铁骊族称来源及其居地考

铁骊族称有一个历史的演变过程。唐朝置铁利部,渤海置铁利府,辽朝置铁骊国,民国置铁骊县,新中国成立后置铁力县,后改铁力市。铁利、铁骊、铁力等不同称谓,都是铁骊(利)人以农业经济为主,从事耒耜耕、耦耕、犁耕的文化遗存。“利”是“犁”的古文,“力”与“丽”通,“力”一人一耒耕地,“丽”两人两耒耕地,“骊”是“犁耕”时代的写照。今铁力地区,各族人民自古就以农耕经济为主,兼渔猎经济。今铁力市及其周围地方,自唐代以来一直是唐代铁利部、辽代铁骊国中心位置,是铁骊族居住之地。

使鹿鄂温克部落传统木工艺文化基因的提取及设计应用

使鹿鄂温克部落曾经以山川河流为伴,是鄂温克族的一个部落,以狩猎和饲养驯鹿为生。特殊的生存环境与生产方式,使之依靠丰富的山林资源形成了独具特色的传统木工艺文化。然而,随着生活环境的迁移与生产方式的转变,这种历史悠久的民族传统工艺却陷入了发展困境。引入文化基因理论,在梳理与归纳使鹿鄂温克部落传统木工艺发展历程与器物种类的基础上,对其文化基因进行分析和提取。最后将形态、图案、色彩等显性文化基因与生态、审美、习俗等隐性文化基因融入设计实践进行创新探索。使鹿鄂温克部落传统木工艺文化基因的提取与设计应用,可拓展民族传统文化的传承路径,还可为当代民族化设计提供新思路。

“叶护葛逻禄”译名辨误

jafʁu(yabğū,yabqu,jabghu)和jabaqu(yabāğū,yabaqu)常见于古代波斯语文献和突厥语文献,是完全不同的两个词语。jafʁu即汉文史籍中的“叶护”;jabaqu为操用印欧语的炽俟(ʧigil)集团中的部落名,亦即狭义的葛逻禄,为葛逻禄集团的核心部落,汉文史籍中音译作“药勿葛”“婆蔔”“婆匐”。jabaqu qarluq实指狭义的葛逻禄,应译作“药勿葛葛逻禄”“婆蔔葛逻禄”或“婆匐葛逻禄”。将二者混同,译作“叶护民族”“叶护族”或“叶护葛逻禄”,并非仅是翻译之误,而是直接关涉到对葛逻禄历史和中亚古代史的认知问题。

学术部落及其领地:当代学习研究中三种文化的对立与融合

该文使用学术部落及其领地这一学科文化的人类学隐喻作为概念框架,对当代学习研究的学术部落及其领地进行了分析,鉴别了其中存在的三种文化并对其内涵进行了阐释,提出学习科学的文化是认知的文化,学习技术的文化是认知造物的文化,学习工程的文化是造物的文化。以此为基础,对当代学习研究中三种文化的对立产生的历史后果及其超越进行了探讨,为此需构建科学—技术—工程的文化连续统,建立学习研究的“生态学隐喻”,改变学术部落中的学术实践,形成一种全新的、更具内在统一性的学习研究文化。

青年新部落的空间性特征与动态变化:以“706青年空间”为例

作为一种社会文化和空间现象,青年新部落的空间性特征与动态体现了其与所处社会环境互动的模式、过程与策略。但既有研究主要将空间作为新部落的形成条件和内在特征,而缺乏将空间作为理解新部落的社会与历史过程的关键视角。为此,文章基于索亚(Soja)提出的2条向空间开放的分析路径,即“时间-空间”与“社会-空间”,构建分析框架,以“706青年空间”为例,剖析青年新部落的空间性特征与动态。研究表明,“706青年空间”具有成员流动性、共同的情感、仪式与符号、共同占用的空间等新部落属性。同时,“706青年空间”也在现场的情感流动与认同中呈现瞬时的空间性特征,在记忆与想象的过程中呈现空间性的稳定与延续。在与外部社会环境的互动中,青年新部落采取多种空间策略,以便嵌入到现实社会中,包括通过空间的收缩和刺激扩散得以保存和发展,通过空间的开放和关系的拓展,以实现与地方的连接。文章突破了新部落理论有关空间认知的局限,揭示了新部落与社会环境互动中所呈现的空间性特征与动态模式,为解释城市中不断涌现的新部落现象提供了基于空间性的视角。

