Hourglass-like constriction of the anterior interosseous nerve in the left forearm:A case report

BACKGROUND Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy is a rare neurological disorder.The main clinical manifestation is peripheral nerve injury with no apparent cause,and the pathomorphological change is an unexplained narrowing of the diseased nerve.The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are challenging and there is no accepted diagnostic or therapeutic approach.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a rare hourglass constriction of the anterior interosseous nerve in the left forearm in a 47-year-old healthy male who was treated surgically and gradually recovered function over a 6-mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy is a rare disorder.With the development of medical technology,more examinations are now available for diagnosis.This case aims to highlight the rare manifestations of Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy and provides a reference for enriching the clinical diagnosis and treatment experience.

Simulation Research of Magnetic Constriction Effect and Controlling by Axial Magnetic Field of Vacuum Arc

Based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of vacuum arc, the computer simulation of vacuum arc was carried out in this paper. In the MHD model, mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations, generalized ohm's law and Maxwell equation were considered. MHD equations were calculated by numerical method, and the distribution of vacuum arc plasma parameters and current density were obtained. Simulation results showed that the magnetic constriction effect of vacuum arc is primarily caused by the Hall effect. In addition, the inhibition of axial magnetic field (AMF) on constriction of vacuum arc was calculated and analyzed.

Comparative Characterization of Maxillary Expansion and Alternate Maxillary Expansions and Constrictions in Rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the cranial and circumaxillary sutures react differently to maxillary expansion （ME） and alternate maxillary expansions and constrictions （Alt-MEC） in a rat model. Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats （6 weeks old） were used and divided into three groups. In ME group （n=9）, an expander was activated for 5 days. In Alt-MEC group （9 animals）, an al- ternate expansion and constriction protocol （5-day expansion and 5-day constriction for one cycle） was conducted for 2.5 cycles （25 days total）. The control group comprised 4 animals with no appliances used, each of two sacrificed on day 5 and day 25 respectively. Midpalatal suture expansion or constriction levels were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by bite-wing X-rays and cast models. Distances between two central incisors and two maxillary first molars were measured on cast models after each activation. Circumaxillary sutures （midpalatal, maxillopalatine, premaxillary, zygomaticotemporal and frontonasal suture） in each group were characterized histologically. Results showed that midpalatal suture was wid- ened and restored after each expansion and constriction. At the end of activation, the widths between both central incisors and first molars in Alt-MEC group were significantly larger than those in ME group （P〈0.05）. Histologically, all five circumaxillary sutures studied were widened in multiple zones in Alt- MEC group. However, only midpalatal suture was expanded with cellular fibrous tissue filling in ME group. Significant osteoclast hyperplasia was observed in all circumaxillary sutures after alternate expan- sions and constrictions, but osteoclast count increase was only observed in midpalatal suture in ME group. These results suggested that cranial and circumaxillary sutures were actively reconstructed after Alt-MEC, while only midpalatal suture had active reaction after ME.

Differential Expression of Alpha-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion after Chronic Constriction Injury

Summary： mRNAs of alpha-adrenoceptor （α-AR） subtypes are found in neurons in dorsal root ganglion （DRG） and change after peripheral nerve injury. In this study, the distribution of α-AR subtype proteins was studied in L5 DRG of normal rats and rats with chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve （CCI）. Using immunofluorescence technique, it was found that α1A-, α1B-, and α2A-AR proteins were expressed in large, medium, and small size neurons in normal DRG, and significantly increased in all size neurons 14 days after CCI. α1D- and α2C-AR was also expressed in all size neurons in normal DRG. However, α1D-AR was significantly increased and α2C-AR was decreased in small size neurons 14 days post CCI. α2B-AR neurons were not detectable in normal and CCI DRG. Co-expression of α1A- and α2A-AR in the same neuron was observed in normal DRG and increased post CCI. Collectively, these results indicated that there is distinct distribution of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons, and the distribution and levels of expression of α-AR subtypes change differently after CCI. The up-regulation of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons may play an important role in the process of generating and transmitting neuropathic pain.

