Production and trade trend of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries

In order to promote agricultural production and trade cooperation among BRICS countries,and ensure the security and stability of the oils and oilseeds industrial and supply chains in China and the world,the production,consumption,trade trend,and cooperation potential of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries were expounded,and relevant policy recommendations were put forward.Most of the BRICS countries are major agricultural producers,and they are also important agricultural product consumption markets in the world.In 2023/2024,the production and consumption of oilseeds in BRICS countries account for nearly half of the world's total;the production of vegetable oils exceeds a quarter of the world's total,and the consumption of vegetable oils accounts for 40%of the world's total.In 2023/2024,the import and export volume of oilseeds exceeds half of the world's total;vegetable oil imports account for 40%of the world's total,and exports account for about one tenth of the world's total.China's imports of oilseeds and oils from BRICS countries account for 68%and 29%of its global imports in 2023,respectively.BRICS countries are rich in agricultural land resources,have great potential for oils and oilseeds production,obvious complementary advantages in trade structure,and huge space for future cooperation.It is suggested that Brazil should be included in the"Belt and Road"co-construction category to promote the continuous deepening of agricultural cooperation between China and Brazil.It is suggested to explore regional agricultural trade agreements among BRICS countries,promote currency settlement and exchange among BRICS countries,and enhance the facilitation and stability of BRICS trade.It is suggested that China should increase its investment in BRICS countries and export advanced technology and management experience to benefit local agricultural development and achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation.

Comparative Analysis of Sugar Production Cost in Guangxi and World Major Producing Countries

Guangxi is the largest sugar producing area in China and shoulders heavy responsibilities for the development of China’s sugar industry.In recent years,China’s sugar industry has been greatly impacted by the foreign low-cost sugar industry,and the planting area of sugarcane has been declining.The development foundation of the sugar industry is the sugarcane seed industry.Under the impact of foreign low-price sugar,China’s sugarcane industry is under greater pressure for development,and the sugarcane seed industry shoulders more arduous responsibilities.In order to cope with international competition,the development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry urgently needs to establish a development model oriented towards improved varieties,scale and mechanization of sugarcane,so as to promote the high-quality development of Guangxi’s sugarcane industry and effectively respond to the pressure of competition in the international sugarcane industry.

Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the environment.In the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS analysis.The products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and pesticides.Our results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection frequencies.Although the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal problem.Nevertheless,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

Feasibility Analysis and Policy Recommendations for Production of Hybrid Rice Seed in Foreign Countries

In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and quality improving of hybrid rice seed,strengthening competitive power at international market,guiding seed industry of China to go out,building transnational seed groups with core competitive power,establishing close relationship with developing countries,promoting the construction of One Belt One Road strategy,serving overall situation of diplomacy,and setting up excellent international image. It is feasible to produce hybrid seed in foreign countries considering( i) high overall national strength of China,( ii) rapid and healthy growth of China's seed industry and increasingly mature hybrid rice seed production technologies,( iii) excellent climatic conditions of foreign host countries of seed production,and( iv) low land and labor price of foreign host countries of seed production. However,there are social and policy risks,technology and trade barrier risks,market,production,and other risks for production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries. In view of these,it came up with recommendations,including allowing delivering parent seeds of hybrid rice to foreign countries,allowing delivering hybrid rice seed to China,solving the problem of " opening in protection,and protection in opening",and formulating a package of support policies.

Overview of Production of Major Tropical Crops in Asian Countries in 2014

On the basis of the FAO data,this paper analyzed the production,area harvested and yield of ten major tropical crops such as natural rubber,cassava and oil palm in Asian countries in 2014,in order to provide the basic data for international cooperation researches of tropical crops.

Development of Agricultural Products Trade between China and Four South Asian Countries--An Empirical Analysis Based on Trade Competitiveness and Complementarity

For the purpose of study,based on the data provided by the United Nations Comtrade Database in 2006-2016,and using the trade competitive advantage index,trade intensity index and trade complementarity index,this paper made an empirical analysis on the development of agricultural trade between China and four South Asian countries. The results show that the scale of agricultural trade between China and the four South Asian countries was further expanded,but the growth rate was stable and the trade share declined,but the development potential of both sides has not been fully explored. Generally,China's agricultural products remain at a relatively disadvantaged position. Trade competitiveness and complementarity coexist. There is a large development potential and cooperation space for agricultural products trade between China and four South Asian countries.

