The Mineral Transformation of Huainan Coal Ashes in Reducing Atmospheres

By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope （CCSEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, the ash composition and the mineral components of six typical Huainan coals of different origins were studied. The transformation of mineral matter at high temperatures was tracked by XRD in reducing conditions. The quartz phase decreased sharply and the anorthite content tended to increase at first and then decreased with increasing temperatures. The formed mullite phase reached a maximum at 1250 ℃ but showed a tendency of slow decline when the temperature was over 1250 ℃. The mullite formed in the heating process was the main reason of the high ash melting temperature of Huainan coals. Differences in peak intensity of mullite and anorthite reflected differences in phase concentration of the quenched slag fractions, which contributed to the differences in ash melting temperatures. The differences in the location of an mnorphous hump maximum indicated differences of glass types which may affect ash melting temperatures. For Huainan coal samples with relatively high ash melting tempera- tures, the intensity of the diffraction lines for mullite under reducing condition is high while for the samples with relatively low ash melting temperature the intensity for anorthite is high.

Study on the Ecological Restoration Techniques in Coal Mines——A Case Study of Mines in Huainan

Coal mining has brought serious damages to neighboring environment and ecosystem,and degradation of ecological environment has seriously influenced life of neighboring residents and sustainable development of coal industry.Destroyed ecological environment of mines in Huainan,Anhui Province was introduced in this study,ecological restoration principles,methods and procedures of mines were explored.The paper proposed that the harmonious development of economy,society and ecological environment must be considered in the ecological restoration.Combing with current situation of local mining areas,practical eco-restoration technical solutions were given by following ecological restoration principles to realize the sustainable development of mines.

Study on the characteristics of mineral matter in Huainan coals by computer controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM)

The mineral features, ash composition, ash fusion temperature of Huainan coals were investigated by CCSEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) ash cone melting method respectively. The mineral matter is characterized by higher aluminosilicate clay minerals contents (more than 60% of the total mineral matter in coal) with quartz, which accounts for the higher ash flow temperatures, frequently higher than1 500℃. The contents of calcite and dolomite in Huainan coals range from 0.16% to about 11.57%. Another important non-silicate mineral matter, pyrite, ranges from 0.73% to 12.25%. Low amount of kaolinite-type clays and high amount of calcite and pyrite in the HN115 and XM coals are beneficial to ash melting. It is suggested that the high content of kaolinite in Huainan coals shows the high ash fusion temperature. CCSEM results also provide the size distribution of the minerals in Huainan coals. Generally, the mineral has bimodal size distribution in 6 Huainan coals.

Production Characteristics and the Control Factors of Surface Wells for Relieved Methane Drainage in the Huainan Mining Area

Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized,of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate,as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining.Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed.The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata,which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration;however,the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata.The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering,and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well,the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement.Furthermore,the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties.The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques,uneven distribution of gas concentration,and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells in the Huainan coal mining area

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells is a new method for exploration of gas and coalbed methane exploitation in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed. Studies on vertical surface well technology in the Huainan Coal Mining area play a role in demonstration in the use of clean, new energy resources, preventing and reducing coal mine gas accidents and protecting the environment. Based on the practice of gas drainage engineering of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells and combined with relative geological and exploration en- gineering theories, the design principles of design and structure of wells of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells are studied. The effects of extraction and their causes are discussed and the impact of geological conditions on gas production of the vertical surface wells are analyzed. The results indicate that in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed, a success rate of pressure relief coalbed methane in surface vertical well is high and single well production usually great. But deformation due to coal exploitation could damage boreholes and cause breaks in the connection between aquifers and bore-holes, which could induce a decrease, even a complete halt in gas production of a single well. The design of well site location and wellbore configuration are the key for technology. The development of the geological conditions for coalbed methane have a significant effect on gas production of coalbed methane wells.

