Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Alkali Ions in Hydrated C_3S-nano SiO_2 Pastes

C3S pastes containing 0%,5%,10%,and 15%nano-SiO2 mixed with de-ionized water and alkali solutions were prepared.When C3S was completely hydrated,the pastes were ground into powders with a particle size less than 80μm.Adsorption and desorption characteristics of alkali ions adsorbed by C3S-nano SiO2 pastes mixed with de-ionized water immersed in alkali solutions and those in C3S-nano SiO2 pastes mixed with alkali solutions,were investigated.Meawhile,the adsorption mechanisms of alkali ions were discussed.Results showed that the contents of alkali ions adsorbed by C3S-nano SiO2 pastes mixed with de-ionized water increased with increasing substitution levels of nano-SiO2 and/or the initial alkali concentrations.In C3S-nano SiO2 pastes mixed with de-ionized water,each paste was characterized by having a fixed alkali-adsorption capacity that was essentially independent of alkali concentration.No obvious difference between the adsorption capacity of a given paste for K~＋and Na~＋was observed.Adsorption of alkali ions in the pastes is considered to be caused by surface force which is related to the BET specific surface area of the paste,and charge compensation of C-S-H gel,mainly by electrostatic interactions.In C3S-nano SiO2 pastes mixed with alkali solutions,alkali ions may enter the structure of C-S-H gel to replace a part of Ca^2＋in the interlayer.This assumption is supported by the structural characterization of C-S-H gel using ^（29）Si MAS NMR.

Effect of Curing Regime on Degree of Al^(3+) Substituting for Si^(4+) in C-S-H Gels of Hardened Portland Cement Pastes

The effect of curing regime on degree ofAl3＋ substituting for Si^4＋ （Al/Si ratio） in C-S-H gels of hardened Portland cement pastes was investigated by 29Si magic angel spinning （MAS） nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） with deconvolution technique. The curing regimes included the constant temperature （20, 40, 60 and 80 ℃） and variable temperature （simulated internal temperature of mass concrete with 60 ℃ peak）. The results indicate that constant temperature of 20 ℃ is beneficial to substitution ofAl3＋ for Si4＋, and AI/Si ratio changes to be steady after 180 d. The increase of Al/Si ratio at 40 ℃is less than that at 20℃ for 28 d. The other three regimes of high temperature increase Al/Si ratio only before 3 d, on the contrary to that from 3 to 28 d. However, the 20 ℃ curing stage from 28 to 180 d at variable temperature regime, is beneficial to the increase of AI/Si ratio which is still lower than that at constant temperature regime of 20 ℃ for the same age. A nonlinear relation exists between the Al/Si ratio and temperature variation or mean chain length （MCL） of C-S-H gels, furthermore, the amount ofAl3＋ which can occupy the bridging tetrahedra sites in C-S-H structure is insufficient in hardened Portland cement pastes.

Effect of High Temperatures on the Microstructure of Cement Paste

The microstructural and compositional changes within the cement paste exposed to high temperatures were monitored by XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA and SEM techniques to understand the nature of decomposition of C-S-H gel and the associated physicomechanical properties of thermally damaged cement paste. OPC paste (w/c ratio 0.27) was hydrated for 28 days then fired up to 750°C for 2 hours (heating rate 10°C/min). The relative mass percent of calcium hydrates and portlandite was estimated by calculations derived from TGA results. Beyond 450°C, the percentage of portlandite sharply diminishes and C-S-H progressively decomposes into C2S and C3S until complete loss of calcium hydrates content occurs at 750°C. An increase of the total porosity, severe loss in mechanical strength and propagation of harmful cracks occurs. The thermal shock as a result of cooling of the heated cement paste and the rehydration of lime enhance the propagation of harmful cracks.

Microstructural Evolution Mechanism of C-(A)-S-H Gel in Portland Cement Pastes Affected by Sulfate Ions

The microstructural evolution of C-（A）-S-H gel in Portland cement pastes immersed in pure water and 5.0 wt% Na2SO4 solution for different ages was comparatively investigated, by means of ^（29） Si NMR spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS analysis. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the aluminum coordination status and interaction of sulfate ions in C-（A）-S-H gel. The results showed significant changes in the microstructural evolution of C-（A）-S-H gel in Portland cement paste. Sulfate attack has decalcifying and dealuminizing effect on C-（A）-S-H gel which is evident from increase in mean chain length（MCL） and decrease in Ca/Si ＆ Al[4]/Si ratios of C-（A）-S-H gel. Additionally, Molecular dynamics simulation proves that Al[4] substituted in silicate chains of C-（A）-S-H gel is thermodynamically metastable, which may explain its migration from the silicate chains and transformation to Al[6], thus lowering the Al[4]/Si ratio of C-（A）-S-H gel. SO4^（2-）ions can carry the interfacial Ca^（2＋） ions into the pore solution by the diffusion-absorption-desorption process, which unravels the mechanism of sulfate attack on C-（A）-S-H gel.

Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry of Ultra Trace Lanthanum（Ⅲ） Using an Alizarin S as Complexing Agent and Carbon Paste as Working Electrode

Ultra trace determination of lantanum（Ⅲ） has been studied by adsorptive stripping voltammetry methods using an alizarin S as complexing agent and carbon paste electrode as working electrode. The electrode was made from mixed of carbon powder and paraffin in micropipette tip with diameter of 4 ram. This method consists of two steps. The first step is the formation and adsorptive accumulation of metal ion with chelator at the electrode surface. The second step is stripping the complex from the electrode surface into the solution. The stripping step generates current which is recorded as voltammogram. The optimum conditions of instrumental parameter obtained were accumulation potential of 600 mV, accumulation time of 120 seconds, and pH of solution of 5.5. In this research, the limit detection obtained was 2.3348 × 10^-12 M （3.24× 10^-11μg/L） with sensitivity of 16.52 （nA/10u M） and the precision of standard solution of La3＋ with concentration of 2 × 10^-12 M, 4× 10^-12 M, 6 × 10^-12 M, 8 × 10^-12 M, and 10 × 10^-12M were 3.50%, 9.88%, 7.19%, 7.48% and 1.85% respectively. The linierity of this method is very good with correlation coefficient is 0.9780. Recovery percentage from La3＋ with concentration of 6× 10^-12 M and 10 × 10^-12 M are 108.84% and 91.51%, respectively.

Self Similarity of the Spherical C-S-H Particle in Cement Paste

Cement paste with low water/cement ratio of 0.3 was observed using AFM. It is found that C-S-H has self similarity trait from scanning scale 20 um×20 um down to 300 nm× 300 nm, and the feature of C-S-H at large scale is very similar to those smaller scales. It can be concluded that C-S-H is composed with some fundamental spherical globule, the fundamental globules agglomerate into bigger ones, moreover the bigger ones agglomerate into even bigger one. A C-S-H globule fractal model was put forward to describe the self similarity of the C-S-H globule, which can be used to reveal how the C-S-H globule contacts with each other.

A Method for Semi-quantitative Analysis of C-S-H Gel in a Blended Cement Paste

An amended method for accurate measuring the quantity of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) in pure cement paste and blended cement paste by water adsorption was made, which based on R.A.Olson’s method. Two improvements to this method, such as using C-S-H gel by hydro-thermal synthesis as standard sample and the stoichiometry of C-S-H gel is partitioned based on hydration time and the amount of mineral admixture. The result of C-S-H gel content in pure cement paste and blended cement paste is higher than by R.A.Olson’s method.

Ca(OH)_2和Hoshino制剂对猪牙乳头细胞增殖的影响

目的 :研究Ca(OH)2和Hoshino制剂(甲硝唑、环丙沙星、米诺环素混合制剂)对体外培养的猪牙乳头细胞(procine dental papilla cells,p DPCs)增殖的影响,探讨临床使用牙髓血管再生治疗时根管消毒药物的选择。方法 :将第4代p DPCs分别在含不同浓度Ca(OH)2(10%、1%、0.1%)和Hoshino制剂(0.5%、0.1%、0.05%)的培养基中培养,采用CCK-8法检测2种药物对细胞增殖活性的影响,采用SPSS19.0软件包对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果 :Ca(OH)2对p DPCs细胞的增殖影响呈波动状,细胞培养9 d时,各组浓度Ca(OH)2对细胞增殖无影响;Hoshino制剂可抑制p DPCs的增殖。结论 :实验中各浓度组Ca(OH)2制剂对p DPCs细胞的增殖无影响,而Hoshino制剂可抑制p DPCs细胞的增殖。

TEACHP-S/PVA共混物上浆性能的研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三乙基氯化铵为阳离子醚化剂合成氯化三乙基铵羟丙基淀粉(TEACHP-S),研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)的共混比例对共混物浆液黏度、粘合强度及共混膜力学性能的影响,评价这种共混物的上浆性能。实验结果表明:随着PVA共混比的增加,浆液黏度降低,共混膜断裂伸长和断裂功显著增加,断裂强度减小,韧性增大,对涤纶纤维的粘合强度明显提高。

