Clinical Observation of the Hot and Humid Compress Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Type of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Background: Although a number of studies have reported that the hot and humid compress from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, clinical evidence is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the traditional Chinese hot and humid compress in the treatment of LDH with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods: From October 2021 to November 2023, 86 patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis type were recruited in our hospital and divided into a control (n = 43) and an observation group (n = 43) according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine clinical treatment, and the observation group was treated with the hot and humid compress therapy for two weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, TCM syndrome score, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. Results: After treatment, the VAS score, TCM symptom score, and serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels decreased in both groups (P P P P P Conclusions: The hot and humid compress of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve pain, restore lumbar function, improve TCM syndromes, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and have a curative effect in treating LDH.

Air/CO2 cooling garment: Description and benefits of use for subjects exposed to a hot and humid climate during physical activities

The severity of the hot and humid conditions to which miners are exposed increases as the depth of the work site increases.This can cause heat stress that can greatly affect the health and safety of workers.To resolve this,a cooling garment has been developed that uses an atmospheric discharge of liquid CO2 to create a cool microclimate with an average temperature of 12.5(±0.4)℃ beneath the garment.To evaluate the garment's cooling efficiency,19 male subjects participated in an experimental procedure.The two modes,cooling on and off,were compared.Significant physiological differences were found between the two modes after minute 27(p<0.05)until the end of the recovery phase for the heart rate(maximum difference of 10 beats per minute)and the internal body temperature(maximum difference of 0.33℃).It was found that the modes also affected the subjects'perceptions.The ON-mode was associated with better well-being and thermal comfort,and reduced humidity sensation.Perceptions of exertion were lower in the ON-mode condition from minute 2.The findings provide strong evidence of the ability of this cooling garment to reduce heat stress in hot and humid conditions similar to those encountered in deep mines.

Quantitative Analysis of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Hot and Humid Summertime of Shenzhen, China

Outdoor thermal comfort has always been a major issue due to its irreplaceable role in maintaining good health and energy use. Thus,quantitative analysis of outdoor thermal comfort and discussions on influential factors seem very necessary to achieve the climate-conscious urban design. Therefore,an outdoor thermal comfort questionnaire survey and the simultaneous field measurement were conducted in six different places during the hot and humid summertime in Shenzhen. The results show that the overall weather conditions during the investigation can be expressed with high temperature and high humidity with strong solar radiation. The micro-meteorological parameters of six test sites vary greatly due to their different regional spatial layouts.Moderate range of air temperature( Ta) is between 28 to 30 ℃ while that of relative humidity( RH) mainly concentrates in 60%-70% with the thermal sensation votes. The main influential factors impacting outdoor thermal comfort are obtained and Tahas the greatest effect. The overall thermal comfortable ranges in Shenzhen are expressed by the range of 28. 14-32. 83 ℃ of PET and 24. 74-30. 45 ℃ of SET*. With the correlation analysis between the characteristic parameters of regional spatial layout and thermal climate and thermal comfort,it reveals that increasing the coverage ratio of water and green space( S) helps lower Taand increase RH. The global solar radiation( G) has a significant negative correlation with the height of buildings( H) and a positive correlation with sky view factor( SVF). Overall,reasonable configuration of the regional spatial layout contributes to providing a thermal comfortable environment.

Effect of hot-humid exposure on static strength of adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys

The effect of hot-humid exposure(i.e., 40 C and 98% R.H.) on the quasi-static strength of the adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys was studied. Test results show that the hot-humid exposure leads to the significant decrease in the joint strength and the change of the failure mode from a mixed cohesive and adhesive failure with cohesive failure being dominant to adhesive failure being dominant. Careful analyses of the results reveal that the physical bond is likely responsible for the bond adhesion between L adhesive and aluminum substrates. The reduction in joint strength and the change of the failure mode resulted from the degradation in bond adhesion, which was primarily attributed to the corrosion of aluminum substrate. In addition, the elevated temperature exposure significantly accelerated the corrosion reaction of aluminum, which accelerated the degradation in joint strength.