Discovery of natural products capable of inducing porcine host defense peptide gene expression using cell-based high throughput screening

Background:In-feed antibiotics are being phased out in livestock production worldwide.Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to maintain animal health and production performance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities.Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous HDPs represents a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to disease control and prevention.Methods:To identify natural products with an ability to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs,we performed a high-throughput screening of 1261 natural products using a newly-established stable luciferase reporter cell line known as IPEC-J2/pBD3-luc.The ability of the hit compounds to induce HDP genes in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells,3D4/31 macrophages,and jejunal explants were verified using RT-qPCR.Augmentation of the antibacterial activity of porcine 3D4/31 macrophages against a Gram-negative bacterium(enterotoxigenic E.coli)and a Gram-positive bacterium(Staphylococcus aureus)were further confirmed with four selected HDP-inducing compounds.Results:A total of 48 natural products with a minimum Z-score of 2.0 were identified after high-throughput screening,with 21 compounds giving at least 2-fold increase in luciferase activity in a follow-up dose-response experiment.Xanthohumol and deoxyshikonin were further found to be the most potent in inducing pBD3 mRNA expression,showing a minimum 10-fold increase in IPEC-J2,3D4/31 cells,and jejunal explants.Other compounds such as isorhapontigenin and calycosin also enhanced pBD3 mRNA expression by at least 10-fold in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunal explants,but not 3D4/31 cells.In addition to pBD3,other porcine HDP genes such as pBD2,PG1-5,and pEP2C were induced to different magnitudes by xanthohumol,deoxyshikonin,isorhapontigenin,and calycosin,although clear gene-and cell type-specific patterns of regulation were observed.Desirably,these four compounds had a minimum effect on the expression of several representative inflammatory cytokine genes.Furthermore,when used at HDP-inducing concentrations,these compounds showed no obvious direct antibacterial activity,but significantly augmented the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 macrophages(P<0.05)against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions:Our results indicate that these newly-identified natural HDP-inducing compounds have the potential to be developed as novel alternatives to antibiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases in livestock production.

A Panel Granger Causality Test of Investment in ICT Capital and Economic Growth： Evidence From Developed and Developing Countries

This paper applies the Pairwise Panel Granger Causality test to examine the relationship between ICT （information and communication technology） expenditure and the rate of growth of GDP （gross domestic product） per capita. This is accomplished by using cross-country time-series data for a total of 70 developed and developing countries for the period from 2003 to 2008. The study reveals that the existence of causality and its direction differ across different income-group of countries and over the number of lags included. ICT investment expenditure as a percentage of GDP appears to cause the rate of growth of GDP per capita for the high income group and all income groups combined with lags higher than one year. However, for the upper- and lower-middle income groups, the study detects causality in neither direction. Also, when only one lag is included, the study suggests no causality in either direction for any of the income-groups of countries.

高等教育强国建设的中国道路

高等教育强国建设是科技强国建设的基础性保障,是人才强国建设的关键性支撑,对中国式现代化建设具有突出的战略意义。推进高等教育强国高质量建设需要厘清中国式现代化引领高等教育强国建设的逻辑谱系,探明符合中国国情与现代化共同特征的强国建设路径;梳理高等教育强国建设的发展机理,增强高等教育强国建设的使命感和紧迫感;深化高等教育改革,回应新时代高等教育强国建设对新质生产力的迫切需要;明晰高水平科技自立自强支撑高等教育强国建设的核心要义,实现科技创新层级与能级的双跃升;以“两个大局”的时代理念作为高等教育高质量发展的时空坐标,厘清高等教育强国建设的行动逻辑。此外,在高等教育强国建设的关键阶段,我国必须以教育评价改革为抓手,破除制约高等教育强国建设的障碍,进而推动高等教育体系实现结构性变革、系统性重塑。

新发展阶段提升我国新质生产力的创新战略

当前,我国面临构建以我为主、自主可控产业链的新命题,“新质生产力”概念的适时提出为回答上述命题提供了关键有力的指引。从技术、要素和结构三个维度识别新质生产力的特征,认为提升新质生产力的关键在于破解传统发展路径下形成的“二元创新结构”。立足于我国逐渐积累的“新型大国优势”,提升新质生产力的基本思路在于强化“大国供需匹配机制”“人力资本偏向型创新机制”“体制型部门与产业部门融合机制”及“产业结构转换驱动要素配置机制”,进一步可分解为不同层面的创新路径选择:一是纠偏产业政策功能目标从“产能复制型扩张”转向“产业创新体系建设”;二是加快破除体制型创新部门融入产业链的“二元”体制;三是推进新兴产业与传统产业有序融合;四是以本地化创新集群强化区际技术优势互补;五是加快形成互动平衡的国内外一体化创新网络。

