Background: Improvement of patient care in any hospital depends primarily on the quality of nursing care. Nursing care is enhanced by the nursing process, which outlines the nursing activities to be provided for a pat...Background: Improvement of patient care in any hospital depends primarily on the quality of nursing care. Nursing care is enhanced by the nursing process, which outlines the nursing activities to be provided for a patient. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional design employing quantitative methods was conducted in Njombe RRH in December 2021. Quantitative data were collected from nurses and midwives from all wards by simple random sampling techniques using a sample-size calculator. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyse data whereby a p-value of 0.05 was considered a decision mark for the significance of the result;Chi-square and Logistic regression respectively were used to find out the association and its strength between variables. Result: Majority of the respondents, 41 (85.4%), had inadequate knowledge and 33 (68.8%) found them people with a negative attitude to the nursing process. Significantly, there is an association between knowledge and clinical utilization (AOR 2.24;95% CI: 1.6 - 2.5;P 0.04), attitude and clinical utilization (AOR 4.32;95% CI: 1.8 - 3.7;P Conclusion: A knowledge gap in relation to the utilization of the nursing process and a negative attitude were noted to be associated significantly with the utilization of the nursing process among nurses and midwives. It is recommended on-job training, supportive supervision, and Value Clarification and Attitude Transformation (VCAT) are the best interventions to address the knowledge gap and negative attitudes respectively.展开更多
In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills,full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices.Nonetheless,a series of problems,in...In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills,full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices.Nonetheless,a series of problems,including insufficient time for practice,low management level,inadequate implementation of the double-supervisor system,and poor results of professional practice,has reduced the effectiveness of professional practice.In view of the aforementioned problems and the characteristics of the discipline,this paper proposes several strategies for improving the effectiveness of professional practice for postgraduates in mineral processing engineering.展开更多
Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed tha...Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.展开更多
This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to en...This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.展开更多
The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work consid...The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.展开更多
Standing on a different view point from Anderson, we prove that the extended Wiener process defined by Anderson satisfies the definition of the Wiener process in standard analysis, for example the Wiener process at ti...Standing on a different view point from Anderson, we prove that the extended Wiener process defined by Anderson satisfies the definition of the Wiener process in standard analysis, for example the Wiener process at time t obeys the normal distribution N(0,t) by showing the central limit theorem. The essential theory used in the proof is the extended convolution property in nonstandard analysis which is shown by Kanagawa, Nishiyama and Tchizawa (2018). When processing the extension by non-standardization, we have already pointed out that it is needed to proceed the second extension for the convolution, not only to do the first extension for the delta function. In Section 2, we shall introduce again the extended convolution as preliminaries described in our previous paper. In Section 3, we shall provide the extended stochastic process using a hyper number N, and it satisfies the conditions being Wiener process. In Section 4, we shall give a new proof for the non-differentiability in the Wiener process.展开更多
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor i...Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.展开更多
The advanced treatment using integrated Fenton's reaction and coagulation process was investigated in this study. Before the advancement, the pharmaceutical wastewater containing lincomycin hydrochloride was pretreat...The advanced treatment using integrated Fenton's reaction and coagulation process was investigated in this study. Before the advancement, the pharmaceutical wastewater containing lincomycin hydrochloride was pretreated by UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge bed) and a SBR (sequencing batch reactor) process. The residual recalcitrant compounds, measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), mainly consisted of alcohols, phenols, and nitrogenous and sulfur compounds. The experimental results indicated that when the Fenton's reaction was conducted at pH=3.0, H2O2CODOcr=0.27, H2O2/Fe^2+=3:1 and 30 min of reaction time, and the coagulation process operated at a sulfate aluminum concentration of 800 mg/L and pH value of 5.0, the color and COD in the wastewater decreased by 94% and 73%, respectively; with a finale COD concentration of 267 mg/L and color level of 40 units, meeting the secondary standard of GB8978-1996 for industrial wastewater.展开更多
In this paper, with the aid of large deviation formulas established in strong topology of functional space generated by HSlder norm, we discuss the functional sample path properties of subsequence's C-R increments fo...In this paper, with the aid of large deviation formulas established in strong topology of functional space generated by HSlder norm, we discuss the functional sample path properties of subsequence's C-R increments for a Wiener process in HSlder norm. The obtained results, generalize the corresponding results of Chen and the classic Strassen's law of iterated logarithm for a Wiener process.展开更多
