Expression of Exogenous Antimicrobial Peptide and Resistance to Stem Rot Disease of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

[Objective] This study was to identify the expression of exogenous antimicrobial peptide in transgenic Houttuynia cordata Thunb. plants,and analyze their resistance to stem rot disease. [Methods] SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis were employed to detect expression of exogenous antimicrobial peptide in transgenic H. cordata plants. Both wild type and transgenic H. cordata plants were inoculated with different concentrations of Rhizoctonia solani spores for detecting their resistance. [Results] The exogenous antimicrobial peptide was detected at translation level. The optimal parameters for detecting the resistance of transgenic H. cordata plants to R. solani was inoculation of spores at a concentration of 3×105 ind./ml and cultured for three days. The results showed that resistance of transgenic H. cordata plants to R. solani was enhanced in comparison with CKs. [Conclusion] Expression of exogenous antimicrobial peptide can enhance the resistance of transgenic H. cordata plants to stem rot disease.

峨眉山不同山峪和海拔高度鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)居群挥发油成分的变化

以分布于峨眉山不同山峪不同海拔（500-1800m）的17个鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata Thunb.）居群及生长地土样作为试验材料，按土壤农化分析常规方法对土壤pH值及土壤营养元素进行测定，用水蒸馏法提取植株地上部分的挥发油，并用GCMS对挥发油化学成分进行分离和鉴定，峰面积归一法测定各成分含量。结果显示：峨眉山鱼腥草生长地土壤肥力水平较高，对鱼腥草的生长极为有利。从所有居群中共鉴定出35种化合物，各居群挥发油成分组成及含量存在较大的差异。月桂烯作为四个山峪唯一共有的主要成分在各居群中均能检测到，且在各居群中的平均含量最高。乙酸龙脑酯和trans-β-罗勒烯的含量与海拔高度间分别存在显著和极显著正相关。方差分析及多重比较的结果表明，不同山峪以及海拔高度对各居群挥发油成分和含量有显著影响。通过偏相关分析发现土壤微量元素对鱼腥草挥发油共有成分合成与积累的作用大于大量元素，微量元素中以有效钼的影响最为显著，大量元素中以速效钾的影响最为显著。采用逐步多元回归分析筛选出了对挥发油共有成分含量影响显著的土壤营养元素。

Systematic analysis of components and contents in Houttuynia cordata Thunb

Objective:This study aims to provide the material basis for the molecular mechanism of Yuxingcao(Houttuynia cordata Thunb,HCT)through the method of evidence-based study to summarize the natural constituents isolated from HCT.Methods:We searched CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed and relevant conference compilations.The keywords were'Yuxingcao or Houttuynia cordata Thunb'and'components'or'ingredients'or'constituent'or'volatile oil'or'flavonoids'or'terpene'or'content',both in Chinese and English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the reported compositions and contents have been summarized,and SPSS software was used to draw the boxplot of contents.Results:A total of 603 natural compounds in 11 categories were obtained from pooled articles.In the diverse components,the number of aliphatic compounds(n=259)and terpenoids(n=158)are more than those of flavonoids(n=26),alkaloids(n=42)and aromatics(n=42).While,in the part of volatile oils of HCT,the largest components are aliphatic compounds(mainly distributed on the ground)and terpenoids(mainly distributed in the underground).Although,methyl n-nonylketone is distributed in the whole herb plant,a large proportion is present in the underground parts.As for non-volatiles,the flavonoid content(mainly distributed on the ground)was the highest,among which quercetin and its glycosyl derivatives were the prominent.Conclusion:The results of this study provide a more comprehensive material basis for the further study of HCT.It is also helpful to explain the mechanisms of anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,anti-viral and anti-cancer effects from the molecular target and molecular network levels.