维生素B_2在聚茜素红S修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其应用

采用循环伏安法在碳糊电极(CPE)上制备了聚茜素红S薄膜修饰碳糊电极(ARS/CPE),运用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了维生素B_2在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在pH 4.6的0.1mol·L^(-1)乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对维生素B_2的氧化还原反应具有良好的电催化作用,扩散系数(D)为3.26×10^(-5)cm^2·s^(-1),电荷转移系数(α)为0.817 4。维生素B_2的浓度在1.0×10^(-6)~8.0×10^(-4) mol·L^(-1)之间与其对应的氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.5×10^(-8) mol·L^(-1)。方法用于维生素B_2片的分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.8%~2.7%之间,加标回收率在99.5%~102%之间。

钒-茜素S络合物在碳糊电极上的吸附伏安法研究

研究了钒-茜素S络合物在碳糊电极上的吸附伏安行为。在pH5.1的NH_4OAcHOAc缓冲溶液中,钒-茜素S络合物在-0.52V(vs.SCE)产生一灵敏的吸附还原峰,峰高与钒的浓度在2.0×10^(-9)～1.0×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1)范围内呈线性关系,捡出限为8.0×10^(-10)mol·L^(-1)(富集240s)。讨论了电极反应机理,方法已用于水样中痕量钒的测定,结果满意。

铜(Ⅱ)-茜素红S络合物在碳糊电极上吸附伏安法测定铜

基于铜(Ⅱ)-茜素红S络合物在碳糊电极上的还原波,提出了吸附伏安法测定痕量铜的方法。在极谱分析仪上采用二次导数线性扫描伏安法进行分析,在含有1.0×10^(-5)mol·L^(-1)茜素红S的pH 4.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中,当富集电位为0 mV,富集时间为180 s,扫描速率为100 mV·s^(-1)时,铜(Ⅱ)-茜素红S络合物吸附在碳糊电极表面,于—316 mV(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的还原峰,络合物的峰电流与铜(Ⅱ)的浓度在1.0×10^(-9)～2.0×10^(-7)mol·L^(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为6.0×10^(-10)mol·L^(-1)。方法用于锌合金中铜的测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3.5%。用标准加入法进行了回收试验,测得回收率在96.0%～102.0%之间。

基于CAP方法的2019年湖北应城M_(S)4.9地震震源机制与发震构造研究

利用湖北区域台网8个台站的宽频带数字地震记录,采用CAP法反演了湖北应城2019年12月26日M_(S)4.9(M_(L)5.3)地震震源机制解。其最佳双力偶解:节面I走向49°,倾角78°,滑动角162°;节面Ⅱ走向143°,倾角72°,滑动角13°;主压应力P轴近EW向;主张应力轴近NS向;最佳震源深度约8.0km。其最大余震为2020年1月8日M_(S)2.6(M_(L)3.3)地震,余震序列呈NW分布。分析结果认为:此次地震由带有逆冲成分的走滑型断层错动造成,节面Ⅱ为发震断层且与皂市断裂有关。

聚茜素红S修饰碳糊电极测定镉

采用循环伏安法在碳糊电极（CPE）上成功地制备了聚茜素红S薄膜修饰碳糊电极（ARS/CPE）,研究了镉离子在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明：在p H=4.8的0.2 mol/L Clark-Lubs缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对Cd2＋的氧化溶出具有良好的电催化作用,阳极溶出峰电流与Cd2＋的浓度在4.0×10^-7-8.0×10^-6mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.0×10^-9mol/L,加标回收率在98.8%-102.6%。所制备的修饰电极对水样中Cd2＋的测定具有灵敏度高、选择性好、干扰小的优点。

柴达木盆地北部2021年6月16日青海茫崖M_(S)5.8地震发震构造分析

青海茫崖M_(S)5.8地震发生在祁连山与柴达木盆地交界的部位。对于此次地震开展研究,不仅有助于理解柴达木盆地与祁连山之间的现今构造变形、应力状态及动力学过程,也将为该区未来的强震趋势预测提供依据。文中首先利用CAP方法反演得到该次地震的震源深度约为13km,震源机制解为逆冲性质。结合地表地质、卫星影像和地震反射剖面解译,认为该地震发生在冷湖逆断裂-褶皱带的东南端,发震构造可能为冷湖七号东背斜之下控制背斜生长的2条倾向相反的隐伏逆冲断裂之一。此次茫崖5.8级地震仅使冷湖七号东背斜下伏逆断层发生了部分破裂,并未破裂至地表,为典型的褶皱地震。震区发育多条第四纪活动褶皱及下伏逆断层,这些构造均具备发生M^(W)5.9~7.2地震的构造条件,并有可能因级联地震破裂而引发7级以上强震。因此,震区未来的地震危险性不容忽视。

