Spatial Narrative in“The Story of an Hour”

In a novel,space is an essential element,because the characters need a special place to tell their stories.In recent years,more and more scholars indulge their interest in studying spatial narrative.“The Story of an Hour”is one of Kate Chopin’s representative works,which describes one-hour mental journey of Mrs.Mallard after hearing the death of her husband.This essay will interpret it from the perspective of spatial narrative and try to find its ingenious methods to narrate the story.

Exploration on Rhetorical Devices in “The Story of an Hour”

This paper analyzes some main rhetorical devices in Kate Chopin's short novel "The Story of An Hour" including symbolism,contrast and irony,which are benefit to promote the theme.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Rural Residents’Working Hours:Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence

The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.

Temperature Trends and Accumulation of Chill Hours, Chill Units, and Chill Portions in South Carolina

There is considerable concern about the potential impact of climate change on agriculture, such as the accumulation of chilling hours needed to break the dormancy of many perennial plants, like fruit trees. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if there had been a significant change in air temperatures and chill hours, chill units, and chill portion accumulation in South Carolina over the last two decades. Two decades of daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperature records were obtained from weather stations in thirty-one counties in South Carolina. Hourly temperature data, reconstructed from the daily data, were used to calculate the daily and annual chill hours, chill units, and chill portions accumulation using four different chill models for each location and year. The chill models included the T(t) °C model, the 0°C °C model, the Utah model, and the Dynamic model. For each county, regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the historical trends. Despite year-to-year variability, the tendency was a statistically significant (α = 0.05) increase in air temperature, averaging 0.089°C per year for 20 out of 31 counties in South Carolina. The other 11 counties had no significant change in temperature. The average temperature increase in the 31 counties was 0.072°C per year. The temperature increase resulted in a decrease in annual chill accumulation during the fall to spring, averaging 17.7 chill hours, 8.6 chill hours, 17.0 chill units, and 0.40 chill portions per year calculated with the T(t) °C, 0°C °C, Utah, and Dynamic models, respectively. However, whether this decrease in chill values was statistically significant or not depended on the chill model used. This study did not investigate the cause of the observed historical trends in temperature and chill accumulation. Still, if the trends continue, they could significantly impact the future of the temperate fruit tree industry in the state.

Hourly Wage and the Likelihood of Stealing an Item

Researchers have extensively explored the impact of wages on individuals’ decisions to engage in property crimes. While most of these studies in the past have relied on macro-level data to investigate the relationship between crime rates and hourly wages, this paper takes a novel approach by utilizing micro-level data to examine the influence of hourly wages on the likelihood of stealing an item valued at least $50. The results obtained from the estimations reveal that an increase in hourly wage leads to a decrease in the probability of theft, all other factors being held constant. Further estimation by gender revealed that hourly wages given to both male and female have no bearing on the decision to steal. Additionally, the analysis of the differences in theft probabilities across gender and race demonstrates that males consistently exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in theft when compared to females across various racial groups.

Impact of trading hours extensions on foreign exchange volatility:intraday evidence from the Moscow exchange

Using transaction-level tick-by-tick data of same-and next-day settlement of the Russian Ruble versus the US Dollar exchange rate(RUB/USD)traded on the Moscow Exchange Market during the period 2005–2013,we analyze the impact of trading hours extensions on volatility.During the sample period,the Moscow Exchange extended trading hours three times for the same-day settlement and two times for the next-day settlement of the RUB/USD rate.To analyze the effect of the implementations,various measures of historical and realized volatility are calculated for 5-and 15-min intraday intervals spanning a period of three months both prior to and following trading hours extensions.Besides historical volatility measures,we also examine volume and spread.We apply an autoregressive moving average-autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity(ARMA-GARCH)model utilizing realized volatility and a trade classification rule to estimate the probability of informed trading.The extensions of trading hours cause a significant increase in both volatility and volume for further analyzing the reasons behind volatility changes.Volatility changes mostly occur after the opening of the market.The length of the extension has a significant positive effect on realized volatility.The results indicate that informed trading increased substantially after the opening for the rate of same-day settlement,whereas this is not observed for next-day settlement.Although trading hours extensions raise opportunities for more transactions and liquidity in foreign exchange markets,they may also lead to higher volatility in the market.Furthermore,this distortion is more significant at opening and midday.A potential explanation for the increased volatility mostly at the opening is that the trading hours extension attracts informed traders rather than liquidity providers.