Effects of frying oil and Houttuynia cordata thunb on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme system of rodents

AIM: To evaluate the effects of frying oil and Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata), a vegetable traditionally consumed in Taiwan, on the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme system of rodents. METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a diet containing 0%, 2% or 5% H. cordata powder and 15% fresh soybean oil or 24-h oxidized frying oil (OFO) for 28 d respectively. The level of microsomal protein, total cytochrome 450 content (CYP450) and enzyme activities including NADPH reductase, ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin 0-dealkylase (PROD), aniline hydroxylase (ANH), aminopyrine demethylase (AMD), and quinone reductase (QR) were determined. QR represented phase Ⅱ enzymes, the rest of the enzymes tested represented phase Ⅰ enzymes. RESULTS: The oxidized frying oil feeding produced a significant increase in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ enzyme systems, including the content of CYP450 and microsomal protein, and the activities of NADPH reductase, EROD, PROD, ANH, AMD and QR in rats (P<0.05). In addition, the activities of EROD, ANH and AMD decreased and QR increased after feeding with H. cordata in OFO-fed group (P<0.05). The feeding with 2% H. cordata diet showed the most significant effect. CONCLUSION: The OFO diet induces phases I and II enzyme activity, and the 2% H. cordata diet resulted in a better regulation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme system.

Houttuynia cordata Thunb rescues retinal ganglion cells through inhibiting microglia activation in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion

AIM:To determine whether Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT)can increase the survival of the retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and inhibit microglia activation following retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury.METHODS:Rat model of RIR was induced by transient elevation of the intraocular pressure(IOP).HCT was orally administered for 2 d before the performance of retinal RIR model and once a day for the next 14 d.After 14 d of RIR injury,the rats were sacrificed for further analysis.Survival RGCs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin(H&E).Apoptosis of RGCs was detected by TUNEL staining.Retinal function was examined by flash-electroretinography(F-ERG).Retinal microglia were labeled using Iba-1,one specific marker for microglia.The m RNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)were assessed by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).RESULTS:Systemic HCT treatment significantly reduced RGCs death by H&E staining and exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect as assessed by TUNEL staining at day 14 after RIR injury.HCT greatly improved the retinal function as examined by F-ERG.The number of activated microglia significantly increased after RIR injury,which was significantly attenuated by HCT treatment.Besides,RIR injury induced a strong upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α,i NOS and IL-1βm RNAs at day 14 post injury,which was suppressed by HCT.CONCLUSION:Neuroprotective effects of HCT encourage the survival of RGCs through inhibiting microglia activation due to RIR injury.Together these results support the use of HCT as promising therapy for the ischemic events of the retina diseases.

Responses of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.to Tetracycline Stress

[Objectives]To study responses of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.to tetracycline(TC)stress in a sterile environment.[Methods]Aseptic H.cordata seedlings were cultured in the medium which added the different concentrations of TC,and then the contents of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activity of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)of H.cordata leaves were measured.[Results]Compared with the CK,the contents of chlorophyll of H.cordata leaves decreased,and the accumulation of MDA,and the activity of CAT,POD and SOD in H.cordata leaves increased when H.cordata was stressed by different concentration of TC.[Conclusions]The growth,metabolism and physiology of H.cordata were affected by the stress of TC.More importantly,this proved an insight into the effect or harm of undegraded antibiotics in the soil and water in the natural environment to plant growth all the time.

Effects of Climate Factors in Greenhouses on the Growth Development and Quality of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