Effect of Touch stimulus on the Expression of C-fos and TrkA in Spinal Cord Following Chronic Constriction Injury of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats

Summary: To study the mechanism of the innoxious touch-stimulus on the modulation of hyperalgesia and the expression of the C-fos and the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor-TrkA in the spinal dorsal horn neurons following the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats, 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group and CCI group, with each group being further divided into 3 subgroups on the 7th,14th and 28th day after operation (n=10). The mechanical and the thermal withdrawal threshold were assessed following the touch stiumulation after the CCI, immunohistochemical methods were employed to observe the expression of the C-fos and TrkA in spinal dorsal horn. Our results showed that the hyperalgesia appeared on the 4th day and reached the maximal level on the 14th day after operation. The expression of the C-fos also increased significantly and reached its maximal level on the 14th day after the touch-stimulus. Meanwhile, the TrkA expression was elevated significantly in both groups, as compared with basic data, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). It is concluded that the level of the C-fos expression changed with the paw withdrawal threshold variation and increased markedly following the innoxious touch-stimulus. The expression of the TrkA receptors also increased gradually following the development of the neuropathic pain. The results suggest that C-fos may play a crucial role in the development of the hyperalgesia in the earlier-time of the neuropathic pain, but TrkA receptors may be involved in the long-lasting adaptive changes of the central pathway in neuropathic pain.

Mechanism of persistent hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury

Transmembrane member 16 A(TMEM16 A) is involved in many physiological functions, such as epithelial secretion, sensory conduction, nociception, control of neuronal excitability, and regulation of smooth muscle contraction, and may be important in peripheral pain transmission. To explore the role of TMEM16 A in the persistent hyperalgesia that results from chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain, a rat model of the condition was established by ligating the left sciatic nerve. A TMEM16 A selective antagonist(10 μg T16 Ainh-A01) was intrathecally injected at L5–6. For measurement of thermal hyperalgesia, the drug was administered once at 14 days and thermal withdrawal latency was recorded with an analgesia meter. For measurement of other indexes, the drug was administered at 12 days,once every 6 hours, totally five times. The measurements were performed at 14 days. Western blot assay was conducted to analyze TMEM16 A expression in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglion. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity of TMEM16 A in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglion on the injured side. Patch clamp was used to detect electrophysiological changes in the neurons in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglion. Our results demonstrated that thermal withdrawal latency was shortened in the model rats compared with control rats.Additionally, TMEM16 A expression and the number of TMEM16 A positive cells in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglion were higher in the model rats, which induced excitation of the neurons in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglion. These findings were inhibited by T16 Ainh-A01 and confirm that TMEM16 A plays a key role in persistent chronic constriction injury-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, inhibiting TMEM16 A might be a novel pharmacological intervention for neuropathic pain. All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, China(approval No. A2017-170-01) on February 27, 2017.

Maxillary first premolars:Ⅰ.Morphology of the apical constriction

Objective： To investigated the apical constriction morphology of maxillary first premolars in the Chinese population. Methods： Eighty recently extracted human maxillary first premolars from a native Chinese population were used. The number and shape of apical constrictions were recorded under a dental operating microscope （DOM） at 12.5 × 2.5 magnification. After access preparation, a new K-file was inserted into the canal until the tip of the file was just seen at the apical constriction under the DOM. The teeth with files in the canals were X-rayed from a mesiodistal direction using a direct digital radiography （DDR） system, and the distance between the file tip and the center of radiographic apex was directly measured from the computer screen using DDR measurement software. Results： The percentage of teeth with an apical constriction was 78.5% （102/130）. The most common apical constriction shapes were oval （55.9%） and round （35.3%）. The mean distance between the apical constriction and the anatomical tip of the root was 0.61 mm, and 84.3% （86/102） were within 1 mm. Conclusion： The most common shape of an apical constriction was oval or round, and the distance to the apex was mostly within 1 mm, indicating that root canal therapy should stop 1 mm from the radiographic apex.

Expression and effect of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter on dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of chronic constriction injury

Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) are associated with the transmission of peripheral pain.We investigated whether the increase of NKCC1 and KCC2 is associated with peripheral pain transmission in dorsal root ganglion neurons.To this aim,rats with persistent hyperalgesia were randomly divided into four groups.Rats in the control group received no treatment,and the rat sciatic nerve was only exposed in the sham group.Rats in the chronic constriction injury group were established into chronic constriction injury models by ligating sciatic nerve and rats were given bumetanide,an inhibitor of NKCC1,based on chronic constriction injury modeling in the chronic constriction injury + bumetanide group.In the experiment measuring thermal withdrawal latency,bumetanide (15 mg/kg) was intravenously administered.In the patch clamp experiment,bumetanide (10 μg/μL) and acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons (on day 14) were incubated for 1 hour,or bumetanide (5 μg/μL) was intrathecally injected.The Hargreaves test was conducted to detect changes in thermal hyperalgesia in rats.We found that the thermal withdrawal latency of rats was significantly decreased on days 7,14,and 21 after model establishment.After intravenous injection of bumetanide,the reduction in thermal retraction latency caused by model establishment was significantly inhibited.Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results revealed that the immune response and protein expression of NKCC1 in dorsal root ganglion neurons of the chronic constriction injury group increased significantly on days 7,14,and 21 after model establishment.No immune response or protein expression of KCC2 was observed in dorsal root ganglion neurons before and after model establishment.The Cl^– (chloride ion) fluorescent probe technique was used to evaluate the change of Cl^– concentration in dorsal root ganglion neurons of chronic constriction injury model rats.We found that the relative optical density of N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (a Cl^– fluorescent probe whose fluorescence Cenintensity decreases as Cl– concentration increases) in the dorsal root ganglion neurons of the chronic constriction injury group was significantly decreased on days 7 and 14 after model establishment.The whole-cell patch clamp technique revealed that the resting potential and action potential frequency of dorsal root ganglion neurons increased,and the threshold and rheobase of action potentials decreased in the chronic constriction injury group on day 14 after model establishment.After bumetanide administration,the above indicators were significantly suppressed.These results confirm that CCI can induce abnormal overexpression of NKCC1,thereby increasing the Cl^– concentration in dorsal root ganglion neurons;this then enhances the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and ultimately promotes hyperalgesia and allodynia.In addition,bumetanide can achieve analgesic effects.All experiments were approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board at the First Affiliated Hospital,College of Medicine,Shihezi University,China on February 22,2017 (approval No.A2017-169-01).

Changes in compressed neurons from dogs with acute and severe cauda equina constrictions following intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-conjugated polymer nanoparticles

This study established a dog model of acute multiple cauda equina constriction by experimental constriction injury （48 hours） of the lumbosacral central processes in dorsal root ganglia neurons. The repair effect of intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with 15 mg encapsulated biodegradable poly（lactide-co-glycolide） nanoparticles on this injury was then analyzed. Dorsal root ganglion cells （LT） of all experimental dogs were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry at 1,2 and 4 weeks following model induction. Intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor can relieve degeneration and inflammation, and elevate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in sensory neurons of compressed dorsal root ganglion Simultaneously, intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor obviously improved neurological function in the dog model of acute multiple cauda equina constriction. Results verified that sustained intraspinal delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles promoted the repair of histomorphology and function of neurons within the dorsal root ganglia in dogs with acute and severe cauda equina syndrome.

Aloin attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress

Objective:To investigate the effect of aloin against chronic constriction injury(CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:GroupⅠ(normal control),GroupⅡ(sham-operated),GroupⅢ(CCI control)and GroupⅣ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,andⅦ,which underwent CCI surgery and then were administered with aloin(5 mg/kg,p.o.;25 mg/kg,p.o.;125 mg/kg,p.o.)and gabapentin(50 mg/kg,p.o.),respectively for 14 days.Peripheral neuropathy was induced by silk ligatures(4-0)loosely placed around the sciatic nerve.Nociceptive thresholds against mechanical stimuli(Von-Frey filaments)and thermal stimuli(12℃and 40℃)were measured at midplantar paw region ipsilateral to the compressed nerve on day-3,7,11,and 14.The concentration of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βwas estimated at day-7.At day 14,motor nerve conduction velocity was determined under urethane anesthesia(1.25 g/kg).Oxidative stress parameters(malondiadehyde,glutathione,catalase,and superoxide dismutase)were estimated in sciatic nerve homogenates at day 14.Representative nerve samples were processed for histological investigations.Results:Aloin significantly reduced CCI-induced mechanical and thermal allodynia.It also improved motor nerve conduction velocity and decreased oxidative stress in nerve tissues.In addition,it decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and restored the histoarchitecture of compressed sciatic nerve.Conclusions:Aloin mitigates CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the afflicted sciatic nerve.

Experimental Investigation on the Inf1uence of Axial Magnetic Field Distribution on Resisting the Constriction of a High-Current Vacuum Arc

Effect of the axial magnetic field （AMF） on resisting the constriction of a highcurrent vacuum arc is studied in this paper. Two typical AMF distributions were investigated, i.e., the traditional bell-shaped AMF, and the saddle-shaped AMF. Experiments were conducted in a detachable vacuum chamber with arms arc current in the range of 10 kA to 25 kA. The arc column was photographed by a high-speed digital camera with an exposure time of 2 microseconds. The constriction of the vacuum arc was compared by processing the images of the arc column under the two different field configurations and numerically determining the dimensions of the arc column near the electrodes. It was also confirmed that the AMF distribution had a significant influence on its effectiveness in resisting arc constriction. of the arc is more influential than that at the Furthermore, the AMF strength near the periphery centre of the electrodes in resisting arc constriction.

