目的比较非限制性探视制度和限制性探视制度对重症监护病房(ICU)患者谵妄、住院时间、获得性感染及患者焦虑抑郁的影响,探寻ICU最佳探视模式。方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万...目的比较非限制性探视制度和限制性探视制度对重症监护病房(ICU)患者谵妄、住院时间、获得性感染及患者焦虑抑郁的影响,探寻ICU最佳探视模式。方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网全文数据库和维普数据库相关研究,截止日期2019年3月31日。由2名研究员对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果研究共纳入18篇文献,其中13篇中文,5篇英文;8项研究为随机对照试验,10项研究为类实验研究。总样本量4728例。将纳入研究按照研究设计和探视时间长短分亚组,森林图结果显示,与限制性探视相比较,非限制性探视制度能有效降低ICU患者谵妄发生率[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.15,0.24),P<0.001]、减少ICU患者焦虑[MD=-1.60,95%CI(-1.67,-1.54),P<0.001]和抑郁[MD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.76,-0.49),P=0.003]等不良心理状态,并能有效提高ICU患者家属对ICU医护工作的满意度[OR=3.56,95%CI(2.32,5.48),P<0.1];同时,非限制性探视并不会增加ICU获得性感染的发生率[OR=0.82,95%CI(0.55,1.21),P=0.31]、ICU病死率[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.21,1.79),P=0.37]和住院时间[MD=-0.40,95%CI(-1.29,0.50),P=0.39]。不考虑纳入研究设计,非限制性探视制度可降低ICU获得性感染的发生率[OR=0.65,95%CI(0.51,0.82),P=0.004],并且探视时间越长ICU获得性感染的发生率反而越低[OR=0.75,95%CI(0.61,0.91),P=0.004]。结论非限制性探视制度可以在不增加ICU获得性感染、住院时间和病死率的基础上,有效地降低ICU患者谵妄发生率,降低危重患者焦虑、抑郁等心理状态评分,提高ICU患者家属的满意度。展开更多
目的:系统评价中国肝衰竭医院感染预后相关研究,分析医院感染预后指标,为改善预后提供循证依据.方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pubmed、ISI web ofknowledge、Embase、Cochrane数据库文献,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太...目的:系统评价中国肝衰竭医院感染预后相关研究,分析医院感染预后指标,为改善预后提供循证依据.方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pubmed、ISI web ofknowledge、Embase、Cochrane数据库文献,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对纳入文献进行质量评价及Meta分析.结果:纳入19篇文献,肝衰竭医院感染1989例,死亡1842例.Meta分析结果显示:肝衰竭医院感染患者在死亡组与存活组间(OR=4.13)、肝衰竭医院感染患者死亡在亚急性与慢性(OR=0.50)、单部位与多部位(OR=0.52)、血清总胆红素≤342.2μmol/L与>342.2μmol/L(OR=0.47)、血清白蛋白≤30 g/L与>30 g/L(OR=2.85)、凝血酶原活动度<20%与≥20%(OR=14.49)组间均有统计学意义.结论:影响肝衰竭医院感染患者预后指标复杂多样.慢性肝衰竭合并医院感染及多部位感染患者为重点监测对象,血清总胆红素>342.2μmol/L、血清白蛋白≤30 g/L、凝血酶原活动度<20%为重点监测指标.展开更多
目的:通过Meta分析了解我国住院患者压疮现患率及医院获得性压疮现患率。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang、VIP、CBM、Pubmed及Web of Science数据库从建库至2018年2月发表的相关文献;对纳入文献进行Meta分析,并对性别、年龄、压疮分期、科室、...目的:通过Meta分析了解我国住院患者压疮现患率及医院获得性压疮现患率。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang、VIP、CBM、Pubmed及Web of Science数据库从建库至2018年2月发表的相关文献;对纳入文献进行Meta分析,并对性别、年龄、压疮分期、科室、压疮部位等进行亚组分析。结果:纳入20篇文献进行Meta分析,研究总样本量为422 523例,压疮患者4 019例,其中17篇文献报道了医院获得性压疮发生人数共计709例。Meta分析结果显示,我国住院患者压疮现患率为1.67%,医院获得性压疮现患率为0.68%;亚组分析中,男性压疮现患率为1.19%,高于女性压疮现患率(0.69%);大于80岁年龄段患者的压疮现患率最高(5.33%);I期和II期压疮现患率较高,分别为0.59%、0.50%;ICU患者压疮现患率最高(18.76%);骶尾部压疮现患率最高(0.70%),其次是足跟部(0.13%)、髂嵴(0.10%)和大转子(0.10%,仅一篇文献);华南地区压疮现患率最高(3.98%),华北地区最低(0.56%,仅一篇文献);二级医院压疮现患率高于三级医院,分别为2.55%(仅一篇文献)、1.70%;按发表年份分组,我国住院患者压疮现患率呈上升趋势。结论:不同特征人群压疮现患率不同,男性、高年龄、ICU患者、华南地区及二级医院是需要关注的高发群体,I期、II期压疮是临床重要防控目标,骶尾、足跟、髂嵴及大转子部位是压疮好发部位,需重点检查,每年应进行压疮现患率调研,以获得压疮现况资料,为临床护理工作提供依据。展开更多