[Objectives]This study was conducted to demonstrate whether greenhouse planting can solve the problem of insufficient supply of fresh H.cordata Thunb.in winter and spring.[Methods]The effects of meteorological factors on the growth and quality of H.cordata Thunb.were analyzed.[Results]The highest temperature and lowest temperature in greenhouses were 6-12℃and 5-10℃higher than those in the open fields,respectively,and the average temperature difference between the greenhouses and the open fields was large in the early stage,but small in the late stage.The effective accumulated temperature≥10℃was 3463℃in the greenhouses and 2046℃in the open fields.Although the humidity in the open fields was higher than that in the greenhouses,the humidity in the greenhouses was relatively stable and that in the open field changed greatly.The light intensity of the greenhouses was lower than that of the open fields.In terms of the periods from film covering day to seedling emergence,seedling emergence to full emergence,and full emergence to crop closure,greenhouse planting was shortened by 47,11,and 5 d,respectively,compared with open field planting,but the period from crop closure to flowering was extended by 40 d.The plant height of the plants planted in the greenhouses reached 0.1 cm on January 7,while those planted in the open fields did not have seedlings until February 25,and the plant height,daily growth rate,yield and effective components in volatile oil of the plants planted in the greenhouses were significantly higher than those planted in the open fields.The growth,development and quality of H.cordata Thunb.reached the extremely significant or significant level with temperature,but had no significant correlation with humidity and light intensity,indicating that temperature had the greatest impact on the growth,development and quality of H.cordata Thunb.when planted in the greenhouses.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for protected cultivation and explores new planting methods for the further development of its industry.

Effects and safety of Chinese herbals containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb in the treatment of lung cancer:a systematic review

Objective:This study systematically evaluates the efficacy and safety of Houttuynia cordata in the treatment of lung cancer in order to provide clinical data support for better application of Houttuynia cordata.Methods:PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,Scopus,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and SinoMed were used to retrieve clinical observations and clinical controlled studies of Houttuynia cordata in the treatment of lung cancer.The retrieval time ranges from database building to January 2019.Two researchers independently screened literature,extracted data and conducted computational analysis.Result:In the clinical observational study,12 literatures of pure Chinese medicine treatment(1473 patients)and 4 literatures of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment(193 patients)were compared.The total effective rate and total stable rate of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment for tumour control were better,but the total improvement rate of quality of life of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment was lower than that of pure Chinese medicine,and the incidence of adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal tract reaction was also higher than that of pure Chinese medicine.Chinese medicine In the clinical control study,8 articles(567 patients)in the treatment group were treated by Chinese medicine and 9 articles in the treatment group(530 patients)were treated by combination of Chinese and Western medicine.Compared with Chinese medicine group,the total effective rate and total stability rate in the control of tumor size were higher in the combination of Chinese and Western medicine;The survival rate of 0.5~2 years was higher,and the total effective rate of body weight gain was slightly higher in the combination of Chinese and Western medicine.At the same time,the incidence of side effects was significantly higher than that of pure Chinese medicine treatment group.In addition,compared with the control group,the incidence of all side effects in the pure Chinese medicine group was lower.Compared with the control group,besides"bleeding","oral reaction"and"skin reaction",the probability interval of side effects in the treatment group was less than that in the control group,and the degree of side effects was also less than that in the chemotherapy group.Conclusion:In the treatment of lung cancer,the use of herbs containing Houttuynia cordata combined with western medicine or radiotherapy and chemotherapy not only has good curative effect,but also reduces toxicity and side effects.Therefore,the combination of herbs with western medicine has unique advantages,which deserves further in-depth research and development.

Inhibitory effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on LPS-induced retinal microglial activation

AIM: To identify the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation and investigate its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The primary retinal microglial cells were cultured from the retinas of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and exposed to LPS, and/or HCT with different concentrations. The survival ability of retinal microglia cells was tested by standard MTT method. BrdU cell proliferation assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of retinal microglia. Inflammatory factors in the culture supernatants, including TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β, were measured using ELISA. Microglia cells’ migration was determined with Transwell migration assay. The total p38-MAPK and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK(p-p38-MAPK) were detected with Western blot.RESULTS: Primary retinal microglia in culture exposed to LPS to induce microglia activation. Pretreatment with HCT significantly inhibited the LPS-induced cell proliferation, but not the cell viability. LPS induced inflammatory reaction in microglia and cell migration. HCT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory factors and decreased the number of migrating cells substantially in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the protein levels of p-p38 MAPK were identified as the up regulation and co-treatment with HCT obviously inhibited the upregulation of p-p38 MAPK, but had no effect on the levels of total p38-MAPK.CONCLUSION: The data suggest that HCT inhibits LPSinduced retinal microglial activation via suppression of the p-p38-MAPK. HCT may be used for the treatment of ocular diseases characterized by over-activated microglia.