Dynamic behaviors of water contained in calcium-silicate-hydrate gel at different temperatures studied by quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectroscopy

The dynamic behaviors of water contained in calcium-silicate-hydrate（C-S-H） gel with different water content values from 10%to 30%（by weight）,are studied by using an empirical diffusion model（EDM） to analyze the experimental data of quasi-elastic neutron scattering（QENS） spectra at measured temperatures ranging from 230 K to 280 K.In the study,the experimental QENS spectra with the whole Q-range are considered.Several important parameters including the bound/immobile water elastic coefficient A,the bound water index BWI,the Lorentzian with a half-width at half-maximum（HWHM） Γ;（Q） and Γ;（Q）,the self-diffusion coefficients D;and D;of water molecules,the average residence times τ;and τ;,and the proton mean squared displacement（MSD）(u;) are obtained.The results show that the QENS spectra can be fitted very well not only for small Q（≤1 A;） but also for large Q.The bound/immobile water fraction in a C-S-H gel sample can be shown by the fitted BWI.The distinction between bound/immobile and mobile water,which includes confined water and ultra-confined water,can be seen by the fitted MSD.All the MSD tend to be the smallest value below 0.25 A;（the MSD of bound/immobile water） as the Q increases to 1.9 A;no matter what the temperature and water content are.Furthermore,by the abrupt changes of the fitted values of D;,τ;,and Γ;（Q）,a crossover temperature at 250 K,namely the liquid-to-crystal-like transition temperature,can be identified for confined water in large gel pores（LGPs） and/or small gel pores（SGPs） contained in the C-S-H gel sample with 30% water content.

C-S-H及C-S-H脱水相对水泥石结构改性的研究

以C-S-H及C-S-H脱水相作水泥水化物沉淀中心的品种。从理论上阐明了它们是具有较大介电常数、较小物理化学不均匀系数、高分散度的晶种物质,故具有优先吸附的界面效应及优先沉淀的结晶中心作用,可缓和原始矿物表面的高浓度的屏蔽效应及界面的近程析晶,使水化物分布均匀、结构致密,从而提高水泥石强度。C-S-H及C-S-H脱水相两者中,尤以后者作用更显著。

Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi M_(S) 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan

Using the Cut And Paste(CAP)method,we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes(M_(S)≥3.0)recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle.Our results indicate that the M_(S)6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault(with a rake angle of~-165°)and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane(dipping angle~79° and strike~138°).Combining our results with high resolution catalog,we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault.The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods.During the first period,the foreshock sequence,the focal mechanism consistency is the highest(KA<36°);during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock,the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°;during the third period,the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period(18°<KA<73°).We suggest that the KA,to some extent,represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake.Furthermore,high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.

K^＋和Na^＋在C3S-纳米SiO2浆体上的存在形式

以拌合液为KOH和NaOH混合溶液的C_3S-纳米SiO_2浆体为对象,研究了液固比对浆体在去离子水中释放K^+和Na^+的影响以及浆体对K^+和Na^+的滞留能力;并采用29Si MAS NMR分析讨论了K^+和Na^+在C_3S-纳米SiO_2浆体上的存在形式。结果表明:随着液固比的增大,浆体释放的K^+和Na^+的百分数逐渐增大;经去离子水充分洗涤后仍有一部分K^+和Na^+存在于浆体中,且浆体对K^+和Na^+的滞留能力随着纳米SiO_2掺量的增加以及拌合液碱浓度的增大而增强。29Si MAS NMR分析证实了K^+和Na^+能够进入C-S-H凝胶层间形成不可逆的化学结合。K^+和Na^+通过取代C-S-H凝胶层间≡SiOCa+中的Ca2+,缩短了C-S-H凝胶中[SiO4]4-四面体链长,从而使凝胶中Q1和Q2峰向左移动。

SERIES PERTURBATIONS APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS TO N-S EQUATIONS AND MODIFICATION TO ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSION MATCHED METHOD

A method that series perturbations approximate solutions to N-S equations with boundary conditions was discussed and adopted. Then the method was proved in which the asymptotic solutions of viscous fluid flow past a sphere were deducted. By the ameliorative asymptotic expansion matched method, the matched functions, are determined easily and the ameliorative curve of drag coefficient is coincident well with measured data in the case that Reynolds number is less than or equal to 40 000.