Effect of acclimation training on physiological changes in a randomized controlled trial in hot-humid environment

Objective This study was aimed to explore the physiological changes and the effect of heat acclimation training via a randomized control trial study.Methods Forty healthy male volunteers were chosen and divided into experimental group and control group randomly.Those in experimental group received heat acclimation training including but not limited to meditation,unarmed run,yoga,and stepping in hot lab environment.And then,subjective feeling,rectal temperature,average skin temperature,and sweat electrolytes concentration were detected in order to describe their physiological changes.Before and after the training,both groups received some tests and their 3 000 m run-race time,nervous reaction time and subjective perception scores were recorded to evaluate the effect of acclimation training.Results(1) There was no difference in 3 000 m between the 2 groups in the same environment.Subjects' 3 000 m race time in experimental group was obviously shortened than that in control group in room temperature environment(t=2.326,P<0.05).And subjects' 3 000 m race time in experimental group was obviously shortened than that in control group in hot-humid environment(t=4.518,P<0.01).(2) Subjects' reaction time(RT) in experimental group was shortened than that in control group in room temperature environment(Z=11.258,P<0.05).And Subjects' RT in experimental group was sharply shortened than that in control group in hot-humid environment(Z=6.519,P<0.01).(3) No difference between the experimental and control groups was observed in subjective perception score(SPS) in room temperature environment.But subjects' SPS in experimental group was obviously lowered than that in control group and in hot-humid environment(t=17.958,P<0.01).(4)Anal temperature(AT) was lowered during training,while the change of mean skin temperature(MST) was not significant.Sweat sodium concentration(SSC) was lowered during training.SPS continued to decrease and entered plateau on the 13 th day after training.(5) After acclimation training,the working capacity of the experimental group in hot-humid environment was over 85%of that in room temperature environment.While subjects' working capacity in control group in hot-humid environment was about 80%of that in room temperature environment.Conclusion Hot-humid environment acclimation training improved the working capacity.After training,subjects' working capacity in hot-humid environment remained over 85%of that in room temperature environment,which was higher than that of those subjects who did not take part in training.

Application of natural ventilation of residential buildings in hot-humid regions

The current ventilation condition of the hot and humid regions was analyzed through on-site investigation. It is found that residents in this region expect to improve indoor thermal environment through natural ventilation as much as possible. Then,it comes to a conclusion by the field test that natural ventilation has certain practical effect on improving indoor thermal environment. CFD simulation software is employed to verify the test result. Based on PMV modified model,and according to norms,geography and climate combined with the measured and simulated results,the application of the time and effectiveness of natural ventilation in hot and humid region were analyzed,to some extent,providing a basis for reducing the air-conditioner's runtime with natural ventilation.

MASS FLOW RATE INDUCED BY COMBINED ROOF SOLAR COLLECTOR AND VERTICAL STACK IN A HOT HUMID CLIMATE

This paper presents the investigation of solar induced ventilation that utilizes roof solar collector and vertical stack. Three prototypes, namely A, B and C, were developed based on preliminary experimental work. They were then used in simulation study with the objective of determining the prototype that was able to induce the highest mass flow rate. The validation of simulation modelling against experiment indicated a good agreement between these two results. The findings showed that prototype A induced the highest mass flow rate. However, prototype C, which had obstructions at the stack outlets, was more appropriate for application in Malaysia due to various prevailing wind directions. In addition, the findings also indicated that besides solar radiation, the mass flow rate induced by the prototypes was also influenced by the local wind direction, the inlet and outlet positions as well as the outlet design. In summary, the findings highlighted the potential application of the proposed solar induced ventilation in a hot and humid climate.

温湿耦合循环对SBS改性沥青胶浆的性能影响

为探究SBS改性沥青胶浆在自然环境中受到温度和湿度共同作用下的性能变化,模拟温湿耦合循环环境进行室内试验。在不同温度区间的循环条件下,采用锥入度试验、软化点试验、延度试验、布氏旋转黏度试验和双边缺口拉伸试验评价SBS改性沥青胶浆的宏观性能变化;结合红外光谱测试,从化学成分角度探究其性能变化机理。研究结果表明:随着温湿耦合循环次数增加,SBS改性沥青胶浆出现变硬、变脆等老化现象,其宏观性能发生衰退;在相同试验条件下,温度区间的温差越大,对胶浆性能的影响越大;在温湿耦合循环后,SBS改性沥青胶浆的亚砜基指数增大,丁二烯指数下降。

