通过成结模拟器研究n^(+)-n^(-)-p碲镉汞高温探测器

第三代红外探测器发展的一个重要方向是高工作温度探测器。对于碲镉汞n-on-p探测器而言,n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构以及良好的钝化工艺能够有效的抑制暗电流的产生,从而在高工作温度条件下获得较好的探测器性能。基于自行开发的成结模拟器,对n^(+)-n^(-)-p结构地高温器件进行了工艺仿真和器件仿真,获得成结过程的制备参数,并结合抑制表面漏电的组分梯度钝化工艺,将高工作温度下的暗电流抑制至理论极限,研制出可以在更高温度工作下的碲镉汞n-on-p红外焦平面探测器。经测试,中波n-on-p红外焦平面器件在不同工作温度下性能优异,在80 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)达到了6.1 mK,有效像元率为99.96%;而在150 K工作温度下噪声等效温差(NETD)为11.0 mK,有效像元率为99.50%,达到了同类器件的理论极限。

200 N推力装置上肼类分解催化剂的应用性能

研究制备了一种单组元姿轨控发动机用肼类分解催化剂,采用200 N推力装置对其应用性能进行了研究和考察。在催化剂物化性能指标满足应用要求的基础上,利用200 N推力装置通过力学环境试验考察了催化剂力学环境适应性,通过双-10℃低温冷启动、低温稳态及脉冲、正负拉偏以及脉冲寿命热试考核程序考察了自制催化剂的低温冷启动性能、低温稳态性能、常温正负拉偏稳态性能以及脉冲寿命性能。结果表明:该催化剂肼催化分解效率在99%以上,机械强度高且力学环境适应性良好,具有较高的肼催化分解活性和稳定性,能够在200 N推力装置上于双-10℃正常启动,顺利完成了低温稳态、常温正负拉偏和脉冲寿命等考核程序,发动机室压平稳,响应特性良好,脉冲一致性好,可满足推力装置的使用要求。

Influence of rare earth Ce on hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The hot deformation behavior of Mn18Cr18N and Mn18Cr18N+Ce high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels at 1173-1473 K and 0.01-1 s^(-1) were investigated by thermal compression tests.The influence mechanism of Ce on the hot deformation behavior was analyzed by Ce-containing inclusions and segregation of Ce.The results show that after the addition of Ce,large,angular,hard,and brittle inclusions(TiN-Al_(2)O_(3),TiN,and Al_(2)O_(3)) can be modified to fine and dispersed Ce-containing inclusions(Ce-Al-O-S and TiN-Ce-Al-O-S).During the solidification,Ce-containing inclusions can be used as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine as-cast grains.During the hot deformation,Ce-containing inclusions can pin dislocation movement and grain boundary migration,induce dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleation,and avoid the formation and propagation of micro cracks and gaps.In addition,during the solidification,Ce atoms enrich at the front of solid-li-quid interface,resulting in composition supercooling and refining the secondary dendrites.Similarly,during the hot deformation,Ce atoms tend to segregate at the boundaries of DRX grains,inhibiting the growth of grains.Under the synergistic effect of Ce-containing inclusions and Ce segregation,although the hot deformation resistance and hot deformation activation energy are improved,DRX is more likely to occur and the size of DRX grains is significantly refined,and the problem of hot deformation cracking can be alleviated.Finally,the microhardness of the samples was measured.The results show that compared with as-cast samples,the microhardness of hot-deformed samples increases signific-antly,and with the increase of DRX degree,the microhardness decreases continuously.In addition,Ce can affect the microhardness of Mn18Cr18N steel by affecting as-cast and hot deformation microstructures.

Gold/monolayer graphitic carbon nitride plasmonic photocatalyst for ultrafast electron transfer in solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion

Gold(Au)plasmonic nanoparticles were grown evenly on monolayer graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4)nanosheets via a facile oil‐bath method.The photocatalytic activity of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites under visible light was evaluated by photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and environmental treatment.All of the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites showed better photocatalytic performance than that of monolayer g‐C3N4 and the 1%Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composite displayed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the samples.The remarkable photocatalytic activity was attributed largely to the successful introduction of Au plasmonic nanoparticles,which led to the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect.The SPR effect enhanced the efficiency of light harvesting and induced an efficient hot electron transfer process.The hot electrons were injected from the Au plasmonic nanoparticles into the conduction band of monolayer g‐C3N4.Thus,the Au/monolayer g‐C3N4 composites possessed higher migration and separation efficiencies and lower recombination probability of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs than those of monolayer g‐C3N4.A photocatalytic mechanism for the composites was also proposed.