公开出版物上中国历史地图表示方法

中国历史地图是最能表达我国疆域由来和版图变迁的地图,关乎国家主权、安全和利益,具有严肃的政治性、严密的科学性、严格的法定性及极强的专业性。在地图管理工作中,中国历史地图的地图审核退图率高,地图监控的“问题地图”发生率高。本文充分分析历史地理学术专著和历史教科书中的中国历史地图表示特点,深入研究相关政策和技术要求,从中国历史地图古今内容对照表达、历史疆域(范围、界线和底色)及历史地名等方面,对中国历史地图的公开表示方法和要求进行了全面系统的阐述,为公开版中国历史地图的编制、审查及使用提供了参考,一定程度上促进了我国历史地图的健康繁荣发展。

后亚文化视域下主流文化身份认同建构——以文艺青年群体为例

在后亚文化视域下,“亚文化”已然成为一种身份选择。以文艺青年群体为主要分析对象,他们在基于自反性的个人叙事中进行身份选择,并在“新部落”的社交仪式之下达成身份认同。在新媒介场域中,文艺青年对主流文化的矛盾表现出从空间到技术的仪式抵抗升级,又由于融媒体的态势与其自身的意义追求,具备与主流文化身份融合的可行性。因此,该文从认同的传播理论出发,主流文化需经过传播机制的“破壁”,文化符号的“出圈”,并联结个人叙事为集体记忆,融入“新部落”的情感机制中,来建构与深化文艺青年群体的主流文化身份认同,坚定文化自信。

以“食”为媒:数字饮食部落的联结图景与生态逻辑

在媒介场景多元化与内容生产细分化的趋势下,“吃播”文化逐渐兴起并伴生网络社群新形态,对寻绎新媒介视域下的社群研究与圈层文化具有重要意义。运用网络民族志与深度访谈法,对新语境下吃播以食物媒介所更新而出的网络社群形态进行探赜。研究发现,吃播社群具有高度松散性与液态流动性的群聚特征,以共享感官体验、共通情感空间、共创意义价值的“复调”将社群形态更新为“部落”。数字饮食部落以培植技术联结、激发生理共鸣、缓释心理孤独、构筑符号认同的方式形成,并生发如下影响:在部落内形成集体话语空间;促动部落内外的经济交流与资本生产;在部落外叛离传统饮食文化中的共食社交,建构乡土饮食的新认同。

考古学、历史学视野下的先秦陇西戎族地望研究

戎族是先秦时期重要的部族,对先秦历史产生过重大影响,而陇西地区则是先秦时期戎族生活过的一个重要区域。通过梳理历史文献记载并结合考古资料分析可知,东周时期的陇西戎族主要有狄(翟)戎、豲戎、邽戎、冀戎、绵诸戎等,其活动范围在今甘肃天水、定西等地。具体来说,翟戎主要在定西临洮内,豲戎在定西陇西县内,冀戎在天水甘谷县内,邽戎在天水市区一带,绵诸戎在天水市清水县附近。对应考古发现,则马家塬、王洼、刘坪、长沟墓地可能与绵诸戎有关,墩坪、吴家门、张家岭墓地的族属可能是豲戎,毛家坪B组与冀戎有关。遗憾的是翟戎、邽戎目前并未发现能够与之对应的考古文化。

民主改革到改革开放前的凉山彝族绘画轨迹研究

本文讨论社会主义现实主义的凉山彝族绘画,时间段为民主改革到改革开放前,从民改初期的凉山彝族的美术教育、社会主义现实主义的凉山彝族绘画两个方面展开,探讨这一时期新中国凉山彝族美术的发展变迁和社会主义现实主义绘画的成因及其特点。

陶唐古国与运城盐池

陶唐古国的兴起与运城盐池密切相关。唐人具有尚武精神,逐步发展起来,出现了君主和武士阶层,建立了官僚机构和军队,占领了河东地区,控制了运城盐池,长期从事池盐生产和运销,发展为强大的部落国家。运城盐池的池盐生产和运销不仅基本满足了黄河中下游地区居民的食盐需求,而且给陶唐古国提供了稳定可靠的财政收入,为陶唐古国的发展奠定了经济基础。在唐部落发展过程中,运城盐池的池盐生产和运销起了至关重要的作用。