Estimating the Monetary Value of Hours Lost to the Nigerian Public Healthcare System When Full-Time Government Employee Doctors Engage in Dual Practice

Background: Dual Practice (DP) allows full-time public sector doctors to concurrently offer the same clinical services in the private sector. The debate against this practice seems to be largely influenced by its potential to reduce the contracted hours in the public sector and shift attention to private work. Purpose: The purpose of this secondary research is to estimate the monetary value of hours lost to the Nigerian public healthcare system when full-time government employee doctors are engaged in private practice. It attempts to quantify the amount of resource outflow from the public system due to absences and lateness arising from competition for time between the public system’s contracted hours and private practice. Methods: Sensitivity analysis in Excel 2010 was used to calculate doctors’ hourly pay in the public sector using the 2015 Consolidated Medical Salary Structure for medical and dental officers in Nigeria’s federal public service. The parameters used for the calculation were the official 40-hour working week and the average monthly gross pay of doctors on different grade levels. Hypothetical scenarios of hours lost due to absences associated with DP were created. The value of different hypothetical hour losses by the percentage of doctors assumed to engage in dual practice across all doctor grade levels was then computed. Results: The estimated annual value of hours lost from dual practice to a single public tertiary care hospital was N4,851,754 or 15,855 USD (best case scenario) and N19,407,017 or 63,422 USD (worst case scenario) for the normal routine work and N1,800,133 or 5883 USD (best case scenario) and N3,600,266 or 11,766 USD (worst case scenario) for the on-call duty. Conclusion: The government may have been paying salaries for large volumes of work not rendered in the public sector. The overall financial impact of dual practice in the Nigerian public system might be negative.

Zoning Evaluation of Hourly Precipitation in High-resolution Regional Numerical Models over Hainan Island

This study assesses the performance of three high-resolution regional numerical models in predicting hourly rainfall over Hainan Island from April to October for the years from 2020 to 2022.The rainfall amount,frequency,intensity,duration,and diurnal cycle are examined through zoning evaluation.The results show that the China Meteor-ological Administration Guangdong Rapid Update Assimilation Numerical Forecast System(CMA-GD)tends to forecast a higher occurrence of light precipitation.It underestimates the late afternoon precipitation and the occurrence of short-duration events.The China Meteorological Administration Shanghai Numerical Forecast Model System(CMA-SH9)reproduces excessive precipitation at a higher frequency and intensity throughout the island.It overestimates rainfall during the late afternoon and midnight periods.The simulated most frequent peak times of rainfall in CMA-SH9 are 0-1 hour deviations from the observed data.The China Meteorological Administration Mesoscale Weather Numerical Forecasting System(CMA-MESO)displays a similar pattern to rainfall observations but fails to replicate reasonable structure and diurnal variation of frequency-intensity.It underestimates the occurrence of long-duration events and overestimates related rainfall amounts from midnight to early morning.Notably,significant discrepancies are observed in the predictions of the three models for areas with complex terrain,such as the central,southeastern,and southwestern regions of Hainan Island.

Long-Term Trends in Pre-Summer Daytime and Nocturnal Extreme Hourly Rainfall in a Coastal City of South China

The long-term trends in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer daytime and nocturnal extreme hourly rainfall(EXHR) during 1988-2018 in Hong Kong and their spatial distributions are examined and analyzed. Despite a significant increasing trend observed in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer EXHRs during the investigated period,the increase in daytime and nocturnal EXHRs show distinct spatial patterns. Nocturnal EXHRs show uniform increasing trends over the entire Hong Kong. However, the increase in daytime EXHRs is concentrated over the northern or eastern areas of Hong Kong, indicating a downstream shift of pre-summer EXHRs in Hong Kong with regard to the prevailing southwesterly monsoonal flows in south China. The clustering of weather types associated with daytime and nocturnal EXHRs further reveals that the increase in EXHRs over Hong Kong are mainly contributed by the increase of the events associated with southwesterly monsoonal flows with relatively high speeds. During the past few decades, the southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China have undergone a substantial weakening due to the increased surface roughness induced by the urbanization over the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area since 1990s,leading to enhanced low-level convergence and thus significant increase in EXHRs at coastal south China. Meanwhile,daytime sea-wind circulation at coastal south China is markedly enhanced during the investigated period, which is the main reason for the northward shift of daytime EXHRs in Hong Kong. In addition, the blocked southwesterly monsoonal flows at coastal south China are detoured eastward, leading to stronger convergence and increase in EXHRs at eastern coast of Hong Kong, especially during daytime, when the easterly sea winds prevail at the region.