Background The emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics, such as macrolides, is complicating the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Telithromycin, a ketolide antimicrobial struc...Background The emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics, such as macrolides, is complicating the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Telithromycin, a ketolide antimicrobial structurally related to macrolides, is approved for the treatment of community-acquired RTIs, and shows lower pathogen resistance rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of telithromycin with clarithromycin, a macrolide routinely used as therapy for RTIs. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of relevant randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and VIP databases. The primary efficacy outcome was clinical treatment success assessed at the test-of-cure time in the per-protocol population, and the primary safety outcome was drug related adverse effects. Results Seven RCTs, involving 2845 patients with RTIs, were included in the meta-analysis. Oral telithromycin and clarithromycin showed a similar clinical treatment success in modified intention to treat and per-protocol population (cure and improvement) (odds ratios (ORs): 0.84, 95% confidence intervals (C/): 0.64-1.11 and OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.71-1.85, respectively). Similar findings were obtained for secondary efficacy outcomes: clinical treatment success at a late post- therapy visit (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.57-1.48) and microbiological treatment success at the test-of-cure time (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.71-1.85). The safety outcome analysis indicated telithromycin had a similar risk of drug-related adverse effect and serious adverse effect with clarithromycin. Conclusions Our findings indicate that oral telithromycin and clarithromycin have similar treatment efficacy and adverse effect. The advantages of lower antimicrobial resistance rates, once-daily short-duration dosing and reported lower health- care costs make oral telithromycin a useful option for the empiric management of mild-to-moderate RTIs.展开更多
文摘目的比较非限制性探视制度和限制性探视制度对重症监护病房(ICU)患者谵妄、住院时间、获得性感染及患者焦虑抑郁的影响,探寻ICU最佳探视模式。方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网全文数据库和维普数据库相关研究,截止日期2019年3月31日。由2名研究员对文献质量进行严格评价和资料提取,对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果研究共纳入18篇文献,其中13篇中文,5篇英文;8项研究为随机对照试验,10项研究为类实验研究。总样本量4728例。将纳入研究按照研究设计和探视时间长短分亚组,森林图结果显示,与限制性探视相比较,非限制性探视制度能有效降低ICU患者谵妄发生率[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.15,0.24),P<0.001]、减少ICU患者焦虑[MD=-1.60,95%CI(-1.67,-1.54),P<0.001]和抑郁[MD=-1.63,95%CI(-2.76,-0.49),P=0.003]等不良心理状态,并能有效提高ICU患者家属对ICU医护工作的满意度[OR=3.56,95%CI(2.32,5.48),P<0.1];同时,非限制性探视并不会增加ICU获得性感染的发生率[OR=0.82,95%CI(0.55,1.21),P=0.31]、ICU病死率[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.21,1.79),P=0.37]和住院时间[MD=-0.40,95%CI(-1.29,0.50),P=0.39]。不考虑纳入研究设计,非限制性探视制度可降低ICU获得性感染的发生率[OR=0.65,95%CI(0.51,0.82),P=0.004],并且探视时间越长ICU获得性感染的发生率反而越低[OR=0.75,95%CI(0.61,0.91),P=0.004]。结论非限制性探视制度可以在不增加ICU获得性感染、住院时间和病死率的基础上,有效地降低ICU患者谵妄发生率,降低危重患者焦虑、抑郁等心理状态评分,提高ICU患者家属的满意度。