手机端多模态低头族危险感知与预警

随着智能手机产品的发展与畅销,不分场合随时玩手机的低头族大量涌现;针对低头族依赖手机导致道路交通事故频发问题,提出一种基于手机端多模态低头族危险感知与预警系统。首先,利用手机端的重力加速度基于模糊控制规则实时监测行为,包括:走路看手机、上下楼梯看手机、静止看手机、手持手机走路、手机揣兜走路;然后,使用手机后视摄像机图像基于分组快速空间金字塔池化的轻量化YOLO网络实时描述用户周围环境,包括:楼梯、斑马线、低照明环境、积水坑、正常路面。最后,面向安卓系统构建状态-环境多模态低头族危险判定模型;并根据判定结果利用声音、画面、震动信号给予低头族听觉、视觉、触觉立体式预警信号;减少低头族跌伤、碰撞等潜在危险。在线实验表明,本文提出的手机端多模态低头族危险感知模型准确性高、鲁棒性强、实时性好,能够针对低头族常见的危险状态实现有效的主动预警。

“守在四夷”理念在东汉北部边防的运用

东汉建立之初,在其北部边防的治边理念上由前汉的“多事四夷”转为“守在四夷”,这一转变的动因包括东汉政府加强中央集权的需要、边疆问题的决策体制以及北方游牧民族所带来的压力。东汉政府通过设置职官来监护内附的诸夷、利用夷兵以夷制夷、内徙边民以期实现守在四夷的治边成效。总体来说,在北部边防上实施“守在四夷”的策略是对当时内外环境变化的应对,其实施取得了巩卫北部边防以及减少国家财政支出的效果。

乡宁营里千佛洞石窟供养人题名考

北朝后期东魏北齐、西魏北周政权于河东争夺、对峙数十年,地方大族是双方尽力争取的重要合作伙伴。乡宁县营里千佛洞石窟供养人题名保存诸多历史信息,经考证可见地方大族势力出仕周齐政权、稽胡部落兵被编入北周府兵体系等历史细节,是认识北朝地方社会的珍贵石刻文物实证。

风景园林设计中文化与社会价值的重要性——以毛利社区为例

布鲁诺·马奎斯主席结合自己过去十年里与毛利社区共同合作的经历,探讨了全球化和殖民主义对土著社区产生的影响,梳理了毛利土著文化衰落的历史,并介绍了其团队为寻求毛利土著文化复兴所做的尝试,阐释了社区参与式风景园林设计方法和基于地方价值观的康复景观理念,同时也为风景园林师未来的发展方向提供了新视角。

Molecular phylogeny of tribe Atraphaxideae(Polygonaceae)evidenced from five cpDNA genes

Traditionally, Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum and Parapteropyrum are included in the tribe Atraphxideae. Recently, sequence data has revealed that this tribe is not monophyletic. The structure of the tribe was examined by adding more taxa and sequences to clarify the congruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny, the systematic placements of four genera in Polygonaceae, as well as the infra-generic relationships of Atraphaxis and Calligonum within Atraphaxideae. Five chloroplast genes, atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, trnL-tmF, psbK-psbl, and rbcL of Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum, and Parapteropyrum were sequenced. The non-monophyly of Atraphaxideae was confirmed. Atraphaxis and Calligonum, respectively, formed a monophyletic group that was well supported. Calligonum is closely related to Pteropyrum; Atraphaxis is sister to Polygonum s. str. and Parapteropyrum is allied with Fagopyrum. Although the morphology suggested the four genera should form a tribe, the molecular data indicated Atraphaxideae was not one monophyletic group. The clades identified within Atraphaxis corresponded well with the current sectional classification based on morphological features. As for Cal- ligonum, Medusa was identified as a non-monophyletic section.

