We reported two cases of jockeys who sustained fracture/dislocation of the mid-thoracic spine due to traumatic falls during horse racing.We examined the injury mechanism based upon the patients’diagnostic images and ...We reported two cases of jockeys who sustained fracture/dislocation of the mid-thoracic spine due to traumatic falls during horse racing.We examined the injury mechanism based upon the patients’diagnostic images and video footage of races,in which the accidents occurred.Admission imaging of patient 1(a 42 years old male)revealed T5 burst fracture with bony retropulsion of 7 mm causing complete paralysis below T5/6.There existed 22°focal kyphosis at T5/6,anterolisthesis of T5 relative to T6,T5/6 disc herniation,cord edema and epidural hemorrhage from T4 through T6,and cord injury from C3 through C6.Admission imaging of patient 2(a 23 years old male)revealed T4/5 fracture/dislocation causing incomplete paralysis below spinal level.There existed compression fractures at T5,T6,and T7;4 mm anterior subluxation of T4 on T5;diffuse cord swelling from T3 through T5;comminuted fracture of the C1 right lateral mass;right frontal traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage;and extensive diffuse axonal injury.The injuries were caused by high energy flexion-compression of the mid-thoracic spine with a flexed posture upon impact.Our results suggest that substantially greater cord compression occurred transiently during trauma as compared to that documented from admission imaging.Video footage of the accidents indicated that the spine buckled and failed due to abrupt pocketing and deceleration of the head,neck and shoulders upon impact with the ground combined with continued forward and downward momentum of the torso and lower extremities.While a similar mechanism is well known to cause fracture/dislocation of the cervical spine,it is less common and less understood for mid-thoracic spine injuries.Our study provides insight into the etiology of fracture/dislocation patterns of the mid-thoracic spine due to falls during horse racing.展开更多
In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The ...In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.展开更多
This annual horse race takes place in every township of the north Tibetan grassland,one by one,starting from August 1st. The principal activities are usually a horse race and a blessing by touching the foreheads of pe...This annual horse race takes place in every township of the north Tibetan grassland,one by one,starting from August 1st. The principal activities are usually a horse race and a blessing by touching the foreheads of people by a Rinpoche.展开更多
文摘We reported two cases of jockeys who sustained fracture/dislocation of the mid-thoracic spine due to traumatic falls during horse racing.We examined the injury mechanism based upon the patients’diagnostic images and video footage of races,in which the accidents occurred.Admission imaging of patient 1(a 42 years old male)revealed T5 burst fracture with bony retropulsion of 7 mm causing complete paralysis below T5/6.There existed 22°focal kyphosis at T5/6,anterolisthesis of T5 relative to T6,T5/6 disc herniation,cord edema and epidural hemorrhage from T4 through T6,and cord injury from C3 through C6.Admission imaging of patient 2(a 23 years old male)revealed T4/5 fracture/dislocation causing incomplete paralysis below spinal level.There existed compression fractures at T5,T6,and T7;4 mm anterior subluxation of T4 on T5;diffuse cord swelling from T3 through T5;comminuted fracture of the C1 right lateral mass;right frontal traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage;and extensive diffuse axonal injury.The injuries were caused by high energy flexion-compression of the mid-thoracic spine with a flexed posture upon impact.Our results suggest that substantially greater cord compression occurred transiently during trauma as compared to that documented from admission imaging.Video footage of the accidents indicated that the spine buckled and failed due to abrupt pocketing and deceleration of the head,neck and shoulders upon impact with the ground combined with continued forward and downward momentum of the torso and lower extremities.While a similar mechanism is well known to cause fracture/dislocation of the cervical spine,it is less common and less understood for mid-thoracic spine injuries.Our study provides insight into the etiology of fracture/dislocation patterns of the mid-thoracic spine due to falls during horse racing.
文摘In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.
文摘This annual horse race takes place in every township of the north Tibetan grassland,one by one,starting from August 1st. The principal activities are usually a horse race and a blessing by touching the foreheads of people by a Rinpoche.
