously to both groups. Blood level of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free throxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of all patients were determined before and after treatment by radioimmunoassay. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, there were significant difference between the treated group and the control group in cure rate, markedly effective rate,cure score and disappearance of clinical symptoms (P < 0. 01 ). The levels of T3, FT3,TSH of all patients were lower than those of the normal control before treatment. After treatment with WLD and dextran, the abovementioned indexes turned to normal. Conclusions: WLD has a significant effect on patients with cerebral infarction on the basis of improved microcirculation induced by dextran. It also has regulatory effect on the hypothalamuspituitary-thyroid axis disorder so as to be helpful in maintaining the homeostasis.展开更多
In recent years,many therapeutic advances have been made in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer,with the development and approval of many new drugs.The androgen receptor(AR)is the main driver in pro...In recent years,many therapeutic advances have been made in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer,with the development and approval of many new drugs.The androgen receptor(AR)is the main driver in prostate cancer growth and progression and the most effective therapeutic agents are still directed against this pathway.Among these,new generation hormonal agents(NHA)including enzalutamide,abiraterone acetate,apalutamide,and darolutamide have shown to improve overall survival and quality of life of prostate cancer patients.Unfortunately,despite the demonstrated benefit,not all patients respond to treatment and almost all are destined to develop a resistant phenotype.Although the resistance mechanisms are not fully understood,the most studied ones include the activation of both dependent and independent AR signalling pathways.Recent findings about multiple growth-promoting and survival pathways in advanced prostate cancer suggest the presence of alternative mechanisms involved in disease progression,and an interplay between these pathways and AR signalling.In this review we discuss the possible mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to NHA with a focus on AR independent pathways.展开更多
基金supported by Indian Council ofForestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, 248 006, Uttarakhand, India
文摘Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is one of the promising multipurpose tree species of South Asia. Most of the plantations of D. sissoo from seeds are facing severe threats due to the die-back disease, which ultimately causes death of this potential tree-species within a few months. Vegetative propagation could avoid the die-back disease. Thirty mother trees of different age-groups of D. sissoo were selected for evaluating the rooting behaviour of branch cuttings from D. sissoo as influenced by auxins （IAA or IBA at 100, 200, 500 mg·L^-1）, ages of mother trees （10, 4 and 2 years old） and different environment conditions, i.e., different mediums （soil and sand） or light conditions （in shade and open condition）. The results show that application of IAA and IBA induced more numbers of cuttings （collected from 10-year-old mother trees） to root compared to control. Branch cuttings of D. sissoo collected from 10-year-old mother trees and planted in soil bed in open conditions had 100.0% of cuttings to root in IAA （100 mg·L^-1） and IBA （200 mg·L^-1） treatments. Both rooting medium （Soil and sand） influenced significantly （p〈0.05） on rooting response of branch cuttings. Soil medium was found to achieve maximum no. of branch cuttings to root, compared to sand medium.
文摘In boys, central precocious puberty （CPP） is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.
文摘Estrogen produces several beneficial effects in healthy neurological tissues and exhibits cardioprotective effects.Hormone therapy has been widely used to treat menopausal estrogen deficiency for more than 80 years.Despite high initial expectations of cardioprotective effects,there has been substantial distrust following important randomized clinical trials,such as the Women’s Health Initiative.Subsequently,the timing of treatment in relation to the onset of menopause came under consideration and led to the proposal of the timing hypothesis,that early initial treatment is important,and benefits are lost as the timing since menopause becomes prolonged.Subsequent analyses of the Women’s Health Initiative data,together with more recent data from randomized and observational trials,consistently show reductions in coronary heart disease and mortality in younger menopausal women.Regarding cognitive function,the timing hypothesis is consistent with observations from basic and animal studies.There is some clinical evidence to support the benefits of hormonal therapy in this context,though skepticism remains due to the paucity of clinical trials of substantial length in younger menopausal women.It is likely that the effects of estrogens on cognitive performance are due to rapid mechanisms,including mechanisms that influence Ca2+homeostasis dynamics,provide protection in a hostile environment and reduce inflammatory signals from neural tissues.In the future,inflammatory profiles accounting for early signs of pathological inflammation might help identify the‘window of opportunity’to use estrogen therapy for successful cognitive protection.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of Wulong Dan (WLD) on treatment of acute cerebral infarction and change of hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Methods:Thirty five cases of the treated group treated with WLD by taken orally and 31 cases of the control group treated with nimoton taken orally. And dextran was given intravenously to both groups. Blood level of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free throxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of all patients were determined before and after treatment by radioimmunoassay. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, there were significant difference between the treated group and the control group in cure rate, markedly effective rate,cure score and disappearance of clinical symptoms (P < 0. 01 ). The levels of T3, FT3,TSH of all patients were lower than those of the normal control before treatment. After treatment with WLD and dextran, the abovementioned indexes turned to normal. Conclusions: WLD has a significant effect on patients with cerebral infarction on the basis of improved microcirculation induced by dextran. It also has regulatory effect on the hypothalamuspituitary-thyroid axis disorder so as to be helpful in maintaining the homeostasis.
文摘In recent years,many therapeutic advances have been made in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer,with the development and approval of many new drugs.The androgen receptor(AR)is the main driver in prostate cancer growth and progression and the most effective therapeutic agents are still directed against this pathway.Among these,new generation hormonal agents(NHA)including enzalutamide,abiraterone acetate,apalutamide,and darolutamide have shown to improve overall survival and quality of life of prostate cancer patients.Unfortunately,despite the demonstrated benefit,not all patients respond to treatment and almost all are destined to develop a resistant phenotype.Although the resistance mechanisms are not fully understood,the most studied ones include the activation of both dependent and independent AR signalling pathways.Recent findings about multiple growth-promoting and survival pathways in advanced prostate cancer suggest the presence of alternative mechanisms involved in disease progression,and an interplay between these pathways and AR signalling.In this review we discuss the possible mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to NHA with a focus on AR independent pathways.
