Objective:To understand the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients and their drug resistance changes in general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,so as to provide reference for appropriate selecti...Objective:To understand the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients and their drug resistance changes in general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,so as to provide reference for appropriate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the bacteriological distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogens isolated from the specimens of hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of the hospital from 2019 to 2021.The US technology BD Phoenix 100 automatic bacterial identification analyzer was used for bacterial identification of the pathogen samples,disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility test,and SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the trend of drug resistance.Results:A total of 970 strains of nosocomial pathogens were detected in the three years.The main pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii(133 strains,13.71%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(106 strains,10.93%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(83 strains,8.56%),Escherichia coli(76 strains,7.84%)and Enterococcus faecium(69 strains,7.11%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics was high.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli had low resistance rates to carbapenems.The situation of bacterial drug resistance is still serious.Conclusion:The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria collected from Class III Grade A Hospital’s patients to antibiotics was generally high.Therefore,clinical departments should strengthen the inspection of specimens of infection and drug sensitivity test in order to grasp the resistance mechanisms and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria changes,and select appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the test results.Besides,the formation of drug-resistant strains also needs to be prevented,and the treatment of patients with severe infection needs to be improved.展开更多
Over the last three decades, Acinetobacter has gained importance as a leading nosocomial pathogen, partly due to its impressive genetic capabilities to acquire resistance and partly due to high selective pressure, esp...Over the last three decades, Acinetobacter has gained importance as a leading nosocomial pathogen, partly due to its impressive genetic capabilities to acquire resistance and partly due to high selective pressure, especially in critical care units. This low-virulence organism has turned into a multidrug resistant pathogen and now alarming healthcare providers worldwide. Acinetobacter baumanni(A. baumannii) is a major species, contributing about 80% of all Acinetobacter hospital-acquired infections. It disseminates antibiotic resistance by virtue of its extraordinary ability to accept or donate resistance plasmids. The procedures for breaking the route of transmission are still proper hand washing and personal hygiene(both the patient and the healthcare professional), reducing patient's biofilm burden from skin, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents. The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in A. baumannii leaves almost no cure for these "bad bugs".To control hospital outbreaks of multidrug resistantAcinetobacter infection, we need to contain their dissemination or require new drugs or a rational combination therapy. The optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infection has not been clearly established, and empirical therapy continues to require knowledge of susceptibility patterns of isolates from one's own institution. This review mainly focused on general features and introduction to A. baumannii and its epidemiological status, potential sources of infection, risk factors, and strategies to control infection to minimize spread.展开更多
This paper summarizes the characteristics and control of hospital-wide infections as identified by domestic surveys and research studies. This review also provides references to establish the basis for the control and...This paper summarizes the characteristics and control of hospital-wide infections as identified by domestic surveys and research studies. This review also provides references to establish the basis for the control and management of hospital-acquired infection. Hospitalacquired infections are mainly initiated by Gram-negative bacteria and mainly localize in the lower respiratory tracts of patients. The intensive care unit has the highest infection rate among all hospital departments. Infants and the elderly are the most susceptible groups of patients to infection. Hands are an important route of pathogen transmission. The abuse of antibacterial drugs is an important factor of hospital-acquired infection. To control hospital-acquired infections, a sound management system should be established. In addition, medical staff, especially newcomers and interns, must receive strengthened training to improve their knowledge of hospital-acquired infection. Hand hygiene and the rational use of antibacterial drugs should be emphasized.展开更多
目的:利用CiteSpace软件的可视化功能,探究医院感染病原菌耐药的研究现状、热点。方法:将2001—2021年中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普数据库(VIP)、Web of Science(WOS)共5676篇有关医院感染病原菌耐药性的中英文文献纳入研...目的:利用CiteSpace软件的可视化功能,探究医院感染病原菌耐药的研究现状、热点。方法:将2001—2021年中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普数据库(VIP)、Web of Science(WOS)共5676篇有关医院感染病原菌耐药性的中英文文献纳入研究,运用可视化软件,分析文献发文量,作者合作网络,国家和机构合作网络,关键词共现、聚类、突现,分析医院感染病原菌耐药性的研究热点及趋势。结果:在医院感染病原菌耐药领域内,我国发表的相关文献数量位居世界第2,极大地促进了该领域研究的发展;近些年来,英文文献发表数量持续稳定增加。现有研究大多都对耐药菌感染方式持较高关注度,然而,中文文献较侧重关注医院感染病原菌耐药性的临床防治问题,英文文献则较侧重关注医院感染病原菌耐药的基础性研究。结论:国内外医院感染病原菌耐药性研究分别对耐药影响因素和耐药菌基础性层面的研究持较高的关注度,提示以上主题是该领域的研究热点。展开更多
Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical care.These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries.Nosocomial infections accounts for 7% in devel...Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical care.These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries.Nosocomial infections accounts for 7% in developed and 10% in developing countries.As these infections occur during hospital stay,they cause prolonged stay,disability,and economic burden.Frequently prevalent infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections,catheter-associated urinary tract infections,surgical site infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Nosocomial pathogens include bacteria,viruses and fungal parasites.According to WHO estimates,approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these infections.During hospitalization,patient is exposed to pathogens through different sources environment,healthcare staff,and other infected patients.Transmission of these infections should be restricted for prevention.Hospital waste serves as potential source of pathogens and about 20%–25% of hospital waste is termed as hazardous.Nosocomial infections can be controlled by practicing infection control programs,keep check on antimicrobial use and its resistance,adopting antibiotic control policy.Efficient surveillance system can play its part at national and international level.Efforts are required by all stakeholders to prevent and control nosocomial infections.展开更多
基金In-Hospital Fund Project of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University:Analysis of Nosocomial Infection in Intensive Care Unit(2019Q030)。
文摘Objective:To understand the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients and their drug resistance changes in general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,so as to provide reference for appropriate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the bacteriological distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogens isolated from the specimens of hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of the hospital from 2019 to 2021.The US technology BD Phoenix 100 automatic bacterial identification analyzer was used for bacterial identification of the pathogen samples,disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility test,and SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the trend of drug resistance.Results:A total of 970 strains of nosocomial pathogens were detected in the three years.The main pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii(133 strains,13.71%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(106 strains,10.93%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(83 strains,8.56%),Escherichia coli(76 strains,7.84%)and Enterococcus faecium(69 strains,7.11%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics was high.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli had low resistance rates to carbapenems.The situation of bacterial drug resistance is still serious.Conclusion:The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria collected from Class III Grade A Hospital’s patients to antibiotics was generally high.Therefore,clinical departments should strengthen the inspection of specimens of infection and drug sensitivity test in order to grasp the resistance mechanisms and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria changes,and select appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the test results.Besides,the formation of drug-resistant strains also needs to be prevented,and the treatment of patients with severe infection needs to be improved.
