“Treating employees as customers”is known as the core concept of internal marketing.In particular,it was born and developed for hospitality organizations.However,no specific method has been represented so far.In the...“Treating employees as customers”is known as the core concept of internal marketing.In particular,it was born and developed for hospitality organizations.However,no specific method has been represented so far.In the previous research(Hashimoto,2018a;2018b;2019),it was verified the concrete method based on the core concept of internal marketing,“Treating employees as customers”.There are career support,mental support,and dialogue.In this paper,it is verified whether the concepts of these three methods are represented in the hospitality organization through interviewing staff of Japanese hotel company that is continuing to grow rapidly.As a result of the consideration,it is confirmed that the concepts of the three methods are certainly represented in the organization.It will provide new point of view for concrete methods of Internal Marketing that have not been shown so far.Hope that this paper will facilitate research on hospitality organizations such as hotels,which is not so considered in Japan.展开更多
Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environ...Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environment will induce diseases and pose a powerful threat to human health and safety,and environmental ecology.In recent years,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),particularly photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and ozone catalysis have been developed as widespread and effective techniques for hospital sewage treatments.However,there is a lack of systematic comparison and review of the prior studies on hospital sewage treatment using AOPs systems.This review elaborates on the mechanisms,removal efficiencies,and advantages/disadvantages of these AOPs systems for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection.Meanwhile,some novel and potential technologies such as photo-electrocatalysis,electro-peroxone,Fenton/Fenton-like,and piezoelectric catalysis are also included and summarized.Moreover,we further summarize and compare the capacity of these AOPs to treat the actual hospital wastewater under the impact of the water matrix and pH,and estimate the economic cost of these technologies for practical application.Finally,the future development directions of AOPs for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection have been prospected.Overall,this study provides a comparison and overview of these AOP systems in an attempt to raise extensive concerns about hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection technologies and guide researchers to discover the future directions of technologies optimization,which would be a crucial step forward in the field of hospital sewage treatment.展开更多
文摘“Treating employees as customers”is known as the core concept of internal marketing.In particular,it was born and developed for hospitality organizations.However,no specific method has been represented so far.In the previous research(Hashimoto,2018a;2018b;2019),it was verified the concrete method based on the core concept of internal marketing,“Treating employees as customers”.There are career support,mental support,and dialogue.In this paper,it is verified whether the concepts of these three methods are represented in the hospitality organization through interviewing staff of Japanese hotel company that is continuing to grow rapidly.As a result of the consideration,it is confirmed that the concepts of the three methods are certainly represented in the organization.It will provide new point of view for concrete methods of Internal Marketing that have not been shown so far.Hope that this paper will facilitate research on hospitality organizations such as hotels,which is not so considered in Japan.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170088 and 52070133)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690844)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDRC0027)for financially supporting this study.
文摘Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environment will induce diseases and pose a powerful threat to human health and safety,and environmental ecology.In recent years,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),particularly photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and ozone catalysis have been developed as widespread and effective techniques for hospital sewage treatments.However,there is a lack of systematic comparison and review of the prior studies on hospital sewage treatment using AOPs systems.This review elaborates on the mechanisms,removal efficiencies,and advantages/disadvantages of these AOPs systems for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection.Meanwhile,some novel and potential technologies such as photo-electrocatalysis,electro-peroxone,Fenton/Fenton-like,and piezoelectric catalysis are also included and summarized.Moreover,we further summarize and compare the capacity of these AOPs to treat the actual hospital wastewater under the impact of the water matrix and pH,and estimate the economic cost of these technologies for practical application.Finally,the future development directions of AOPs for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection have been prospected.Overall,this study provides a comparison and overview of these AOP systems in an attempt to raise extensive concerns about hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection technologies and guide researchers to discover the future directions of technologies optimization,which would be a crucial step forward in the field of hospital sewage treatment.