Hot workability and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms of pure nickel N6

The hot workability and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanisms of pure nickel N6 were systematically investigated using hot compression tests.Based on hot compression data,the constitutive equation of N6 was developed and its reliability was verified.Its hot processing map was constructed,and combined with microstructural observations,a semi-quantitative response relationship between hot deformation parameters and microstructure was established.The DRX process of N6 is a thermally activated process and particularly sensitive to the strain rate.The optimal hot processing parameters for N6 were determined to be 950−1050℃ and 0.1−1 s^(−1).Furthermore,it was proven that the dominant nucleation mechanism is discontinuous DRX characterized by grain boundary bulging and twins assisting nucleation,while the continuous DRX characterized by subgrains combined with rotation is an inactive nucleation mechanism.

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of As-cast Mn18Cr18N Steel

Hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18 N austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 950-1200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^（-1） using isothermal hot compression tests. The true stress-strain curves of the steel were characterized by hardening and subsequent softening and varied with temperatures and strain rates. The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was calculated to be 657.4 k J/mol, which was higher than that of the corresponding wrought steel due to its as-cast coarse columnar grains and heterogeneous structure. Hot processing maps were developed at different plastic strains, which exhibited two domains with peak power dissipation efficiencies at 1150 ℃/0.001 s^（-1） and 1200 ℃/1 s^（-1）, respectively. The corresponding microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD）. It has been confirmed that dynamic recrystallization（DRX） controlled by dislocation slipping and climbing mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1050-1200 ℃ and 0.001-0.01 s^（-1）; And DRX controlled by twinning mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1100-1200 ℃, 0.1-1 s^（-1）. These two DRX domains can serve as the hot working windows of the as-cast steel at lower strain rates and at higher strain rates, respectively. The processing maps at different strains also exhibit that the instability region decreases with increasing strain. The corresponding microstructures and the less tensile ductility in the instability region imply that the flow instability is attributed to flow localization accelerated by a few layers of very fine recrystallized grains along the original grain boundaries.

Effects of TiB2 Content on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Low-Cobalt Ti（C,N）-TiB2 Cermets Fabricated by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets were fabricated from Ti(C,N), TiB2, Co and WC powder mixtures via a vacuum hot pressing process. The influence of TiB2 content on their microstructures and mechanical properties was investigated. As a result of the elevated TiB2 contents, two types of corerim microstructures were present in the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets, and remarkably improved mechanical properties were achieved. With the increase of TiB2 content, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets first increased, and then decreased, while their relative density consistently decreased. Attributed to an integration of the intergranular and intrangranular fracture behaviors, the Ti(C,N)-TiB2 cermets with 20 wt% TiB2 content exhibited the best overall properties with the relative density, hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength at 99.3%, 1 995 HV, 7.92 MPa·m1/2 and 1 114 MPa, respectively. The underlying mechanism for their enhanced properties was studied in detail.

Effect of hot isostatic pressing nitrogen on the microstructure and properties of a Ti(C,N)-based cermet

The high-temperature, high-pressure hot isostatic pressing technology was used for depositing hard coatings on Ti（C, N）-based cermets. The rnicrostructure and properties of the sample were investigated using optical microscopy, scan- ning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and microhardness tester. The results showed that the rich titanium and nitrogen in surface zone were induced by the heat treatment. The high nitrogen activity of the surface region was the driving force for outward transport of titanium and inward transport of tungsten in the cobalt binder. The toughness and hardness were improved and a hardness gradient was formed. It is the high-temperature, high-pressure N2 that enables closure of holes, thereby alleviating defects and prolonging tool life.

SIMULATION OF HOT FORMING PROCESSION IN Mn18Cr18NSTEEL

In the hot forming of Mn18Cr18N steel, such problems as easy cracking, difficult controlling of forming paramenters often occur. In this paper,the variation rule of the plasticity of the steel, the starting mechanism of micro-crack and its generating characteristics were studied with the combination of thermodynamic simulation test, micro-simulation and FEM, the related data of microstructure change and hot forming parameters were produced. The hot forming process of 600MW generator retaining ring was analyzed as an example.