文摘Over the last three decades, Acinetobacter has gained importance as a leading nosocomial pathogen, partly due to its impressive genetic capabilities to acquire resistance and partly due to high selective pressure, especially in critical care units. This low-virulence organism has turned into a multidrug resistant pathogen and now alarming healthcare providers worldwide. Acinetobacter baumanni(A. baumannii) is a major species, contributing about 80% of all Acinetobacter hospital-acquired infections. It disseminates antibiotic resistance by virtue of its extraordinary ability to accept or donate resistance plasmids. The procedures for breaking the route of transmission are still proper hand washing and personal hygiene(both the patient and the healthcare professional), reducing patient's biofilm burden from skin, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents. The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in A. baumannii leaves almost no cure for these "bad bugs".To control hospital outbreaks of multidrug resistantAcinetobacter infection, we need to contain their dissemination or require new drugs or a rational combination therapy. The optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infection has not been clearly established, and empirical therapy continues to require knowledge of susceptibility patterns of isolates from one's own institution. This review mainly focused on general features and introduction to A. baumannii and its epidemiological status, potential sources of infection, risk factors, and strategies to control infection to minimize spread.
文摘This paper summarizes the characteristics and control of hospital-wide infections as identified by domestic surveys and research studies. This review also provides references to establish the basis for the control and management of hospital-acquired infection. Hospitalacquired infections are mainly initiated by Gram-negative bacteria and mainly localize in the lower respiratory tracts of patients. The intensive care unit has the highest infection rate among all hospital departments. Infants and the elderly are the most susceptible groups of patients to infection. Hands are an important route of pathogen transmission. The abuse of antibacterial drugs is an important factor of hospital-acquired infection. To control hospital-acquired infections, a sound management system should be established. In addition, medical staff, especially newcomers and interns, must receive strengthened training to improve their knowledge of hospital-acquired infection. Hand hygiene and the rational use of antibacterial drugs should be emphasized.
文摘目的:利用CiteSpace软件的可视化功能,探究医院感染病原菌耐药的研究现状、热点。方法:将2001—2021年中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普数据库(VIP)、Web of Science(WOS)共5676篇有关医院感染病原菌耐药性的中英文文献纳入研究,运用可视化软件,分析文献发文量,作者合作网络,国家和机构合作网络,关键词共现、聚类、突现,分析医院感染病原菌耐药性的研究热点及趋势。结果:在医院感染病原菌耐药领域内,我国发表的相关文献数量位居世界第2,极大地促进了该领域研究的发展;近些年来,英文文献发表数量持续稳定增加。现有研究大多都对耐药菌感染方式持较高关注度,然而,中文文献较侧重关注医院感染病原菌耐药性的临床防治问题,英文文献则较侧重关注医院感染病原菌耐药的基础性研究。结论:国内外医院感染病原菌耐药性研究分别对耐药影响因素和耐药菌基础性层面的研究持较高的关注度,提示以上主题是该领域的研究热点。
文摘Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections occur in patients under medical care.These infections occur worldwide both in developed and developing countries.Nosocomial infections accounts for 7% in developed and 10% in developing countries.As these infections occur during hospital stay,they cause prolonged stay,disability,and economic burden.Frequently prevalent infections include central line-associated bloodstream infections,catheter-associated urinary tract infections,surgical site infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Nosocomial pathogens include bacteria,viruses and fungal parasites.According to WHO estimates,approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these infections.During hospitalization,patient is exposed to pathogens through different sources environment,healthcare staff,and other infected patients.Transmission of these infections should be restricted for prevention.Hospital waste serves as potential source of pathogens and about 20%–25% of hospital waste is termed as hazardous.Nosocomial infections can be controlled by practicing infection control programs,keep check on antimicrobial use and its resistance,adopting antibiotic control policy.Efficient surveillance system can play its part at national and international level.Efforts are required by all stakeholders to prevent and control nosocomial infections.