以新质生产力引领农业强国建设:内在要求与实现路径

加快推进我国由农业大国向农业强国转变,是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的题中应有之义。新质生产力作为先进生产力,能够从人才、技术、装备、管理等各方面革新农业发展的要素基础,推动农业强国建设取得实质性进展。以新质生产力引领农业强国建设要以推动农业科技创新为核心,以推动农业产业创新为重点,以推动农业经营体制创新为难点,以绿色可持续为原则,以夯实粮食安全根基为底线。为此,要加大农业创新资源投入,推动政产学研深度融合;做好新型职业农民培育工作,充分发挥农民创造性;持续完善政策支持体系,加快培育新型农业经营主体;从绿色生产到绿色消费,全过程推进农业绿色转型;深入贯彻落实“大食物观”,构建新型食物供给体系。

新质生产力视域下高等教育强国建设的实践路向——基于64个国家的比较分析

探究新质生产力视域下高等教育强国建设的实践路向,对于推进高等教育高质量发展,提升国际竞争力具有重要意义。研究基于新质生产力视角,以64个国家为样本,构建出高等教育强国建设的分析框架,提炼出入学与人才培养能力、科研与学科建设能力、知识与技术创新能力、全球影响力4个条件变量,并运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fs QCA),探索条件变量之间的“多向互动”以及不同条件组合对高等教育强国建设产生的“联合效应”。研究发现,单一条件无法单独构成高等教育强国建设的必要条件;高等教育强国高水平建设路径有两条,分别是高等教育人才培养与科研学科建设的内生发展型、知识与技术创新赋能高等教育全球影响力的外生驱动型。为加快推进高等教育强国建设,应突破单一要素攻关,发挥多要素间的耦合协同,共同推进高等教育强国建设;立足人才培养与科研学科建设,释放高等教育强国建设的内生动力,提升服务新质生产力的能力;聚焦知识技术创新与全球影响力,激活高等教育强国建设的外源动力,培育发展新质生产力的新动能。

中国农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放测算及异质性分析——来自“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)的证据

采用环境拓展投入产出法测算了2007—2021年中国对“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)农产品出口贸易的隐含碳排放,进而运用LMDI模型探究贸易规模因素、出口结构因素和农业技术因素对隐含碳排放变动的贡献值与贡献率,从农产品部门和贸易区域两个层面对隐含碳排放变动的驱动因素进行异质性分析。研究发现:第一,2007—2021年中国对“一带一路”沿线国家(地区)的出口贸易隐含碳排放整体呈上升趋势,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放年均增长率超过农产品出口贸易额年均增长率2.75%,隐含碳排放效率下降。第二,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放存在明显的部门差异,因不合理的出口结构,农业、食品制造业和食品加工业等中高度碳排放密集型部门对隐含碳排放总量变动的贡献值占比较大,而林业、畜牧业等低度碳排放密集型部门的这一占比较小。第三,农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放存在明显的区域差异,对东南亚国家(地区)出口农产品产生的隐含碳排放占总碳排放的60%以上,贸易规模因素和农业技术因素是造成区域差异的主导因素。上述发现揭示了中国农产品出口贸易隐含碳排放变动的原因,为优化农产品出口结构、调整农产品出口贸易策略及碳排放双控制度的实施提供了新的思路与经验证据。

新质生产力赋能教育强国建设:底层逻辑与发展路向

生产力是人类文明进步的根本力量,生产力的每一次跃迁在推动社会发展的同时也促进了教育的变革与创新。数智时代,新质生产力以高科技、高效能、高质量的特征正在重塑教育生态,与教育强国构成了双向互促关系。从“教育大国”转变为“教育强国”是一个复杂而系统的过程,文章以复杂性科学的“协同学”和“耗散结构论”为理论基础,从教育要素、教育结构、教育生态三个层面阐释了新质生产力赋能教育强国建设的底层逻辑,分别是:新质生产力催化教育系统内外要素协同融合;新质生产力促使教育结构从混沌走向有序;新质生产力激活教育生态涌现式创新。在此基础上,从“公平、质量、效率、普惠、绿色、可持续”六个维度提出新质生产力赋能教育强国建设的发展路向,包括弥合教育发展差距,促进教育全程公平;激发教育创新活力,培育教育优质发展;提升全要素生产率,夯实教育强国基石;引领终身学习浪潮,助力学习型大国建设;增强绿色教育意识,培塑强国新质人才;推进教育生态重塑,驱动教育可持续发展。