HYBRID PERTURBATION-GALERKIN SOLUTION OF THE FLOW IN A CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION TUBE WITH CONSTRICTION

Using hybrid perturbatin_Galerkin technique,a crcular cross_section tube model with sinusoidal wall is studied.This technique can remove the limitation of small parameters for perturbation and the difficulty of selecting good coordinate functions about Galerkin technique.The effects caused by the boundary conditions and the Reynolds number on the flow were discussed.The position of the separate and reattachment points was obtained.The tendency of the variation about the shear stress on the wall and friction factor along the axis direction were also analyzed.The results at a small parameter have good agreements with the perturbation ones.

Original Research: Pupillary Constriction Velocity and Latency to Predict Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in adults. A need exists for an easier and faster objective clinical measures of EDS. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size and prior pupillometry studies have demonstrated associations with sleepiness. We used a novel portable device to assess pupillometry and prospectively evaluated a sleep clinic cohort. Methods: Following IRB approval Pupillometry (The ForSiteTM, NeurOptics, Irvine, CA), was performed on 113 sleep clinic patients. Constriction and dilation velocity and latencies, minimum and maximum aperture were obtained along with Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), 10 point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), BMI, gender, age and AHI. Three sets of measures were obtained and analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Linear Regression and Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS, Cary, NC). Results: Both constriction velocity and latency correlated with VAS (n = 88, r = 0.28, p = 0.007 and r = 0.31, p = 0.004). Only constriction velocity correlated with AHI (n = 78, r = -0.27, p = 0.016). Multivariate linear regression which includes VAS and age predicted constriction velocity (r = 0.36, p = 0.002) and latency (r = 0.38, p = 0.001). Using Pearson correlation, AHI and VAS combined were associated with constriction velocity (-0.273 (0.016), and 0.284 (0.007), respectively). Using a maximum constriction velocity threshold value (age adjusted) of 2.8, VAS ≥ 6 was predicted with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 84%. Conclusions: Pupillary constriction velocity and latency predict self-reported VAS state of sleepiness. While both are affected by age, only constriction velocity is affected by apnea severity. These data suggest that a portable pupillometer may provide a method to identify individuals with abnormal sleepiness.

The recovery effect of neuregulin on the sciatic nerve constriction injury as well as its molecular mechanism

Objective:To study the recovery effect of neuregulin (Nrg-1) on the sciatic nerve constriction injury as well as the expression of Nrg-1 downstream signaling molecules in sciatic nerve tissue.Methods: SD rats were selected as the experimental animals and divided into sham operation + saline intervention group (group A), sciatic nerve constriction model + saline intervention group (group B) and sciatic nerve constriction model + Nrg-1 intervention group (group C). 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention, the sciatic nerve function parameters were detected;8 weeks after intervention, the levels of fibrosis molecules and Nrg-1 downstream molecules in sciatic nerve tissue were determined.Results: 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention, sciatic nerve MCV and CMAP amplitudes of group B were significantly lower than those of group A, and the sciatic nerve MCV and CMAP amplitudes of group C were significantly higher than those of group B;8 weeks after intervention, CTGF, Col-I, Col-III, MMP2, MMP9 and PTEN levels in sciatic nerve tissue of group B were significantly higher than those of group A while ErbB, Akt and PI3K levels were significantly lower than those of group A;CTGF, Col-I, Col-III, MMP2, MMP9 and PTEN levels in sciatic nerve tissue of group C were significantly lower than those of group B while ErbB, Akt and PI3K levels were significantly higher than those of group B.Conclusion: Neuregulin can activate the PI3K/Akt to exert the recovery effect on sciatic nerve constriction injury.