夏热冬冷地区住宅浴室热湿环境与洗浴行为研究

对上海地区住宅浴室热湿环境进行了实地测量,分析了浴室热湿环境特征,并通过网络问卷调研了典型人群的洗浴行为。结果表明:浴室热湿环境受洗浴行为影响明显,淋浴开始后空气温度迅速升高,相对湿度接近饱和状态,淋浴结束后相对湿度需要较长时间才能恢复至初始状态,与常规居家场景相比,洗浴过程中的浴室热湿环境偏离常规热舒适区;夏热冬冷地区居民洗浴行为受季节影响明显,淋浴水温冬季偏暖(43.3℃左右)、夏季偏凉(一般36~40℃);洗浴频次以1天1次或2天1次为主;洗浴时长夏季多为5~10 min、冬季多为10~20 min。本文还探讨了浴室环境改善措施和浴室热舒适的特殊性。

基于街区小气候环境冬夏协同优化的城市绿地生态网络精准修复

越来越多城市绿地生态网络建设进入存量更新和结构性优化并存发展的阶段,生态安全优先基础上如何进一步提升城市绿地生态网络的多种生态系统服务功能是当前风景园林实践研究的重要议题。应对全球气候变化、极端天气多发导致的人居环境宜居性下降问题,目前基于气候适应的城市绿地生态网络规划关注促进自然通风以缓解夏季热岛效应,尚忽视了其冬季可能带来的负效应。从气候调节视角切入,探讨城市绿地生态网络在协同冬夏季小气候环境中的低效空间识别与精准修复技术方法。以江苏省昆山市密集城区的189个街区单元为研究对象,通过遥感反演的方法对其冬、夏季小气候环境进行分析,聚类获得7类小气候特征街区。之后,叠加现状绿地生态网络与计算流体力学模拟风环境结果,提取现状适于通风的生态廊道,从宽度、方向、类型等方面分析其潜在通风效能,耦合街区冬夏小气候环境特征,识别研判现状绿地生态网络在冬夏温湿环境调节上存在的低效问题,并提出冬夏协同的精准修复策略,为优化人居环境宜居性、提升城市绿地生态网络生态系统服务综合效能提供技术参考。

热湿气候下蒸发冷却式冷凝器系统的节能特性对比研究

为评估和提高蒸发冷却式冷凝器系统(MVC-EC)在热湿气候条件下的应用潜力,提出了一种结构优化的两级蒸发冷却式双冷凝器系统(MVC-TSEC),并基于详细的能耗分析模型进行了性能对比研究。首先,建立了各系统中所有组件的分布式参数模型,并进行了实验数据验证。其次,分析了室外空气温度和相对湿度及房间显冷负荷对2种系统COP和节能率的影响。最后,评估了2种系统在典型热湿城市的节能潜力。结果显示:相较于MVC-EC系统,MVC-TSEC系统在高温、中高湿度和高负荷工况下具有更好的节能优势,节能率约提高4.3%~10.9%,并且可提高制冷剂系统适应温度约0.8~1.9℃;在广州市和长沙市夏季6—8月,MVC-TSEC系统的节能率分别为12.7%和21.1%,高于MVC-EC系统(8.5%和14.9%)。

持续湿热暴露下人体认知表现的响应规律分析

近年来不断加剧的全球变暖引起热浪频发,带来了持续的高温高湿天气,由此导致的人体认知能力受损的问题越来越受到社会关注。为了探索湿热暴露下人体认知表现响应规律,在温度分别为32、35、38、41℃,相对湿度为70%的湿热环境暴露下进行了5种持续认知测试,期间观察了14名男性受试者的认知测试结果(平均反应时间和平均正确率)随环境温度的变化特征。暴露期间认知测试不间断,直到受试者拒绝继续试验。结果表明:受试者处理认知任务的平均反应时间随环境温度升高而增加,平均正确率随环境温度升高而降低;在暴露时间内,平均反应时间在前3段测试中依次增加,然后在第4、5段测试中减少;而平均正确率在前3段测试中持续降低,在第4、5段测试中快速升高;此外,观察到相对认知表现随环境温度升高而降低,但环境温度高于35℃后降低速率减缓;相对认知表现在暴露时间内呈近似U形分布,且环境温度越高,U形曲线最低点对应的时间越靠前。该研究为湿热环境下认知能力的评估提供了一种潜在的解决方案。

