The Application of Solid Waste in Thermal Insulation Materials: A Review

As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.

Optimum Distribution of Two Different Phase Change Materials between Various Components of Roof Air-Conditioned Room, Suitable to Reduce Annual Energy Consumption

Obviously, the outside annual climate change caused either by a major solar input during the hottest period or by a temperature drop during the coldest period leads to discomfort in inside buildings. This effect can be reduced by storing heat transmitted in phase change materials (PCM) as latent heat, in order to ensure a good situation of thermal comfort during all months of the year. In this work, thermal behavior of two roofing systems is studied. One roof is constituted only by usual materials in building. In the other, two phase change materials (PCM) are introduced according to three configurations. Study is interested to assess incorporation effect of two PCMs within the roof and to evaluate the optimum locations to reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioned room. Mono-dimensional numerical model validated analytically and experimentally, is used to carry out a parametric analyzes to determine characteristics of the layers in which the roofs are formed regardless of external climate effect. Numerical calculations are performed for three configurations of roof. Results show that insertion of phase change materials in roof provides best energy consumption saving regardless annual climate change. Generally, the three configurations lead to different results, depending on the combination of PCMs. This difference becomes less important when selection of PCMs take account the thermal comfort level and temperatures of hottest and coldest periods.

Indirect Water Consumption:The Scope 3 of Water?Estimation of This Indicator in Sectors Relying on Agriculture

The aim of this research project is to assess indirect water consumption,that represents the water consumed in the upstream part of the production life cycle.Estimations are provided for agriculture related companies,as agriculture represents 70%of water consumption on Earth.This consumption varies greatly according to the countries where supply chain is located.The estimation is attempted for 27 European listed companies in sectors relying on agriculture in its supply chain.A data is estimated for 22 companies,showing that indirect water consumption is much more important than direct one.Strategic questions raised through the estimation of indirect water consumption in various subsectors show the interest in this data,which represents the equivalent of Carbon Scope 3 for water issues.

Functional Materials To Drive RE Consumption Market

1. RE Permanent Materials Chinese demand for RE permanent magnets increases at 20% per year. The output of sintered NdFeB magnets will reach 70,000 tons in 2010, 75% of the world total, with sales value of RMB $26 billion. 2. RE Catalyst

Calculating Method for Influence of Material Flow on Energy Consumption in Steel Manufacturing Process

From the viewpoint of systems energy conservation, the influences of material flow on its energy consumption in a steel manufacturing process is an important subject. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between material flow and the energy intensity is useful to save energy in steel industry. Based on the concept of standard material flow diagram, all possible situations of ferric material flow in steel manufacturing process are analyzed. The expressions of the influence of material flow deviated from standard material flow diagram on energy consumption are put forward.

Influence of decorative materials on cooling load of residential apartments

The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.

Effect of Rare Earth Composite Ceramic Materials on Oil Combustion of Oil-Burning Boiler

The rare earth composite ceramic materials were prepared using rare earths and far infrared natural mineral. The effects of the as-prepared ceramic materials on the oil consumption and air pollutants emissions of oil-burning boiler were investigated. The results show that the composite ceramic materials can radiate higher intensity of far infrared. The molecular movement is strengthened and the chemical bonds of the molecules are easily ruptured when the diesel oil is dealt with the composite materials. The oil-saving rate of the RBS·VH-1 .5 boiler dealt with the rare earth composite ceramic materials is 3.49%, and the reducing rates of CO and NO in the exhaust gas are 25.4% and 9.7%, respectively.

石膏基复合相变储能材料的研究进展

建筑能耗、工业能耗和交通能耗是能源消耗的主要方式。其中,建筑能耗约占能源消耗的40%,建筑能耗的持续上升会增加碳排放和加速化石能源的消耗,因此,如何提升建筑材料的保温节能性能逐渐成为建筑材料领域的研究热点。储热技术不仅可以降低建筑能耗,还可以减少环境污染。相变储能材料具有优异的储放热能力,是实现热能储存以及温度控制的重要技术手段,在建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文主要综述了石膏基相变储能材料的研究进展;根据石膏基相变材料的不同,分析归纳了石膏基有机相变材料和石膏基复合相变材料;介绍了浸渍法、多孔材料吸附法、微胶囊法等制备石膏基复合相变储能材料的方法和机理及影响石膏基相变储能材料的因素;展望了石膏基相变储能材料的研究方向。

数模联动的多特征工件加工能耗预测方法研究

在实际切削加工过程中材料去除率是不断变化的,现有将其视为恒量的能耗建模方法难以实现能耗准确预测。为了提高切削过程能耗预测精度,提出了一种基于材料去除率的数模联动加工能耗预测方法。首先,基于切削过程刀具与工件的接触关系分析了切入、完全切入和切出阶段材料去除率变化规律,并对相应的加工能耗特性进行了分析;其次,提出了数据驱动的刀具切入,切出阶段加工能耗预测方法,以及模型驱动的完全切入阶段加工能耗预测方法,实现加工过程能耗准确预测;最后,利用实验案例验证了所提模型及方法的有效性,为今后研究能耗预测精度奠定了基础。