文化感知差异对中国对外直接投资的影响

基于House教授GLOBE项目的数据,重新构建了文化差异衡量指数,并实证考察了文化差异对中国对外直接投资的影响,结果显示:中国感知的文化差异与中国的对外直接投资之间存在着“U”型关系,而东道国感知的文化差异对中国对外直接投资的影响并不显著。经过多种稳健性检验和内生性处理后仍然支持了这一结论。机制检验发现,文化差异主要通过增加交易成本和降低双边投资合作信任度对中国对外直接投资产生影响。异质性分析发现,中国感知的文化差异对中国对外直接投资的影响主要存在于发达国家和产业结构合理性更高的国家,而在东道国文化感知差异较大的国家,文化差异对中国对外直接投资的影响更大。因此,应当重视对外直接投资中的文化差异问题,积极推动文化交流互鉴,增强高层互访,提升投资信任度,因地制宜发掘产业转移和结构调整新机遇。

Evolving market-shaping strategies to boost access to essential medical products in developing countries with HIV self-testing as a case study

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequities among countries in the Global South with limited access to essential medical products,leading to a higher infection and mortality rate,especially among vulnerable populations.Despite tremendous progress in global health financing,the estimated annual financing gap in developing countries is projected to reach US$371 billion per year by 2030.Therefore,developing market-shaping strategies is of great importance in ensuring adequate supply,affordable prices,and equitable access to essential medical products in low-and middle-income countries.We propose a strategic and appropriate market-shaping intervention framework for governments,international organizations,and NGOs to maximize access to essential medical products in developing countries.In the health field,we believe that market shaping strategy could be defined as a set of purposeful activities that market forces may intervene with to advance the development,production,supply,and distribution of global goods for health,making essential medical products more affordable,accessible,innovative,sustainable and quality assured.We argue that when designing a market-shaping strategy,policy or decisionmakers must take full advantage of the key drivers to keep the market dynamic,interactive,and constantly evolving to meet the unmet medical needs.In addition,different forms of market-shaping interventions are determined by objectives and specific issues to be addressed.More comprehensive market shaping strategies,including the strategic use of market expansion,market disruption,market maintenance,and market contraction alone or together,deserve to be explored and key stakeholders are also expected to join forces to make the intervention more efficient and productive.

体验视角下博物馆文旅空间生产机制研究——基于博物馆游记文本的探索性分析

在博物馆行业转型与服务创新的现实背景下,对博物馆文旅空间的层次结构与生产机制进行创新探讨有利于场馆优化服务理念、创新服务模式,从而助力文化和旅游深度融合与高质量发展目标的实现。根据列斐伏尔社会空间观的逻辑依循,体验视角下的博物馆文旅空间包括文化生境、展示空间、体验空间与精神空间四个维度,四者共同形塑的空间生产机制包括文化生境投射、场馆空间互构和个体空间对话三个环节。通过对全国20家博物馆相关游记文本的探索性分析发现:场馆所在的原生文化语境以意象凝缩、线索建构与情感注入的方式完成向其他空间维度的指向性投射;展示空间、体验空间与情感空间三重维度之间以象征表意系统为纽带形成内驱接续传动的空间生成过程;其间,游客以空间对话的形式建构空间体验,扩展空间内容与价值;区域品牌打造、文化认同培塑、异质文化体验以及理想价值寄托则是博物馆文旅空间生产的主要动因。

发达国家如何推进大学发展新质生产力

新质生产力是国家竞争力的重要展示,反映了一个国家的核心科技创新能力,代表了一个国家的产业结构状况和产业发展水平,体现了一个国家对资源的配置能力。发达国家一方面通过制定前瞻性的战略规划与科技政策,占领价值链高端环节,在新质生产力发展上超前布局;另一方面通过建立基础和前沿研究的长效支撑和激励机制引领新质生产力发展,不断完善科研成果转化和科研合作机制,推动大学开展应用型科研。他山之石,可以攻玉,发达国家在推动大学发展新质生产力方面的有益经验,值得我国大学学习借鉴。

中国与G7国家高技术产品贸易格局及影响因素分析

中美两国博弈愈演愈烈,美国在G7峰会上主张一致对抗中国.中国与西方国家未来在科技领域的合作不容乐观.利用联合国商品贸易数据库贸易数据,结合出口相似度指数对G7国家与中国的高技术产品贸易发展趋势展开研究.研究发现:(1)中国与G7国家的高技术产品出口结构特点致使各国都需要通过进口来弥补各自高技术短板领域的不足.(2)中国的高技术产品比较优势较G7国家而言处于弱势.(3)国家经济规模、外国对中国的直接投资、地理距离等因素对高技术产品贸易产生重要影响.