As nitrobenzene(NB)is structurally stable and difficult to degrade due to the presence of an electron withdrawing group(nitro group).The sequential nanoscale zero valent iron-persulfate(NZVI-Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8))process w...As nitrobenzene(NB)is structurally stable and difficult to degrade due to the presence of an electron withdrawing group(nitro group).The sequential nanoscale zero valent iron-persulfate(NZVI-Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8))process was proposed in this study for the degradation NB-containing wastewater.The results showed that the NB degradation efficiency and the total organic carbon removal efficiency in the sequential NZVINa_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process were 100%and 49.25%,respectively,at a NB concentration of 200 mg L^(-1),a NZVI concentration of 0.75 g L^(-1),a Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)concentration of 26.8 mmol L^(-1),an initial pH of 5,and a reaction time of 30 min,which were higher than those(88.53%and 35.24%,respectively)obtained in the NZVI/Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process.Sulfate radicals(SO_(4)·-)and hydroxyl radicals(·OH)generated in the reaction were identified directly by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and indirectly by radical capture experiments,and it was shown that both SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH played a major role in the sequential NZVI-Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process.The possible pathways involved in the reduction of NB to aniline(AN)and the further oxidative degradation of AN were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.展开更多
Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a diff...Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.展开更多
By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine (P205 and F-) in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) was explored. The res...By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine (P205 and F-) in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) was explored. The results indicated that the early hydration exothermic rate of C3S and C3A was obviously lowered by P205 and F- in phosphorous slag, the second peak occurring time of C3A was delayed by 0.9 h, the exothermal output of C3S was reduced by 25.04% and the time of accelerating stage was postponed by 0.86 h. The early hydration degree of C3S and C3A was also decreased. Due to the influence of P205 and F, more pores and thinner crystals can be observed in the microstructure of hardened paste and the chance of cracks was reduced.展开更多
文摘Background: Improvement of patient care in any hospital depends primarily on the quality of nursing care. Nursing care is enhanced by the nursing process, which outlines the nursing activities to be provided for a patient. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional design employing quantitative methods was conducted in Njombe RRH in December 2021. Quantitative data were collected from nurses and midwives from all wards by simple random sampling techniques using a sample-size calculator. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyse data whereby a p-value of 0.05 was considered a decision mark for the significance of the result;Chi-square and Logistic regression respectively were used to find out the association and its strength between variables. Result: Majority of the respondents, 41 (85.4%), had inadequate knowledge and 33 (68.8%) found them people with a negative attitude to the nursing process. Significantly, there is an association between knowledge and clinical utilization (AOR 2.24;95% CI: 1.6 - 2.5;P 0.04), attitude and clinical utilization (AOR 4.32;95% CI: 1.8 - 3.7;P Conclusion: A knowledge gap in relation to the utilization of the nursing process and a negative attitude were noted to be associated significantly with the utilization of the nursing process among nurses and midwives. It is recommended on-job training, supportive supervision, and Value Clarification and Attitude Transformation (VCAT) are the best interventions to address the knowledge gap and negative attitudes respectively.
基金This work was supported by The Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of CUMTB(YJG202200301)The Yueqi Outstanding Scholar Award of CUMTB and Science and Technology Major Project of Ordos City-Iconic Innovation Team(202204).
文摘In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills,full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices.Nonetheless,a series of problems,including insufficient time for practice,low management level,inadequate implementation of the double-supervisor system,and poor results of professional practice,has reduced the effectiveness of professional practice.In view of the aforementioned problems and the characteristics of the discipline,this paper proposes several strategies for improving the effectiveness of professional practice for postgraduates in mineral processing engineering.
文摘Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.
文摘This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.
基金“Promoting research by writing”:Exploring the code of writing,supported by the Special Fund for basic scientific research of the Central University,Northwestern Polytechnical University(project no.KCJS23WT25).“Research on the construction of the linking-up curriculum system:Taking the industry characteristic research university as an example”was established by the Ministry of Education’s Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences,the Department of Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(project no.23YJC880099).
文摘The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.
文摘Standing on a different view point from Anderson, we prove that the extended Wiener process defined by Anderson satisfies the definition of the Wiener process in standard analysis, for example the Wiener process at time t obeys the normal distribution N(0,t) by showing the central limit theorem. The essential theory used in the proof is the extended convolution property in nonstandard analysis which is shown by Kanagawa, Nishiyama and Tchizawa (2018). When processing the extension by non-standardization, we have already pointed out that it is needed to proceed the second extension for the convolution, not only to do the first extension for the delta function. In Section 2, we shall introduce again the extended convolution as preliminaries described in our previous paper. In Section 3, we shall provide the extended stochastic process using a hyper number N, and it satisfies the conditions being Wiener process. In Section 4, we shall give a new proof for the non-differentiability in the Wiener process.