新增医疗服务价格项目管理政策回顾、实施难点及建议

比较各地新增医疗服务价格项目管理方案和主要做法,发现各地新增价格项目受理未区分难度、消耗和缓急,未明确绿色通道和加收情形;新增价格项目将耗材打包收费,难以客观体现技术劳务与设备物耗贡献;新增医疗服务价格项目要素不统一,影响区域间医院价格管理效果评价;新增价格项目成本测算表构成与计算口径各异,影响区域间数据的比较;价格政策执行情况检查结果与新增价格项目管理之间缺乏有效协同衔接。建议整合现行政策文件,出台国家新增医疗服务价格项目管理指导意见;公立医院要响应临床需求,加强新增价格项目申报、成本测算、执行情况管理,促进医疗技术创新发展和临床应用。

高性能机油净化碳基复合定型滤芯研制与应用

针对目前机油滤清器滤芯存在的机油净化性能差、使用寿命短等问题,通过活性炭与聚氨酯经插嵌微发泡复合定型,研发首创出具有开孔型微泡网状结构碳基复合定型滤芯,并研究其性能。结果表明,碳基复合定型滤芯属于过滤-吸附双效深层体型滤材,阻力小、流量大;通过开孔型微泡网状结构过滤作用和碳材料吸附作用的协同效应,显著提升机油净化性能、延长使用寿命;与德国马勒纸质滤清器相比,碳基复合滤清器在汽车90 km/h等速行驶测试中节约燃油达3.80%,4辆实车、累计66801公里行驶验证,碳基复合滤清器节约燃油3.17~3.33%。碳基复合滤清器节油效果显著,大规模推广与应用将产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。

冰鲜展示台的性能研究与不同气候分区经济分析

本研究提出了一种相变蓄冷冰鲜展示台,选择相变温度为-4.45℃,相变潜热为300.8 J/g的乳酸钙复合溶液做为蓄冷材料,将通过热负荷计算蓄冷体积为24.8 L的蓄冷材料放置在冰鲜展示台上,测试连续运行过程中温度波动、功率、耗电量及耗冰量,以及不同气候分区经济性分析。结果表明:与传统冰鲜展示台相比,相变蓄冷冰鲜展示台耗电量降低了38.43%,五大气候分区城市中,长沙的节能效益最高为1141.86元,其投资回收期最短为0.757年。单台相变蓄冷冰鲜展示台与传统冰鲜台相比,每年减少用冰13.14吨,减少CO_(2)排放量1.13吨。

感应加热卷烟烟具用电磁屏蔽材料

本研究采用COMSOL有限元软件仿真能量转换效率随屏蔽材料磁导率的变化规律,结果表明,当μ″=0时,μ'越大,能量转换效率越高;当μ″≠0,则存在μ'与μ″的最佳匹配值。根据仿真结果,选取合适的屏蔽材料,在感应加热卷烟烟具保持谐振状态,且发热体温度满足要求的基础上,采用功率分析仪测试烟具1个工作循环的能耗。测试结果表明:在240~320 kHz频率范围内,采用铁氧体材料,μ'越高,效果越优。当μ'为220时,可将1个工作循环能耗由978.14 J降至833.40 J,能量转转效率提升14.80%。采用纳米晶材料,当μ=2064-j349时,性能最优,1个工作循环能耗可降至811.30 J,能量转换效率提升17.06%,随μ'及μ″的进一步提高,能耗逐渐增大,此规律与仿真结果一致。因此,通过合理选择电磁屏蔽材料可提高感应加热卷烟烟具的能量转换效率。

降低转炉总包耐火材料消耗实践

针对国内某钢厂210 t转炉吨钢耐材消耗偏高的现状,从炉底炉型优化、合理的耐材匹配及转炉终渣控制等方面进行优化实践。结果表明:对于该钢厂平底型转炉炉壳,炉底工作层设计为平底型炉型能减缓炉底中心的侵蚀速率;通过对炉底工作层自800 mm加厚至1000 mm,并改变炉型,全炉役炉底平均侵蚀速率降低19%;对于低碳钢冶炼的转炉,适当减少炉底及后大面镁碳砖碳含量,可减缓炉底及后大面侵蚀;适当调整转炉终渣碱度及MgO含量,提高全炉役溅渣比例可有效减少转炉维护。采取一系列措施后,转炉维护总消耗下降0.13 kg/t钢。

