Architectures in the Shadow of ＂Investors＇ Urban Planning＂--Case Study of Avala Hotel in Budva, Montenegro

Avala Hotel in Budva, Montenegro, has undergone three reconstructions. Each of them led to significant spatial changes. The first hotel established the foundation of urbanization process in Budva, the building was too high compared to the old town walls in the surrounding and thus not well integrated. The second reconstruction was the only successful achievement. At this time, in the first detailed urban plan including hotel and its surrounding area, the conclusion was that it represents ＂high-quality, seaside-favorable ambience＂ that should not be harmed by further building expansion. The last, illegal reconstruction in 2006 resulted in over enlarged new building disrespectful of the surrounding and the previous design. Similarly, the 2008 new detailed urban plan was the creation of ＂investors＇ urban planning＂. Entirely driven by profit, it arranges building reconstructions with multiple enlargements. This study tends to point out contextual impacts of the three hotels on the surrounding area, with special focus on the last reconstruction and ＂investors＇ urban planning＂ phenomena. The applied research method is comparative, chronological analysis of the three hotels. The aim of this research paper is to inspire initiatives that will help overcoming declining and harmful synergy of architecture and new socio-economic phenomena. It is the only way leading to the significant architectural goal： creating refined, harmonized and high quality ambience.

Classification, Gender and Age Differences, and Seasonal Changes in Relation to Patterns of Distribution Curves for Physique and Motor Performance in Preschool-Aged Japanese Children

It is predicted that the distribution on score of children＇s motor performance show abnormal curve, because their physical fitness shows decline and gap between good and poor. The aim of present study is to type pattern of distribution curve on physique and motor performance （PMP） in preschoolers, and to investigate gender difference, and change in season and age on distribution of PMP. Seven hundred and seven preschoolers participate in measurement on 21 items of PMP. And mix-longitudinal data which made from 6 terms （2 seasons of spring and autumn for 3 years） is completed. The histograms of 10 sections are trained for each gender, term, and test item based on range of data including mean ± 3 standard deviation. By cluster analysis and multi-correspondence analysis, ＂physique ＆ jumping＂ show closely normal curve, but ＂manipulation （MP）＂ is skewed to poor and ＂running ＆ prompt （RP）＂ is skewed to good. By Hotelling＇s T2-test and Mahalanobis＇ Distance, gender difference is shown that boys＇ RP is skewed to good, and their ＂throwing＂ and ＂weight ＆ flexibility （WF）＂ are skewed to poor. About season, WF is skewed to poor and RP is skewed to good, in spring. In annual change about pattern of distribution, skewing poor in MP and good in ＂running straight ＆ prompt＂ are changed to normal curve with aging.

Secure and Incidental Distortion Tolerant Digital Signature for Image Authentication

In this paper, a secure and incidental distortion tolerant signature method for image authentication is proposed. The generation of authentication signature is based on Hotelling＇s T-square Statistic （HTS） via Principal Component Analysis （PCA） of block DCT coefficients. HTS values of all blocks construct a unique and stable ＂block-edge image＂, i.e, Structural and Statistical Signature （SSS）. The characteristic of SSS is that it is short, and can tolerate contentpreserving manipulations while keeping sensitive to content-changing attacks, and locate tampering easily. During signature matching, the Fisher criterion is used to obtain optimal threshold for automatically and universally distinguishing incidental manipulations from malicious attacks. Moreover, the security of SSS is achieved by encryption of the DCT coefficients with chaotic sequences before PCA. Experiments show that the novel method is effective for authentication.

On high-dimensional change point problem

New statistics are proposed to estimate and test the structural change when the data dimension is comparable to or larger than the sample size. Consistency of the new statistic in estimating the change point position is established under the alternative hypothesis. The asymptotic distribution of the new statistic in testing the existence of a change point is obtained under the null hypothesis. Some simulation results are presented which show that the numerical performance of our method is satisfactory. The method is illustrated via the analysis of the house price index of US.