Hot deformation behavior of medium carbon V-N microalloyed steel

Processing maps for a medium carbon V-N microalloyed steel(designated as VN steel) and a medium carbon V-N bared steel(designated as Non-VN steel) were developed to study the hot deformation behavior and the influence of vanadium and nitrogen, in the temperature range of 750-1 100 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.005-30 s-1. Experimental results show that the processing map for the VN steel exhibits two dynamic recrystallization and three instability domains, while that for the Non-VN steel has one dynamic recrystallization and three instability domains. The instability domains of VN steel are larger than those of the Non-VN steel, and the VN steel is easier to be unstable when being hot deformed at high temperature and high stain rate. The addition and precipitation of vanadium and nitrogen can hinder the dynamic recrystallization. Compared with the Non-VN steel, the VN steel has higher dynamic recrystallization critical strain and the corresponding stress.

Model of hot-carrier induced degradation in ultra-deep sub-micrometer nMOSFET

The degradation produced by hot carrier （HC） in ultra-deep sub-micron n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （nMOSFET） has been analyzed in this paper. The generation of negatively charged interface states is the predominant mechanism for the ultra-deep sub-micron nMOSFET. According to our lifetime model of p-channel MOFET （pMOFET） that was reported in a previous publication, a lifetime prediction model for nMOSFET is presented and the parameters in the model are extracted. For the first time, the lifetime models of nMOFET and pMOSFET are unified. In addition, the model can precisely predict the lifetime of the ultra-deep sub-micron nMOSFET and pMOSFET.

EMF of Hot Charge Carriers Arising at the p-n-Junction under the Influence of the Microwave Field and Light

It is shown that the increase in the current of an asymmetric p-n-junction, caused by perturbation of potential barrier height and increasing recombination current in a strong microwave field, is suppressed by light generated photo carriers, leading to the displacement of current-voltage characteristics of p-n-junction into the direction of smaller current values.

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究

研究了合金组成及其含量、烧结工艺、热等静压等对Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷性能的影响。氮的加入形态、Ｎ／Ｃ、钼、镍、碳对合金性能都有影响。其中，Ｎ／Ｃ比值影响粘结相、硬质相的晶格常数及钼在粘结相和ＳＳ相的溶解量。当ＴｉＮ质量分数增加到２６％或镍质量分数增加到２５％时产生Ｎｉ３Ｍｏ相，缺碳则出现Ｎｉ３Ｔｉ相。真空烧结温度超过１４５０℃，ＴｉＮ分解，造成合金收缩率下降。热等静压处理后，抗弯强度提高了７０％以上，相对密度达到９９６％以上，硬度值（ＨＲＡ）提高了０９～１７。

700-1000℃间含Nb钢铸坯的延塑性降低与Nb(C,N)析出

在1×10-3／s应变速率下对含Nb钢连铸坯试样的高温延塑性进行了测定.在温度降至1100℃以下的变形试样中Nb（C，N）开始由γ晶中析出，1000-950℃之间析出的Nb（C，N）较粗大并在钢中零散分布;温度降至900℃左右时，大量微细的Nb（C，N）在γ晶界和晶粒内析出，尺寸平均为5-8nm，间距在30nm左右，造成了γ相区低温域合Nb钢延塑性的急剧减少;温度降至800℃时，先共折铁素体开始在γ晶界析出，钢的延塑性继续降低.由于含Nb钢试样共折转变的推迟，与不含Nb钢相比，其第Ⅲ脆性温度域向低温延伸.

中波碲镉汞p-on-n高温工作技术研究

针对碲镉汞中波p-on-n技术进行研究,采用二次离子质谱仪分析注入后及退火后As离子在碲镉汞材料中的浓度分布,使用透射电镜表征激活退火后离子注入损伤修复状态,通过半导体参数测试仪评价pn结的IV特性,将探测器芯片装在变温杜瓦中测试其不同温度下的焦平面技术指标。研究结果表明,As离子注入后在碲镉汞体内形成大量缺陷,经过富汞退火后缺陷得到修复,同时As离子进一步向内扩散,制备的pn结工作稳定表明As离子得到有效激活,制备的中波p-on-n探测器芯片在120 K温度下有效像元率可以达到99%以上。