Phenolics and Antioxidant Activities of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

[Objectives] To evaluate the phenolic components of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and their antioxidant activities from different sources. [Methods] Samples of 35 different sources of H. cordata were collected from Guizhou,and polyphenols,total flavonoids,total chlorogenic acid and 7 kinds of flavonoids( xanthol-3-O-glucoside,hyperoside,quercitrin,rutin,quercetin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin),and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the extracts were determined. Relationship between the contents of phenolics and the DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the extracts were analyzed by SPSS software. [Results] There were some significant differences in polyphenols,total flavonoids,total chlorogenic acid and the seven flavonoids between samples of different habitats,and the contents of polyphenols,total flavonoids and total chlorogenic acid increased linearly with altitude. There was a significant positive correlation between polyphenols,total flavonoids and total chlorogenic acid content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of extracts. The contents of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside,hyperoside,quercitrin,rutin,quercetin kaempferol and isorhamnetin were positively correlated with the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of the extracts,except for the significant correlation with quercitrin. [Conclusions]The experimental results suggest that the antioxidant capacity of H. cordata is derived from the total contribution of the phenolic components,indicating that these components have overall equivalence of antioxidant capacities. This provides a new research idea for solving the key problems of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis of Amino Acids in Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD)

[Objectives] The biologically active compounds of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. as a medicinal and edible plant are well documented. However, amino acid as an important indicator of the value of H. cordata is little reported. [Methods] Amino acids of the H. cordata were analysed by pre-column derivatization with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzne(CDNB) coupled to HPLC/DAD. The optimized conditions of the amino acids derivatized by CDNB were followed: 110 ℃ of hydrolysis temperature, 1∶12 of the equivalent proportion between amino acid and CDNB, 80 min of derivatization reaction time and 80 ℃ of derivatization reaction temperature. The method was used to determine the amino acids of H. cordata samples from 11 different geographical sites in Guizhou. [Results] The results suggested that the contents of 17 amino acids were quite variable at different H. cordata samples. [Conclusions] This study will provide a basis for the quality evaluation of H. cordata nutrition.

Enhancing the immune response in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by addition of Chinese herbs Houttuynia cordata Thunb as a food supplement

The Chinese herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb(abbreviated as HCT hereafter)has been widely used in human and livestock medical research.However,few studies have tested the effects of HCT in aquaculture systems,particularly in echinoderms.In this study,the impact of HCT was evaluated when used as a feed additive to enhance the immune response of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus.Two concentrations,1.5%and 3%,of HCT powder were tested by adding them to the feed.Feeding experiments had a four week duration and each week,the humoral and cellular immunity index of the intestine,tentacles,peristome,and coelomic fluid were analyzed.The results indicated that the percentage of A.japonicus coelomocytes significantly increased after supplementing feed with HCT,and reached a peak after one week of feeding with the 3%HCT supplementation.Analysis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)indicated that HCT in feed caused a notable increase in the coelomocyte ROS concentrations over the experimental period.In both the 1.5%and 3%HCT addition groups,the ROS peaked in the third week and then remained stable.In addition,alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,superoxide dismutase,lysozyme activity of the intestine,tentacles,peristome and coelomic fluid were significantly improved during the four-week test period.In conclusion,1.5%and 3%HCT added to feed boosts the immune responses of A.japonicus.HCT has potential as an immune enhancer for mariculture of sea cucumbers.