口服葡萄糖耐量试验1h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值

目的:探讨口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)1 h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值。方法:收集2019年6月至2022年6月于北京中医药大学东直门医院门诊及住院行OGTT的受试者1 206例,其中血糖正常412例,糖尿病前期358例,糖尿病436例。比较3组OGTT不同时点血糖与空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞分泌功能指数(HOMA-β)水平;采用ROC曲线分析OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病前期的诊断和鉴别价值。结果:3组OGTT各时点血糖均为糖尿病组>糖尿病前期组>血糖正常组(P<0.05)。FPG、HOMA-IR糖尿病组>糖尿病前期组>血糖正常组,FINS、HOMA-β糖尿病组<糖尿病前期组<血糖正常组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,OGTT 1 h血糖诊断糖尿病前期的AUC(95%CI)为0.758(0.724~0.792),以敏感度最大选取最佳切点值,该值为9.35 mmol/L,此时敏感度为0.701,特异度为0.709;OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病和糖尿病前期鉴别的AUC(95%CI)为0.956(0.942~0.969),以敏感度最大选取最佳切点值,该值为12.55 mmol/L,此时敏感度为0.901,特异度为0.908。结论:OGTT 1 h血糖对糖尿病前期具有一定的诊断和鉴别价值。

On Answering the Question Related to the Legal Regulation of Working Hours in the New Era:Western Experience and Chinese Approach

The popularity of flexible working hours around the world has slowed down the historical trend of reducing working hours.It even shows signs of regression.Whether and how to guide the cur-rent society with flexible working hours to return to the historical track of reducing working hours,improve the quality of working hours,and promote a smooth transition from the era of traditional standard work-ing hours to the era of flexible working hours has become a question related to the legal regulation of working hours in the new era.In this regard,although Western countries have proposed new regulatory concepts and carried out legislative practices with distinctive charac-teristics,the limitations of legal regulation capabilities have prevented them from proposing a package of institutional solutions.The advan-tage of China in the ability of legal regulation of working hours has been gradually formed in the legislation on working hours unnder the leadership of the CPC in the past century.It enables China to break through the limitations of the West and propose a Chinese approach to answer the question of the legal regulation of working hours in the new era from three aspects:limiting the extension of working hours,improving the quality of flexible working hours,and optimizing the funnctions of the multi-funnctional regulatory system for working hours.

一种基于火工品技术的数据安全保护方法研究

数据存储器作为飞行器参数的重要记录设备,在推动远程精确打击武器的发展进程中有重要作用。由于远程武器的射程范围广,常常导致数据存储器无法快速有效地定位回收,若数据存储器被敌人获取,将会导致数据泄露,危害国家安全。基于以上研发背景,分析了各种数据销毁方式的优缺点,设计实现了一种基于火工品技术的芯片毁伤方法,用于保护数据存储器的记录数据。测试结果表明:毁伤模块能够在无解保指令下对被恶意拆除的目标芯片进行摧毁,且毁伤模块在待机情况下能够长时间工作超过120 h。满足系统的方案设计需求。

超重肥胖大学生24小时活动指南依从性及其心理健康问题研究

目的:考察中国超重肥胖大学生24小时活动指南依从和心理健康问题(压力、焦虑和抑郁)的人口统计学特征,探究活动指南依从与压力、焦虑和抑郁之间的关联,以及特征自我控制是否在上述关联中起到中介作用。方法:采用纵向前瞻性设计,对456名超重肥胖大学生完成两个时间点的数据收集,包含基线的自评24小时活动行为(身体活动、久坐及睡眠)和人口统计学变量,以及间隔2个月后的自评压力、焦虑和抑郁水平。结果:在24小时活动指南方面,男性、低年级以及父母教育水平较高的学生在活动指南方面的依从情况更好。女性以及高年级被试的心理健康问题主要表现为压力、焦虑和抑郁水平更高。此外,活动指南依从反向显著预测超重肥胖大学生的压力、焦虑及抑郁水平。特质自我控制对24小时活动依从与心理健康问题之间的关系起到部分中介作用。结论:未来应制定相关健康政策,采取科学有效的干预措施,以帮助中国超重肥胖大学生提高身体活动量、降低久坐、确保充足睡眠,进而提升其心理健康水平。