屏幕的演化与未来展望——技术文化史视角的溯源与反思

屏幕已然成为人类存在状况的最新征候。信息文明与载体演变共同推动着屏幕时代的来临。文章基于技术文化史视角,聚焦大众的技术使用及其社会文化影响,把屏幕的本质限定于文化消费与文化生活的层面。作为文化消费终端的极致体现,屏幕的演化可分为四个阶段,分别对应了文化消费与文化生活的四次重大变迁:电影屏幕之于“显像”阶段,电视屏幕之于“入户”阶段,电脑屏幕之于“齐一”阶段,手机屏幕之于“独霸”阶段。这一演化历程也体现为虚实融合与载体强化的过程。最终,数字化消解了影像的物质性,也使人与影像之间的中介形式大一统为数字屏幕。屏幕本身的物质局限性引发了人们对于后屏幕时代的畅想,物质性界面的消融则提供了从有屏到无屏的巨大想象空间,而当下屏幕带来的诸多异化也会在未来被更高级的技术形态所制衡。

建筑节能降耗系统相变储能砂浆特性

相变储能材料能够有效降低建筑系统的能耗,将研制的新型相变复合材料掺入到砂浆中制备出相变储能砂浆,重点考察了相变复合材料掺量对砂浆力学性能(表观密度、吸水率、抗压强度、抗折强度和软化系数)和热学性能(导热系数和比热容)的影响。结果表明:随着相变储能砂浆中新型相变复合材料掺量的逐渐增大,试样的吸水率逐渐增大,其余各项参数均逐渐减小。当新型相变复合材料的掺量达到30%时,砂浆试样的表观密度为2 007.6 kg·m^(-3),软化系数为0.87,吸水率为11.65%,导热系数为0.97 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),抗压强度为25.8 MPa,抗折强度为5.7 MPa,比热容为0.85 k J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1),砂浆试样的力学性能和热学性能均能满足相关标准的要求。研究的新型相变复合材料可以应用于建筑节能降耗系统中,达到降低建筑能耗的目的。

基于鲸鱼算法的轻烃回收工艺能耗分析与优化

在天然气轻烃回收工艺的过程中,影响丙烷收率和总能耗的因素较多,且各因素之间相互影响、相互作用,常规的参数调节方法无法同时满足高收率、低能耗的要求。基于物料平衡理论,根据Horton-Franklin方程对丙烷收率公式进行了推导,在确定关键参数的基础上,利用HYSYS软件完成了影响因素分析,最后通过鲸鱼算法实现多目标函数决策变量的优化求解。结果表明:丙烷收率与原料气中丙烷流量、低温分离器液相丙烷流量、吸收剂流量、吸收剂中丙烷摩尔含量、吸收剂液相分率、原料气流量、相平衡常数、理论塔板数等参数关联;常规软件优化器无法对设备内参数进行调整,存在弊端;通过鲸鱼算法优化后丙烷收率从95.32%降至95.05%,总能耗从4 138 kW降至3 875 kW,液化石油气和稳定轻油也符合装车要求,工艺适应性大大加强。

建筑节能设计在工业建筑设计中的运用分析

对建筑工程项目节能设计的可行性进行分析,从水资源节约、土地资源节约、材料节约、保温节能、自然环境利用几方面对建筑节能设计在工业建筑设计中的运用表现进行阐述,并从总体布局设计和房区设计两方面对建筑节能设计在工业建筑设计中的运用途径进行分析探讨。

降低新钢烧结机固体燃耗消耗生产实践

烧结工序占钢铁联合区企业工序能源总消耗的10%~15%,降低烧结燃料消耗对新钢降本增效起着至关重要的作用。通过优化铁料配矿结构、优化工艺参数以及减少上料系统缓料频次,达到了提高烧结工艺产量、降低耗能的目的,烧结矿固体燃料吨耗下降了6.09 kg,取得了良好的经济效果。

安庆铜矿尾砂综合利用工艺技术研究及应用

目的:随着开采年限增加,安庆铜矿已逐步面临尾矿库库容不足难题。为此开展了安庆铜矿尾矿综合利用工艺研究,以期实现尾砂资源化利用,降低排尾量,延长尾矿库使用年限。方法:通过安庆铜矿尾砂产出工艺调研,结合尾砂物化特性分析,研究形成了基于旋流分级联合震动脱水的尾砂综合利用工艺技术。并通过工业试验研究,分析了分级粗尾砂产品质量指标与利用效率。结果:试验结果表明,粗尾砂产品-74μm颗粒平均含量低于15%,含水率约18%,硫元素含量低于0.5%,均满足建筑用砂标准。工业试验的尾砂综合利用能力为30 t/h,利用效率为48%,每年可减少约20万t尾矿库排尾量,能有效缓解安庆铜矿尾矿库库容不足难题。意义:相关成果对于面临类似难题的矿山具有较好的指导意义和实用价值,为我国金属矿尾矿固废综合利用技术的发展起到促进作用。