<i>Houttuynia cordata</i>Thunb: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology and Quality Control

Houttuynia cordata Thunb is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in East Asia. The collected information is an attempt to cover recent developments in the pharmacology, phytochemistry and quality control of this species. During the past several decades, the medicinally important phyto-constituents have been identified including essential oil, flavonoids and other polyphenols, fatty acids and alkaloids. A survey of the literatures shows H. cordata possesses a variety of pharmacological activities including antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Little attempt has been done to review the techniques used for its quality control. Future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational phytotherapy. The information summarized here is intended to serve as a reference tool to practitioners in the fields of ethnopharmacology and natural products chemistry.

铅、锌及其交互作用对鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用营养液培养方法研究铅、锌及其交互作用对鱼腥草叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响。实验结果显示,随着Pb浓度的增加,鱼腥草叶绿素含量逐渐降低但无显著变化。Zn在一定浓度下能提高鱼腥草叶绿素含量,而在高浓度Zn胁迫下,叶绿素含量急剧下降。鱼腥草叶片中SOD、POD和CAT3种酶活性都是随着Pb浓度的增加先上升后下降。随着Zn浓度的增加,SOD和CAT也是先上升后下降,POD则是逐渐上升。Pb-Zn交互作用增加了鱼腥草叶绿素含量,对SOD和POD活性具有抑制作用,对CAT活性影响不明显。同时研究结果还表明,单一Pb、Zn对鱼腥草叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶系统的影响大于Pb、Zn二者的共同作用,其中高浓度Zn对鱼腥草的伤害作用最大,而当溶液Pb处理浓度达到400mg/L时,鱼腥草仍能正常生长,说明鱼腥草具有较强的耐Pb能力。

鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)提取物对结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖的抑制作用

运用细胞生存活力测定实验(MTT)研究鱼腥草提取物对人结肠癌细胞HCT116生长的抑制情况.采用倒置显微镜观察不同浓度鱼腥草提取物对结肠癌细胞HCT116形态的影响.实验结果表明,鱼腥草提取物对人结肠癌细胞HCT116的生长增殖有明显的抑制作用,且存在浓度和时间的依赖性.鱼腥草作为天然抗肿瘤化合物的筛选材料具有潜在的价值.

鱼腥草中产槲皮素内生真菌的分离鉴定

【目的】探索鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)中是否存在产槲皮素的内生真菌。【方法】采用组织块法对鱼腥草内生真菌进行分离培养,分离纯化后收集菌丝利用薄层色谱(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测其代谢产物中的槲皮素,并分析其产量。采用形态学和内部转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列分析鉴定产槲皮素的内生真菌。【结果】从鱼腥草不同部位共分离得到9株内生真菌,其中由根中分离得到的菌株YXC-G1具有产生槲皮素的能力,为笋顶孢属(Acrostalagmus sp.)真菌,菌丝中槲皮素的含量为8.296 mg/g。【结论】从鱼腥草根部分离到1株产槲皮素的内生真菌YXC-G1,其可作为生产槲皮素的备选菌株。

鱼腥草挥发性成分“印迹模板”特征研究

目的通过对144批不同产地、不同采收时间鱼腥草根部挥发性成分“印迹模板”的定量分析,阐明其特征,为中药印迹质量评价提供理论参考和实验依据。方法采集全国不同产地不同采收期的鱼腥草,用水蒸气蒸馏法获取根部挥发油,通过GC-MS法获得指纹图谱并建立相应的成分数据库。对各批鱼腥草挥发性成分“印迹模板”进行定量表征,获得其分子连接性指数(molecular connectivity index,MCI)、物芯指数(core index,CI)、总量统计矩参数、信息熵、信息量等参数。结果各批样品化学成分种类、数目、含量有较大差异,各批样品间峰面积、信息量变化很大(RSD值分别为68.67%、79.72%),峰数变化较大(RSD值为22.03%);而信息熵、总量统计一阶矩、物芯指数(Xvp零阶、Xvp一阶、Xvp二阶)的变化不大(RSD值分别为16.17%、13.32%、5.46%、6.38%、6.03%)。结论鱼腥草生长过程中以“印迹模板”为中心修饰而成的具体成分及含量是随时随域变化,整体表现为“变”与“不变”规律,其印迹性质量评价可为中药更全面准确的质量控制提供新方法。