Endovascular stenting combined with external constriction valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein for the treatment of Cockett syndrome

To evaluate the effect of endovascular stenting combined with external constriction valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein for the treatment of Cockett syndrome.Methods Forty-two cases of Cockett syndrome with femoral veins reflux were treated with iliac vein stent implantation or venoplasy,and superficial femoral veins were constricted with ePTFE graft patch at the level of the first valves.Results All the iliac veins were patent after stent implantation.A follow-up of 8 to 45 months revealed that limb swelling disappeared in 38 cases with no varicose.Slight limb swelling was left over in 3 cases.Stent thrombosis,developed in one case two months later,subsided by a successful thrombolysis.Conclusion The procedure is mini-invasive,safe and effective for the treatment of Cockett syndrome.6 refs,1 fig.

富血小板血浆凝胶缓解CCI模型大鼠周围神经痛及其改善中枢海马组织炎性机制研究

目的建立大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤(CCI)模型,观察富血小板血浆凝胶(PRP)对CCI大鼠坐骨神经病理性疼痛进展期痛域的影响,并探讨其对中枢海马组织的抗炎作用机制。方法选择SPF级雄性SD大鼠50只,其中10只用于制备PRP,其余40只采用随机数表法分为空白对照组、假手术组、CCI组和CCI+PRP组,每组10只。比较各组大鼠在术前1 d、术后6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d足底机械性缩足反射阈值(MWT)和热辐射缩足潜伏期(TWL)变化;比较术后7 d时各组大鼠海马区肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和高迁移率组蛋白1(HMGB1)及其下游Toll样受体-4(TLR4)、糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)mRNA表达水平。结果空白组与假手术组各时间点大鼠MMT和TWL比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);CCI组和CCI+PRP组大鼠术后MMT和TWL值与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CCI组和CCI+PRP组大鼠术后各时间点MWT和TWL比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d时,对照组和假手术组大鼠海马组织的TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量以及HMGB1、TLR4和RAGE mRNA表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而CCI组和CCI+PRP组与对照组或假手术组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后7 d时,CCI+PRP组与CCI组大鼠海马组织的TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量以及HMGB1、TLR4和RAGE mRNA表达水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论富血小板血浆可有效延缓CCI大鼠神经病理性疼痛进展期痛域,抑制中枢海马组织炎性反应,其机制可能与富血小板血浆通过HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE信号通路抑制TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平有关。

颅痛宁颗粒对眶下神经缩窄环术诱导三叉神经痛大鼠的治疗作用研究

目的研究颅痛宁颗粒对三叉神经痛模型大鼠的治疗作用,为其临床应用提供参考资料。方法采用眶下神经缩窄环术(ION-CCI)制备大鼠三叉神经痛模型,大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、卡马西平阳性药组、颅痛宁高剂量组(2.70 g生药·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、颅痛宁低剂量组(1.35 g生药·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))。Von Frey毛刷测定大鼠触须垫机械痛阈值,生化法检测血液血流变和凝血功能,HE染色观察眶下神经病理变化,Western blot技术检测三叉神经内P38和P-P38的蛋白水平。结果颅痛宁颗粒能提高模型大鼠的痛阈值(P<0.05,P<0.01)降低模型大鼠血浆黏度(P<0.05,P<0.01)和全血还原黏度(P<0.05,P<0.01),提高模型大鼠血流变能力;提高模型大鼠血液凝血酶原时间(prothrombintime,PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplatin time,APTT)和凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT)水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),降低模型大鼠纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平(P<0.01),改善凝血功能;改善模型大鼠眶下神经的病理改变;并降低模型大鼠三叉神经内P-P38的表达量(P<0.01)。结论颅痛宁颗粒具有改善三叉神经痛作用,可能与其活血化瘀功能有关。

HMGB1在三叉神经痛中的作用

目的构造大鼠三叉神经痛(TN)模型探索三叉神经节(TG)内高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)的表达情况及HMGB1对疼痛影响的可能机制。方法采用眶下神经缩窄术构造大鼠TN模型,分为手术组(CCI组)和空白组(Sham组),机械痛阈检测鉴定模型构建是否成功;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)及Western blot检测Sham组及CCI组大鼠术侧TG中HMGB1、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA和蛋白表达量;连续两周每天腹腔注射50 mg/kg HMGB1抑制剂甘草酸(GL),以生理盐水(NS)作为对照,分为CCI组、CCI+NS组、CCI+GL组;RT-qPCR及Western blot检测CCI组、CCI+NS组、CCI+GL组大鼠术侧TG中HMGB1,TLR4、NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达量。结果大鼠术侧机械阈值持续降低(P<0.05),TN模型构造成功,大鼠眶下神经受到慢性压迫性损伤,术侧TG中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达量升高(P<0.05);腹腔注射GL后,术侧TG中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB降低(P<0.05)。结论HMGB1与TN有关,HMGB1可能通过TLR4/NF-κB通路调控TN。

