Sociodemographic and Scanographic Aspects of Primary Bronchopulmonary Cancer in a Hospital in Mali

Summary: A malignant tumour that develops from the bronchial epithelium and then invades the lungs. It ranks third after colorectal and breast cancer. In Mali, computed tomography (CT) is the main imaging tool used at all stages of treatment. We had initiated this study with the objective of specifying the place of CT in the diagnosis of primary bronchopulmonary cancer at the hospital of Mali. Method: This is a prospective and descriptive study conducted by the Medical Imaging and Thoracic Surgery departments at Mali Hospital from March 2014 to February 2015. All the patients who have benefited from a CT scan and presenting at least one histologically confirmed bronchopulmonary tumor were included. Results: We were recruiting 60 patients with bronchopulmonary cancers out of 500 referred for a thoracic CT scan performed, a frequency of 12%. There was one male patient with a sex ratio of 4H/1F. The average age was 60 years. The history of smoking was 85%. The symptoms were dominated by general condition (63.33%), cough (25%) and haemoptysis (58.33%). CT scans were performed in all patients. The lesions were located more in the lower lobes (71%). The tumours were: heterogeneous tissue density (70%), spiculated contours (80%), and the histology was more non-small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The incidence of bronchopulmonary cancer is very high and its prognosis is poor at an advanced stage. The evaluative role of CT and biopsy guidance has given it a place of choice in its management. The diagnosis of certainty remains histology.

Epidemiological Profile of Newborns Who Died during Their Hospitalization in the Neonatology Unit, Mali Hospital

Introduction: Neonatal mortality is a serious problem, particularly in developing countries. Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinical profiles of newborns who died during their hospitalization in the neonatology unit of the hospital in Mali. Methodology: This was a prospective study over a 12-month period (January 1 to December 31, 2020) including all newborns aged 0 - 28 days who died during their hospitalization. Results: A total of 424 neonates were hospitalized in neonatology, 54 died, or 12.73%. Newborns aged 0 - 7 days at admission were the most represented at 79.63% and 94.4% were full-term babies. The male gender was dominant with a ratio of 1.17. The following characteristics were frequently observed in the mothers: not educated (46.3%), poor 75.9%, living in urban areas (68%), housewives 75.4%, and having had less than 4 antenatal care visits (53.7%). For babies, respiratory distress and hyperthermia were the most common reasons for hospitalization (37% and 22.2%, respectively), with 40% being resuscitated at birth. Infection and perinatal anoxia were the most frequent diagnoses, respectively 96.3% and 37%. The death occurred within the first three days of hospitalization in 60% of cases. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality rate in our facilities, monitoring of pregnancy and delivery, and correct management of newborns both at birth and in the pediatric wards are important.