塔里木盆地西南部晚白垩世——早古新世沉积环境演化:来自皮山PBX1井的地化证据

【研究目的】白垩纪与古近纪之交发生过地质历史上重大的灾变和异常事件,致使K/Pg界线成为全球最重要的地质界线之一。通过对塔里木盆地晚白垩世—早古新世沉积环境的研究,有助于重建特提斯北部盆地群塔里木盆地的古环境。【研究方法】本文通过塔里木盆地西南部PBX1井岩心的地球化学元素敏感指标研究K/Pg上下环境的变化。【研究结果】晚白垩世晚期古气候属于干热型,早古新世呈现短暂温湿型。古盐度由晚白垩世正常海洋环境向早古新世半咸水、海陆过渡盐湖环境转换,K/Pg界线位置处,古盐度达到最低值。氧化-还原环境由晚白垩世富氧→贫氧的弱氧化-弱还原环境经历了K/Pg事件之后短暂向早古新世富氧环境转化,而后整体上由贫氧的弱氧化-弱还原环境向极贫氧的还原环境演化。【结论】PBX1井地球化学元素敏感指标揭示了中生代—新生代之交灾变异常事件在塔里木盆地响应特征,也是特提斯洋北部盆地群晚白垩世—早古新世沉积环境演化的有效证据。

高温高湿环境下运动员身体机能变化的研究进展

高温天气是运动训练、比赛中的一种特殊环境,可使运动员的体能消耗加剧、运动表现变差。高温通常伴随着较高湿度,湿度升高会进一步阻碍热量散失。近年来对高温环境下身体机能变化的研究主要集中在热应激和热适应中能量代谢及体温调节上。该文就高温环境对运动表现及身体机能生理生化影响方面进行综述,旨在为运动员在高温环境下训练和比赛对运动能力发挥提供理论指导与措施。

热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在模拟湿热海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

目的 为详细研究热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在模拟湿热海洋大气下的腐蚀行为及作用机理,同时为热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在湿热海洋大气环境中服役提供数据参考。方法 采用腐蚀失重、XRD、SEM、电化学等测试方法对热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在模拟湿热海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果 腐蚀产物主要由Zn_(5)(OH)_(8)Cl_(2)·H_(2)O组成,腐蚀一段时间后,发现少量ZnO、Zn_(5)(OH)_(6)CO_(3),腐蚀产物具有与锌腐蚀类似的层状结构,1 848 h呈“三明治”型,相比于上下两层暗色物质,中层亮色腐蚀产物富集更多的Cl元素。热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层腐蚀速率大体随时间延长呈上升趋势,只在672~840 h腐蚀速率下降,对比镀锌在模拟环境和锌在湿热大气环境中的腐蚀,热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在模拟湿热海洋大气中表现出较好的耐蚀性。结论热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在模拟湿热海洋大气下腐蚀产物演变与腐蚀过程中Mg的参与有关。腐蚀672~840h阶段腐蚀速率下降的原因与腐蚀产物中ZnO的减少和Zn_(5)(OH)_(8)Cl_(2)·H_(2)O占比增加有关。对比镀锌在模拟环境和锌在湿热大气环境中的腐蚀,预测热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg镀层在严酷湿热海洋大气中仍具有较高的耐蚀性,可以优先考虑作为湿热海洋环境的建设用材。

环境温度对可降解聚酯薄膜湿热老化的影响

可降解聚酯薄膜的耐久性影响其设计与应用,但普通环境下耐湿热老化薄膜的开发周期较长,需要加速湿热老化以降低开发成本,但环境温度对湿热老化速率的具体关系尚不明晰。本工作研究了温度对可降解聚酯薄膜湿热降解过程的具体影响,发现同样的温度梯度区间内聚酯薄膜的韧性失效时间趋于倍数增加,而薄膜的拉伸强度变化没有明显规律,以韧性失效作为终止点,使用阿伦尼乌斯模型对温度与韧性失效时间进行拟合。得到聚乳酸的活化能为84.4 kJ/mol,聚乳酸/聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯的活化能为144.88 kJ/mol。在77与70℃下对拟合结果进行了复验与预测,总体上能成功预测薄膜的失效时间。本工作指出耐湿热老化薄膜开发的敏感性能指标(断裂伸长率、二次升温热焓等),同时为抗湿热老化可降解聚酯薄膜开发中加速湿热老化的应用提供一定的理论基础。