生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗3期压力性损伤的疗效观察

目的观察生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗3期压力性损伤的疗效。方法选取2019年8月至2022年12月期间我院3期压力性损伤患者90例(共计患处105处),按随机数字表法分为生-威组(生肌玉红膏+威伐光照射)30例(35处),生-紫组(生肌玉红膏外敷+紫外线照射)30例(37处)和生肌玉红膏组(生肌玉红膏外敷)30例(33处)。对比观察3组患者压力性损伤伤口面积、24 h渗液量及伤口床组织类型评分。结果治疗前3组患者压力性损伤伤口面积、24 h渗液量及伤口床组织类型评分均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后3组患者伤口面积评分、24 h渗液量评分、伤口床组织类型评分均低于治疗前,且生-威组低于其他两组,生-紫组低于生肌玉红膏组(P<0.05)。结论生肌玉红膏联合威伐光治疗对3期压力性损伤的改善幅度最大,可有效促进压力性损伤创面的愈合。

中美高校土木工程材料课程教学差异研究

对中美高校土木工程材料课程的课堂授课、实验及考核等方面进行比较研究。美国的土木工程材料课程设置及讲授注重实验和工程应用,重基础知识和自主学习。我国注重课堂基础教学,提倡线上教育。提出我国高校应适度增加实验学时,并根据专业方向不同对授课内容有所侧重;可借鉴美国的研究生助教制度,强化课堂和实验教学的指导以及课下与学生的沟通交流,进一步提高教学质量。

24h pH-阻抗监测对胃食管反流病患者治疗反应性的预测价值

目的探讨24 h pH-阻抗监测对胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)患者治疗反应性的预测价值。方法选取2020年12月—2022年11月成都市第三人民医院接受治疗的286例具有典型反流症状的GERD患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitors,PPI)治疗,2个月后根据治疗效果,将患者分为有效组和无效组。对比2组患者的日常生活习惯、高分辨率测压结果、24 h pH-阻抗监测结果、症状及量表评分。采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选治疗反应影响因素,构建预测模型,绘制ROC曲线分析其预测价值。结果治疗2个月后,有效组纳入184例,无效组纳入102例。有效组治疗前食管下括约肌(low esophageal sphincter,LES)长度以及LES静息压均低于无效组(P<0.10),远端潜伏期(distal latency,DL)及远端收缩积分(distal contractile integral,DCI)均高于无效组(P<0.10),有效组患者治疗前的酸暴露时间(acid exposure time,AET)≥6%、总反流发作次数、DeMeester评分均低于无效组(P<0.10);有效组反流后吞咽诱发的蠕动波(post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave,PSPW)指数≥61%比例、平均夜间基线阻抗(mean nocturnal baseline impedance,MNBI)值≥2292Ω比例高于无效组(P<0.10)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,LES静息压(OR=0.738)、DL(OR=3.643)、DCI(OR=1.124)及24 h pH-阻抗监测综合预测(OR=1.940)水平均可影响GERD治疗反应性(P<0.10)。ROC曲线分析显示,24 h pH-阻抗监测的综合预测水平(AUC=0.969,特异度=90.2%,敏感度=91.3%)高于其他影响因素。结论24 h pH-阻抗监测的相关参数可高度预测典型的GERD患者对采用PPI后的治疗反应。

24小时活动行为:老年人健康影响因素研究的新方向

24 h活动行为包括身体活动、久坐行为及睡眠,国内外研究发现老年人普遍存在身体活动少、久坐、睡眠不足的问题,已有研究证明合理分配24 h活动行为是改善老年人不良健康结局的重要措施,但目前对于老年人24 h活动行为的相关研究仍处于探索阶段。本文结合现有的研究从24 h活动行为的概念、理论发展、分析方法以及其与老年人不良健康结局的关系进行综述。未来需要积极开展相关研究,深入探讨并量化24 h活动行为对老年人健康产生的影响,形成能够发挥老年人最大健康效益的24 h活动行为组合,开发准确的评估工具,以促进积极老龄化和健康老龄化。