文摘目的:通过Meta分析了解我国住院患者压疮现患率及医院获得性压疮现患率。方法:检索CNKI、Wanfang、VIP、CBM、Pubmed及Web of Science数据库从建库至2018年2月发表的相关文献;对纳入文献进行Meta分析,并对性别、年龄、压疮分期、科室、压疮部位等进行亚组分析。结果:纳入20篇文献进行Meta分析,研究总样本量为422 523例,压疮患者4 019例,其中17篇文献报道了医院获得性压疮发生人数共计709例。Meta分析结果显示,我国住院患者压疮现患率为1.67%,医院获得性压疮现患率为0.68%;亚组分析中,男性压疮现患率为1.19%,高于女性压疮现患率(0.69%);大于80岁年龄段患者的压疮现患率最高(5.33%);I期和II期压疮现患率较高,分别为0.59%、0.50%;ICU患者压疮现患率最高(18.76%);骶尾部压疮现患率最高(0.70%),其次是足跟部(0.13%)、髂嵴(0.10%)和大转子(0.10%,仅一篇文献);华南地区压疮现患率最高(3.98%),华北地区最低(0.56%,仅一篇文献);二级医院压疮现患率高于三级医院,分别为2.55%(仅一篇文献)、1.70%;按发表年份分组,我国住院患者压疮现患率呈上升趋势。结论:不同特征人群压疮现患率不同,男性、高年龄、ICU患者、华南地区及二级医院是需要关注的高发群体,I期、II期压疮是临床重要防控目标,骶尾、足跟、髂嵴及大转子部位是压疮好发部位,需重点检查,每年应进行压疮现患率调研,以获得压疮现况资料,为临床护理工作提供依据。
文摘Background The emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics, such as macrolides, is complicating the management of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Telithromycin, a ketolide antimicrobial structurally related to macrolides, is approved for the treatment of community-acquired RTIs, and shows lower pathogen resistance rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of telithromycin with clarithromycin, a macrolide routinely used as therapy for RTIs. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of relevant randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) identified in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and VIP databases. The primary efficacy outcome was clinical treatment success assessed at the test-of-cure time in the per-protocol population, and the primary safety outcome was drug related adverse effects. Results Seven RCTs, involving 2845 patients with RTIs, were included in the meta-analysis. Oral telithromycin and clarithromycin showed a similar clinical treatment success in modified intention to treat and per-protocol population (cure and improvement) (odds ratios (ORs): 0.84, 95% confidence intervals (C/): 0.64-1.11 and OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.71-1.85, respectively). Similar findings were obtained for secondary efficacy outcomes: clinical treatment success at a late post- therapy visit (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.57-1.48) and microbiological treatment success at the test-of-cure time (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.71-1.85). The safety outcome analysis indicated telithromycin had a similar risk of drug-related adverse effect and serious adverse effect with clarithromycin. Conclusions Our findings indicate that oral telithromycin and clarithromycin have similar treatment efficacy and adverse effect. The advantages of lower antimicrobial resistance rates, once-daily short-duration dosing and reported lower health- care costs make oral telithromycin a useful option for the empiric management of mild-to-moderate RTIs.