基于CFD的冬季房舍式牛舍湿热环境模拟及优化

为研究北方寒地房舍式牛舍风速场、温度场和相对湿度场的分布规律,应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对冬季河北省承德市的房舍式牛舍的风速场、温度场和相对湿度场进行三维数值模拟。结果表明:南北相对的两个通风口在自然通风模式下,过道处风速在0.5~1.60 m/s之间,牛只活动区域风速基本保持在0~0.4 m/s之间,大部分区域风速在0.1 m/s以下,舍内气流分布不均匀。牛舍内的平均温度在10.7℃左右,牛只活动区域的相对湿度基本保持在50%~60%之间。在牛舍既有结构不变的情况下对牛舍通风口的位置和数量进行改进,优化通风方案后牛舍内风速在0.1~0.6 m/s之间,基本没有通风死角。实测值与模拟值的归一化均方误差(NMSE)值小于0.25,说明现场实测与数值模拟有较好的吻合度,能够为中国北方寒地房舍式牛舍环境情况评估和通风方案优化提供有益参考。

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS法的极端热湿气候区溶液再生器运行优化研究

再生器是溶液除湿系统中的关键部件之一,提高再生器综合性能是解决极端热湿气候区高湿问题的有效手段。将指标相关法(CRITIC,Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation)和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS,Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)联合,建立CRITIC-TOPSIS模型,用于再生器运行入口参数(空气质量流量、溶液质量流量、温度)的选择评价。以永暑岛礁地区为例,通过再生器处理模型得到基础数据以及4个指标的评价体系,采用CRITIC法求得权重后使用TOPSIS法对220种运行入口参数的组合方案进行评价得到最优解。结果表明,空气质量流量为0.1 kg/s、溶液质量流量为0.3 kg/s、溶液温度为56℃时得分0.885,为永暑地区再生器综合性能最优解;再生量指标的权重为0.4,可作为永暑地区再生器综合性能的代表性指标。

湿热老化下车用尼龙管的力学性能

为了提高车用尼龙(PA)管的耐老化性能,本文对湿热老化下具有不同宏观层间结构及微观聚合物结构的PA管的力学性能和老化机理进行了研究。在工业生产平台上制备了PA11、PA12、PA12-聚氟乙烯(ETFE)和PA12-PA黏结剂(TIE)-乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)-TIE-PA612共4种试样,对PA试样进行6种温湿度工况下的老化处理,结合扫描电镜(SEM)图给出了试样的拉伸性能和冲击性能的变化规律和机理。结果表明,PA12管拉伸性能良好但冲击性能较差,断裂形式为韧性断裂;PA11管拉伸性能差但冲击性能好,断裂形式为脆性断裂;PA管力学性能随老化温度、湿度和老化时间增加而降低,且拉伸性能对湿度变化更敏感;随着温度湿度的升高和老化处理时间的延长,PA管的冲击功整体呈下降趋势;PA12-TIE-EVOH-TIE-PA612管在相同湿热老化下抗冲击性退化最不明显;PA12经240 h湿热老化后的断裂面光滑度明显下降;在4种PA管中,PA12和PA12-TIE-EVOH-TIE-PA612具有优良的力学性能和耐老化性能。本文可为车用PA管的材料和结构设计提供一定指导。

湿热环境对复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响规律及其机理

层间断裂韧性是表征复合材料抗层间分层扩展能力的主要指标,湿热环境是飞机复合材料结构面临的主要严酷环境,研究湿热环境下的层间断裂韧性在航空领域具有重要意义。通过不同湿热环境条件下的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性实验,分析其微观结构,获取湿热环境对树脂基复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响规律和湿热环境对层间断裂韧性的影响机制。结果表明:湿热环境会对树脂基复合材料Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性产生截然相反的影响,随着温度上升,树脂基复合材料层压板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性呈上升趋势,而Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性呈下降趋势;Ⅰ型分层时会出现大量纤维桥联现象,湿热环境下树脂发生软化,纤维桥联现象增多,导致Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性随温度升高而增大;湿热环境下随着温度的升高,树脂的剪切强度会逐渐降低,树脂与纤维的界面剪切强度也会逐渐降低,导致Ⅱ型层间断裂韧性随温度升高而降低。