机械合金化+热压制备Laves相NbCr_2合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化+热压工艺路线来制备化学配比成分的单相Laves相NbCr2合金。研究了Cr,Nb元素粉经20h球磨后在1200℃,1250℃和1300℃不同时间热压所获得的Laves相NbCr2合金的组织和性能。结果表明:1250℃×0.5h热压获得的Laves相NbCr2合金组织均匀,晶粒尺寸达到微/纳米级,致密度达到97.1%,室温断裂韧性高于5.07MPa.m1/2。与熔铸工艺制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的断裂韧性1.50MPa.m1/2相比,所制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的室温断裂韧性大大提高,充分实现了细晶韧化的效果。

基于使用可用度的k/N系统(m,N_G)维修策略分析

k/N系统已被广泛应用在现代高科技装备中,对于该类系统,维修一般要等到失效部件达到一定数量之后才进行,(m,NG)维修策略是实际中经常采用的一种维修策略。运用马氏过程,研究了在给定(m,NG)维修策略参数以及维修资源的情况下的k/N系统使用可用度模型,并通过实例分析了初始备件的数量、配备的维修分队数量以及维修策略中m和NG的参数选择对系统使用可用度的影响,为该类系统的维修决策提供支持。

干热河谷优势灌木细根、粗根与叶片养分(C、N、P)含量及化学计量比

分析生态脆弱区植物根系与叶片的养分含量特征,可认识植物生长发育的养分限制状况以及根系与叶片间的协同作用,并确定植物在恶劣环境条件下的适应性及生存策略。本文以典型生态脆弱区——干热河谷常见灌木植物马桑、坡柳和苦刺为研究对象,对其根系和叶片养分含量、化学计量比特征以及相互之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,马桑、坡柳粗根C含量显著高于细根(P<0.05),马桑细根P含量显著高于粗根(P<0.05)。细根、粗根养分含量的不同表明细根与粗根的生理生态功能具有较大差异。马桑和坡柳粗根的C∶N、C∶P均显著高于细根(P<0.05),坡柳细根和粗根的C∶N均显著高于马桑、苦刺(P<0.05)。根据N∶P判断,马桑细根(10.61)、粗根(11.42)生长均受到N的限制;坡柳细根(7.87)、粗根(6.00)生长受N的限制更为严重;苦刺细根(18.43)、粗根(16.34)生长均受P的限制。细根、粗根养分受限一致,表明细根和粗根的养分分配具出一定的协同性。除苦刺C外,灌木C、N、P含量均表现为叶片显著高于细根、粗根(P<0.05),表明叶片具有更高的养分含量。叶片N、P含量表现为苦刺显著高于马桑、坡柳(P<0.05),说明苦刺养分吸收能力更强。三种灌木N∶P均表现为叶片>根系(P<0.05),马桑、坡柳、苦刺叶片N∶P分别为40.05、35.34、45.26,三种灌木叶片的生长均受到P的限制。细根、粗根C含量与叶片无显著相关性,说明根系与叶片的C来源不同。根系N、P含量与叶片均呈显著正相关,说明叶片N、P主要来源于根系吸收的土壤养分,叶片与细根N、P相关性更强。上述结果表明植物体在生长代谢过程中具有整体性,植物的地上与地下营养器官在养分的分配过程中具有协同作用,细根与地上部分的协同作用比粗根强。

Fe含量对钛铁矿原位反应合成Al_2O_3-Ti(C,N)-Fe复合材料的影响

利用钛铁矿通过碳热铝热原位还原反应、采用热压工艺制备了致密的Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Fe复合材料,使钛铁矿两种主体成分Ti和Fe得到充分有效的利用。研究了Fe含量对制备过程、合成产物组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Fe含量的增加降低了碳热反应的温度;随Fe含量的增加,Fe相开始团聚,材料的组织都变得粗大;同时,随Fe含量的增加,Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Fe复合材料的硬度稍有下降,抗弯强度明显降低。

(m,N_G)维修策略下可修系统的使用可用度模型

k/N系统已被广泛应用在现代高科技装备中,对于该类系统,维修一般要等到失效部件达到一定数量之后才进行,(m,NG)维修策略就是实际中采用的一种维修策略,因此初始备件的数量、配备的维修分队数量以及参数m和NG的选取都影响该类系统的使用可用度.本文给出了(m,NG)维修策略下k/N系统的使用可用度模型,通过该模型可以分析系统在不同初始备件和维修能力条件下的最佳维修策略,为该类系统的维修保障提供决策支持.