Review of advanced oxidation processes for treating hospital sewage to achieve decontamination and disinfection

Hospital sewage contains various harmful pharmaceutical contaminants(e.g.,antibiotics,anti-inflammatory agents,and painkillers)and pathogens(e.g.,bacteria,viruses,and parasites),whose direct discharge into the environment will induce diseases and pose a powerful threat to human health and safety,and environmental ecology.In recent years,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs),particularly photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,and ozone catalysis have been developed as widespread and effective techniques for hospital sewage treatments.However,there is a lack of systematic comparison and review of the prior studies on hospital sewage treatment using AOPs systems.This review elaborates on the mechanisms,removal efficiencies,and advantages/disadvantages of these AOPs systems for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection.Meanwhile,some novel and potential technologies such as photo-electrocatalysis,electro-peroxone,Fenton/Fenton-like,and piezoelectric catalysis are also included and summarized.Moreover,we further summarize and compare the capacity of these AOPs to treat the actual hospital wastewater under the impact of the water matrix and pH,and estimate the economic cost of these technologies for practical application.Finally,the future development directions of AOPs for hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection have been prospected.Overall,this study provides a comparison and overview of these AOP systems in an attempt to raise extensive concerns about hospital wastewater decontamination and disinfection technologies and guide researchers to discover the future directions of technologies optimization,which would be a crucial step forward in the field of hospital sewage treatment.

Status of Clinical Researches on Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus at Our Hospital in Recent 30 Years

Lupus erythematosus（LE） is one of autoimmune diseases which could be classified,according to the spectrum of severity,into the chronic discoid type （DLE）,profundal type（PLE）,subacute skin type（ScLE）, systemic type（SLE）,overlap type（OLE） and its subtype, i.e.,mixed connective tissue disease（MCTD）.The injury of mild LE is limited mainly at the local skin,

中国5省9家医院就诊人群中丙型肝炎患者诊疗现状研究

目的了解医院就诊人群中筛查出的丙型肝炎（简称＂丙肝＂）患者的诊疗状况。方法在辽宁、河南等5省9家医院中,对所有首次诊断为丙肝的患者进行横断面调查,了解其丙肝相关检测原因、肝功能等有关生化指标以及诊断和治疗等情况,并对不同级别医院的情况进行分析比较。结果共调查符合条件的丙肝患者599例,其中61.4%（368例）患者是通过被动筛查发现的,就诊者主动检测仅占17.9%（107例）;16.5%（99例）患者在诊断时已经出现了肝纤维化或肝硬化。诊断出的丙肝患者中67.9%（407例）未进行核酸检测,由于缺乏核酸检测能力,就诊于二级医院的患者均未进行核酸确诊。治疗方面,三级医院中77.6%（319例）丙肝患者未接受任何治疗,二级医院抗病毒治疗能力较差,60.1%（113例）患者接受保肝或中药治疗。在确诊丙肝病例中,接受抗病毒治疗的仅占14.6%（28/192）,其中49名急需治疗的肝纤维化或肝硬化的患者仅有2名接受了抗病毒治疗。结论中国丙肝患者主动检测意识较差,抗病毒治疗率较低,基层医院丙肝诊疗严重能力不足,应加大丙肝防治宣传力度,加强专业人员培训,进一步提升丙肝确诊能力。