鱼腥草种质资源农艺性状综合鉴定评价

为鉴定评价鱼腥草种质资源主要农艺性状,筛选出具有适合湖北种植的潜力鱼腥草种质资源,从全国鱼腥草主产区收集10份鱼腥草种质资源进行田间比较试验,利用变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对鱼腥草种质进行综合评价。结果表明,鱼腥草种质资源变异丰富,变异系数在8.96%~61.49%,其中变异系数最大的为分枝数,最小的为地下部茎粗。地上部鲜质量与株高、叶长和叶宽呈极显著正相关,与分枝数呈极显著负相关,地下部鲜质量与地下部茎节间长呈显著正相关,与其他9个性状无显著相关性。主成分分析提取了3个主成分,累计贡献率88.34%。聚类分析将供试材料划分为5个类群,第Ⅱ类7号种质综合性状最优,第Ⅴ类10号即本地栽培种质次之。7号种质可作为生产用种加以利用。

灰树花多糖的促进合成及其对酒精性胃损伤的缓解作用

目的探究鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb,HCT)醇提物对灰树花多糖(Grifolafrondosa polysaccharide,GFP)产量的影响及对慢性酒精性胃组织损伤的缓解作用。方法基于HCT醇提物与GF发酵制得灰树花多糖(命名为HCTGFP),将108只KM雄性小鼠随机分为9组,除空白组外,各处理组每周二、四、六给药1 h后以5 mL/kg剂量灌胃50%食品级乙醇,连续给药4周;测定小鼠胃组织中氧化应激指标、抗炎标记物、炎症因子含量及其基因表达;测定小鼠血清中炎症因子含量并观察小鼠胃组织病理变化;采用16sRNA高通量测序法检测小鼠肠道菌群的变化。结果HCT提高了37.6%胞外多糖产量(P<0.01),且产生的HCTGFP能够有效增加超氧化物歧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽含量、降低丙二醛含量,提高机体抗氧化水平;有效抑制环氧合酶-2、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6和一氧化氮合酶基因的表达,缓解体内炎症反应。在门水平上,与模型组相比,HCTGFPH显著回调了F/B比值(P<0.05),显著增加了拟杆菌门丰度(P<0.05)以及显著降低了厚壁菌门、脱硫菌门与变形菌门的相对丰度(P<0.05);在属水平上,摄入HCTGFP回调了拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)的相对丰度,抑制了毛螺菌科属(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)的相对丰度,有效调节小鼠肠道菌群稳态。结论HCT能够显著提高GFP产量以及提升其调控小鼠胃组织氧化应激、炎症因子基因表达、肠道微生物菌群的效能,对慢性酒精性胃损伤起到更好的保护作用。

三种药用植物及其复合物对湘云鲫(3号)饲用效果的评定

为明确药用植物的饲用价值,将湘云鲫(3号)幼鱼随机分成5组,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和分别添加了4%马齿苋、4%车前草、4%鱼腥草、4%复合物(马齿苋∶车前草∶鱼腥草=1∶1∶3,重量比)的饲料,养殖85 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,马齿苋和车前草均显著提高鱼体相对增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),并显著降低饵料系数(P<0.05),鱼腥草则略降低特定生长率并稍增加饵料系数,但差异不显著(P>0.05);马齿苋显著提高鱼体粗蛋白质含量和显著降低粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),车前草则显著降低粗蛋白质含量和显著增加粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);马齿苋、鱼腥草和复合物既显著降低肝脏丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、总胆固醇(TC)、总三酰甘油(TG)含量(P<0.05),又显著增强肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),并改善肝组织结构;马齿苋明显改善中肠绒毛结构,鱼腥草则使中肠绒毛结构变差。综上所述,4%添加水平下,饲用价值最高的为马齿苋,其次是车前草和复合物,最次的为鱼腥草。