文摘Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia are the major symptoms of the disease. These motor impairments are often accompanied by affective and emotional dysfunctions which have been largely studied over the last decade. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional processing organization in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and to explore whether there are differences between recognition of different types of emotions in Parkinson's disease. We examined 18 patients with Parkinson's disease(8 men, 10 women) with no history of neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. All these patients underwent identical brain blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for emotion evaluation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging results revealed that the occipito-temporal cortices, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex which are involved in emotion processing, were activated during the functional control. Additionally, positive emotions activate larger volumes of the same anatomical entities than neutral and negative emotions. Results also revealed that Parkinson's disease associated with emotional disorders are increasingly recognized as disabling as classic motor symptoms. These findings help clinical physicians to recognize the emotional dysfunction of patients with Parkinson's disease.
文摘The advanced treatment using integrated Fenton's reaction and coagulation process was investigated in this study. Before the advancement, the pharmaceutical wastewater containing lincomycin hydrochloride was pretreated by UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge bed) and a SBR (sequencing batch reactor) process. The residual recalcitrant compounds, measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), mainly consisted of alcohols, phenols, and nitrogenous and sulfur compounds. The experimental results indicated that when the Fenton's reaction was conducted at pH=3.0, H2O2CODOcr=0.27, H2O2/Fe^2+=3:1 and 30 min of reaction time, and the coagulation process operated at a sulfate aluminum concentration of 800 mg/L and pH value of 5.0, the color and COD in the wastewater decreased by 94% and 73%, respectively; with a finale COD concentration of 267 mg/L and color level of 40 units, meeting the secondary standard of GB8978-1996 for industrial wastewater.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2011CDB229)
文摘In this paper, with the aid of large deviation formulas established in strong topology of functional space generated by HSlder norm, we discuss the functional sample path properties of subsequence's C-R increments for a Wiener process in HSlder norm. The obtained results, generalize the corresponding results of Chen and the classic Strassen's law of iterated logarithm for a Wiener process.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Sanjin Scholars Program of Shanxi Province(201707)Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province(201903D321059)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(HGKY2019071)。
文摘As nitrobenzene(NB)is structurally stable and difficult to degrade due to the presence of an electron withdrawing group(nitro group).The sequential nanoscale zero valent iron-persulfate(NZVI-Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8))process was proposed in this study for the degradation NB-containing wastewater.The results showed that the NB degradation efficiency and the total organic carbon removal efficiency in the sequential NZVINa_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process were 100%and 49.25%,respectively,at a NB concentration of 200 mg L^(-1),a NZVI concentration of 0.75 g L^(-1),a Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)concentration of 26.8 mmol L^(-1),an initial pH of 5,and a reaction time of 30 min,which were higher than those(88.53%and 35.24%,respectively)obtained in the NZVI/Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process.Sulfate radicals(SO_(4)·-)and hydroxyl radicals(·OH)generated in the reaction were identified directly by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and indirectly by radical capture experiments,and it was shown that both SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH played a major role in the sequential NZVI-Na_(2)S_(2)O_(8)process.The possible pathways involved in the reduction of NB to aniline(AN)and the further oxidative degradation of AN were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
文摘Caring has long been recognized as central to nursing and is increasingly posited as a core concept although developing a theoretical description of caring which is adequate in the 21st. century continues to be a difficult task for nursing scholars. Consequently, verifying existing theoretical structures of caring remains an ongoing challenge. The aim of this article is to provide empirical verification of the caring processes of “knowing,” “being with,” “doing for,” “enabling” and “maintaining belief” from Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory based on the categorization of nursing actions from a systematic literature review on care. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the fields of nursing sciences, medicine and psychology. Purposeful sampling was carried out covering a period from 2003-2013. The final sample included 25 articles. Results: Major themes of nursing actions included “knowing” which consisted of centering, nurturing, informed understanding, assessment skills, communication and respect for individual differences. “Being with” was characterized by intimate relationship, connecting, presencing, emotional adaptability awareness of self/other and decentering. “Doing for” included competence, knowledge, professional/technical skills, helping actions, anticipatory, multidisciplinary and preserving dignity. “Enabling” was characterized by self care, commitment, complexity of care, appropriate communication, information/education, sharing power, enabling choice and ongoing validation. Finally, “maintaining belief” was characterized by spiritual being, humanistic view, harmonious balance, hope, love, and compassion, meaning, and religious and spiritual orientation. Conclusion: Empirical verification was shown for the caring processes described in Swanson’s Caring Theory grounded in concrete nursing actions.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50802067)
文摘By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine (P205 and F-) in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate (C3S) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) was explored. The results indicated that the early hydration exothermic rate of C3S and C3A was obviously lowered by P205 and F- in phosphorous slag, the second peak occurring time of C3A was delayed by 0.9 h, the exothermal output of C3S was reduced by 25.04% and the time of accelerating stage was postponed by 0.86 h. The early hydration degree of C3S and C3A was also decreased. Due to the influence of P205 and F, more pores and thinner crystals can be observed in the microstructure of hardened paste and the chance of cracks was reduced.