牙支抗式与骨支抗式矫治早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的效果比较

目的:比较应用牙支抗式(FM)与前腭旁正中区域微螺钉种植支抗(MSI/FM)的Hyrax结合上颌前方牵引装置矫治替牙期及恒牙列早期上颌骨发育不足的骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的效果。方法:将18例上颌骨发育不足的早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者随机分为2组(n=9),分别采用FM的Hyrax结合上颌前方牵引治疗方案(FM)和用MSI/FM支抗的Hyrax结合上颌前方牵引装置的治疗方案(MSI/FM)。两组均以交替快速上颌骨扩张和收缩(Alt-RAMEC)的方式结合双侧约3.92 N、相对于平面向前、向下30°的前方牵引力,纠正骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形。通过Lortho头影测量软件对两组矫治前后的头颅侧位片进行描画重叠并分析矫治前后头影测量指标的变化。结果:矫治后两组患者的软组织侧貌和Ⅲ类错[牙合]均得到明显改善,MSI/FM组患者的平均矫治时间较短。FM组在以下测量指标中T0和T1之间存在显著差异(P<0.05):SNA、ANB、Co-A、Co-Gn、 Wits、S-Go、Na-Me、MP、 U1-SN、UADH、LADH、Overjet、UL-EP增加,U1-L1减小。MSI/FM组在以下测量指标中T0和T1之间存在显著差异(P<0.05):SNA、ANB、Co-A、Wits、Na-Me、MP、Y轴角、U1-SN、Overjet、UL-EP增加,SNB、Co-Gn-Co-A、S-Go/N-Me、U1-L1、L1-MP减小。结论:FM和MSI/FM分别与Hyrax结合上颌前方牵引装置矫治早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形均可得到显著的治疗效果;MSI/FM组平均矫治时间较短、骨性效应较显著、牙性代偿较轻,上颌综合长度向前生长明显、下颌生长方向改善明显、上前牙代偿性唇倾较轻。

肌肉质量对腹主动脉缩窄大鼠心脏结构和功能的影响

目的:探究骨骼肌质量对腹主动脉缩窄(AAC)大鼠心脏结构和功能的影响及可能机制。方法:(1)雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照(CON)组、肌萎缩(MA)组和肌肥大(MH)组,每组10只。MA组通过去除后腿两侧胫神经构建双下肢MA模型,MH组通过负重跑构建MH模型。4周后取材,测定MA和MH指标。(2)在以上模型构建完成的基础上,另取大鼠随机分为CON组、心肌病理性重构组(AAC组)、MA+AAC组和MH+AAC组,每组10只。对AAC组、MA+AAC组和MH+AAC组大鼠进行AAC手术,CON组进行假手术。术后4周超声检测心脏结构和功能;病理染色观察比目鱼肌、腓肠肌和心肌形态学改变;ELISA法检测血清肌生成抑制蛋白(MSTN)浓度;realtime PCR检测心肌组织心房钠尿肽(ANP)和脑钠肽(BNP),以及骨骼肌和心肌组织MSTN的mRNA表达水平。结果:4周的去神经术或负重跑训练后,与CON组相比,MA组大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌显著萎缩,MH组大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌显著肥大,但两组心重/体重、左室舒张末期心室壁厚度、射血分数等相关指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与AAC组相比,MA+AAC组大鼠心重/体重和左室舒张末期心室壁厚度显著增大,舒张末期内径显著降低,射血分数显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),心肌纤维化加重;MH+AAC组心重/体重和左室舒张末期心室壁厚度显著降低,舒张末期内径显著增加,射血分数显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),心肌纤维化减轻。与AAC组相比,MA+AAC组心肌ANP和BNP的mRNA表达水平显著上升,MH+AAC组ANP和BNP的mRNA表达水平显著下降(P<0.01)。与AAC组相比,MA+AAC组比目鱼肌、腓肠肌和心肌MSTN的mRNA表达水平,以及血清MSTN含量均显著上升(P<0.01);MH+AAC组腓肠肌和心肌MSTN的mRNA表达水平,以及血清MSTN含量均显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:萎缩的骨骼肌加重AAC手术诱导的心脏病理性重构,而肥大的骨骼肌使AAC诱导的病理性重构减轻。骨骼肌质量对心脏病理性重构有着重要影响。MSTN可能参与了骨骼肌质量对心脏病理性重构的调节。