光热与光伏发电综合对比

光伏发电和光热发电是太阳能发电的2种典型形式。光伏开发成本相对较低,但为保证系统安全稳定运行,须配置一定比例储能和分布式调相机,造成发电成本提升,而光热自带储热和出力友好性,因此目前对于光伏与光热的发展技术路线仍存在较大争议。文中以青海海西地区为例,基于同一时空太阳能辐照资源和出力特性,比较光伏+储能与光热的电力保障能力;然后从电网安全稳定支撑能力角度对光伏+储能+调相机与光热进行比较;最后基于光热和光伏成本下降趋势预测进行二者的经济性对比。研究结果表明,若将光热和光伏放到技术对等层面,则光热由于同时具备储热和常规发电机功能,能够为系统提供短路容量、无功补偿和转动惯量支撑,在成本下降后经济性与光伏+储能+调相机基本相当,甚至更优。

阵发性心房颤动发作风险的人工智能预测模型

目的建立一种基于24 h心电图数据开发的集成模型,从而对房颤高危人群发生房颤的风险,及实时预测阵发性房颤患者房颤的发作。方法连续回顾性收集2018年1月1日至2021年12月31日在暨南大学第一附属医院心电报告诊断为阵发性心房颤动的患者共310例,经筛选后共有124例患者作为心房颤动组纳入本研究。同时以1∶4的比例随机选择496例心电图报告正常的患者作为非心房颤动组。两组患者最终一起被随机分配,得到训练集(n=434)、验证集(n=62)和测试集(n=124),比例为7∶1∶2,以进行心电模型训练。建立心电神经网络模型和心率神经网络模型,最后使用逻辑回归将心电神经网络模型和心率神经网络模型结合得到集成模型。结果经过训练、验证和测试,人工智能集成算法的曲线下面积为0.94(95%CI 0.75~0.94),其敏感度、特异度、准确度、精确度和F1分数分别为56.0%、98.0%、90.0%、93.0%和0.70。与临床风险模型和现有的房颤预测模型HARMS2-AF评分相比,AI算法的性能更好(P<0.01)。结论人工智能集成算法可能是预测房颤风险,实时预测房颤发作的有效方法,可以作为一种早期预警工具。这对房颤的筛查,个体化抗凝方案的制定具有重要的临床意义。

基于体质健康的多指标联合ROC曲线法建立儿童青少年24 h活动行为推荐量的探索性研究

目的:采用多指标联合ROC曲线方法对24 h活动行为的推荐量进行探索性研究,并与其他方法的推荐量进行比较。方法:在全国7个地区选取435名儿童青少年为研究对象,采用加速度计测量身体活动,问卷调查视屏时间(screen time,ST)和睡眠(sleep,SLP),从身体成分、心肺耐力、柔韧性、力量、速度和协调灵敏性等方面评价体质健康水平。使用成分数据的分析方法对24 h活动行为进行描述和变换。采用线性回归、二元逻辑回归和ROC曲线法探索24 h活动行为推荐量。采用准确率和Kappa值检验准确性和一致性,采用协方差分析比较满足不同项目推荐量的体质健康水平差异。结果:1)控制年龄、性别和家庭社会经济状况后,非视屏静坐(non-screen-time sedentary behavior,Non-ST SB)与体质健康呈负相关,低强度身体活动(light-intensityphysicalactivity,LPA)和中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity,MVPA)与体质健康呈正相关;2)多指标联合的预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.710,高于所有单项指标且有统计学意义。联合指标预测值最佳切点值为0.38,对应的SLP为568.49 min/d,ST为130.00 min/d,Non-ST SB为584.92 min/d,LPA为99.92 min/d,MVPA为56.67 min/d;3)多指标联合预测的效果最好,准确率为88.72%,精确率为78.43%,召回率为90.91%,Kappa一致性系数为0.76。满足多指标联合推荐量的被试体质健康评分最高,且呈现随着满足项目数的增多,体质健康评分逐渐上升的趋势(Ptrend<0.001)。结论:研究采用的成分数据结合多指标联合ROC曲线法准确性和一致性较高,满足该方法的推荐量与较高的体质健康水平有关。