Dietary intakes of Karen hill triber children aged 1-6 years in northern Thailand

Malnutrition results from insufficient intakes of food including micronutrients such as vitamin A,iron,iodine, zinc,and folic acid.This paper reported the results from a study of dietary intakes of Karen hill tribe children aged 1-6 years in the north of Thailand.All children aged 1-6 years(n=158;83 boys,75 girls)from the three Karen villages(Mae Hae Tai,Mae Yot,Mae Raek) of Mae Chaem district in the north of Thailand were studied.All children were examined by a qualified medical doctor and were assessed for their nutrient intakes using 24 hours dietary recall.All families had income lower than the Thailand poverty line(US $1000/ year).For children aged 1-3 years,the nutrients generally consumed were much less than the Thai RDA. Compared with the Thai RDA,all children consumed much less energy(28%-40.5%RDA)than protein (55.8%-96.1%RDA).Interestingly,all boys and only girls from Mae Raek village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA but girls from Mae Hae Tai village and Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A less than the Thai RDA.For children aged 4-6 years,boys from Mae Raek village consumed protein(128.4%RDA) and vitamin C(143.1%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Girls from Mae Yot village also consumed vitamin C (132.9%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Both boys and girls from Mae Raek village and also girls from Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA.Other nutrients were consumed much less than the Thai RDA by all children.All children consumed protein more than 10%of the total energy consumption per day. Most of the energy consumed by children came from carbohydrate.Nearly all children consumed carbohydrate more than 50%of the total energy consumption per day except boys aged 1-3 years from Mae Raek village (consumed 45%).All children from Mae Hae Tai village and boys aged 4-6 years from Mae Yot village(consumed 27%)consumed fat less than 30%of the total energy consumption per day.It appeared that the priority recommendations for improving nutrition in Karen villages in Mae Chaem would be increase energy consumption such as fat and oil.More general work is needed on how children’s diets might be improved in a culturally acceptable manner,so as to bring consumption patterns closer to recommended allowance levels.

Forest utilization patterns and socio-economic status of the Van Gujjar tribe in sub-Himalayan tracts of Uttarakhand,India

The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State, India. The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years. They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures. A few years ago with the announcement of the establish- ment of the Rajaji National Park, the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park, which has affected their lifestyle. The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study. The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony, the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selec- tive trees for various uses. A total of 176 households were interviewed （giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size） by using pre-structured questionnaires. The education level was very low （12.9%） and the average income per household was recorded as Rs. 36000 （approximately $ 803） per year. The major source of income was dairy production （80.6%） followed by labor employment （13.9%）, NTFPs （4.2%） and agricultural production （1.4%）. More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest. The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg, respectively. A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources. Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder, fuel wood, agricultural implements, household articles, dye, medicine, fiber and other products. According to their utility value, the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis, followed by Terminalia alata, Bombax ceiba, Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo,

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used in the Healthcare Systems of Tribes of Dantewada, Chhattisgarh India

The tribal people depend on forests for their livelihood and most of the rural people still depend on traditional medicine as a primary healthcare source. The paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wealth of ethnobotanical information available with the various tribes of the region. In this paper, some new and less known ethno medicinal uses of 104 plants of tribes of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G. in different ailments have been reported. The main objective of present work is to give the information and documentation of medicinal plant used by tribal of the study sites. The ethnomedicinal information was gathered from interviews with living elders belonging to Madiya, Muriya, Gond and Bhatra tribes of the study area. The present work on ethnomedicinal plants, used in the healthcare systems of tribes in 15 villages, was carried out from Geedam block of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G.

A New Approach for Identifying Potentially Effective Indigenous Plants Consumed by Chenchu Tribes and Their Nutritional Composition-India

Traditional knowledge of plants and their properties always has been transmitted from generation to generation through the natural path of everyday life. Food habits of the indigenous population across the globe are very abnormal when compared to that of civilized people. The forest related tribal scientific studies of edible wild plants are extremely constructive to know the nutritional values of the forest indigenous foods and help to eliminate the malnutrition problems in vulnerable group. The existing study was undertaken with an intention and documented 34 exceptional plant species belonging to 15 families with their medicinal values, taxonomical names and nutritional profile. Among the 34 indigenous plant foods, the frequently available and consumed plant foods by particularly vulnerable tribal group Chenchu tribes were selected for nutritional investigation including proximate composition, mineral and vitamin analysis. Results show that the nutritional values of the edible indigenous plant foods are prominent compared to frequently consumed foods available in market. The present study observed that the conventional and nutritional information on wild plant foods is on sharp decline. Unless efforts are made to educate the present generations about the importance of these foods, which may be lost in near future. These studies could contribute significantly to Government policies to improve food security and helps to progress health and nutritional status in marginally deprived tribal communities in India, and in the enhancement of wild vegetable status, whose potential as sources of nutrition is currently undervalued.