Method for evaluation of the cleanliness grade of coal resources in the Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China:a case study

Based on analysis of a large data set and supplementary sampling and analysis for hazardous trace elements in coal samples from the Huainan Coalfield,a generalized contrast-weighted scale index method was used to establish a model to evaluate the grade of coal cleanliness and its regional distribution in the main coal seam(No.13-1)The results showed that:(1)The contents of Cr,Mn and Ni in the coal seam are relatively high and the average values are greater than 20μg/g.The contents of Se and Hg are at a high level while most other trace elements are at normal levels.(2)The cleanliness grade of the coal seam is mainly grade III-IV,which corresponds to a relatively good-medium coal cleanliness grade.However,some parts of the seam are at grade V(relatively poor coal cleanliness).(3)Coal of relatively good cleanliness grade(grade III)is distributed mainly in the regions corresponding to the Zhuji-Dingji-Gubei coal mines and in the eastern periphery of the Panji coal mine.Coal of medium cleanliness(grade IV)is distributed mainly in the regions of the Panji-Xiejiaji and Kouzidong coalmines.Relatively poor grade coal(grade V)is distributed in the southwest regions of the coalfield and the contents of Cr,As and Hg in coal collected from the relatively poor coal cleanliness regions often exceed the regulatory standards for the maximum concentration limits.

Failure characteristics of surface vertical wells for relieved coal gas and their influencing factors in Huainan mining area

Based on data from through-hole and logging,we studied the failure characteristics of surface drainage wells for relieved coal gas in Huainan mining area and its influencing factors.The results show that the damaged positions of drainage wells are mainly located at the thick clay layer in the low alluvium and the lithological interface in the upper section of bedrock in west mining area.The failure depth of casing is 244-670 m and concentrates at about 270-460 m deep.These damaged positions are mainly located in the bending zone according to three zones of rock layers in the vertical section above the roof divided. Generally,the casing begins to deform or damage before the face line about 30-150 m.Special formation structure and rock mass properties are the direct causes of the casing failure,high mining height and fast advancing speed are fundamental reasons for rock mass damage.However,the borehole configuration and spacing to the casing failure are not very clear.

Characteristics and geological significance of germanium in Taiyuan coal formation of Huainan Coalfield,Anhui,China

HN-1#is the first fully working coring well of the Taiyuan Formation(Ty)in the Huinan Coalfield and exploration studies are currently underway on the associated resources of the coal-bearing strata.The HN-1#well is located in the Fufeng thrust nappe structural belt in the south of the Huainan Coalfield.Three coal samples from the Ty were collected from HN-1#and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry were used to determine the Ge content of each sample.Based on proximate and ultimate analyses,microscopy data,and analyses of the ash products,some important findings were made.The Ty coal samples had a relatively high total sulfur(Sud)content(4.24%),thus the coal was considered to be a lower ranked coal(high volatility bituminous coal),which also had a low coal ash composition index(k,1.87).Collodetrinite was the main submaceral of the Ty coal.Small amounts of pyrite particles were found in the coal seams of the Ty,while the contents of pyrite and algae in the top and bottom sections of the coal seam were relatively high,which meant that the swampy peat conditions which existed during the formation of the coal seams were affected by seawater;also the degree of mineralization of the coal seam was relatively high,which is consistent with reducing conditions in a coastal environment setting.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)experiments showed that the modes of occurrence of Ge in the Ty coal were mainly those for organic-bound and adsorbed Ge species.The organic carbon isotope values for the Ty coal ranged from-24.1‰to-23.8‰,with an average value of-24.0‰,which is equivalent to the value for terrestrial plants(average value-24.0‰).The Ge content of the Ty coal was 13.57 mg/kg.The Ge content was negatively correlated with volatile matter and the ash yield.

Apatite fission-track study on the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield in Anhui Province, China: Tectonic implications for the potential coalbed methane resource

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a kind of burgeoning and enormously potential clean energy resource, and the temperature of the thermogenic CBM generation is close to that of the partial annealing zone (PAZ) of apatite fission tracks (AFT). In this study the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield and the potential CBM resource were studied and discussed by using the AFT method. The AFT data indicate that the apparent ages of AFT vary from 45.5 to 199.1 Ma. They are younger than the ages of their host strata (255–1800 Ma) except one sample, and the single-grain ages of AFT can be classified as a single age group for each sample. In combination with the geological setting, modeling results of the AFT ages, average lengths, and the thermal history based on the AFT single-grain ages and length distributions, some preliminary conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) at least three thermo-tectonic events (in the periods of ～240, 140 and 80 Ma, respectively) have occurred in the study area since the Late Paleozoic. The occurrence of both the first (during 240–220 Ma) and second (during 160–120 Ma) thermo-tectonic events is possibly responsible for the establishment of the patterns of gas generation and reservoir formation. The second thermo-tectonic event also led to slight accumulation of hydrocarbons and generation of thermogenic gas; (2) the AFT ages of most coal-bearing strata lie between 50 and 70 Ma. They should represent the cooling ages and the ages of inferred uplift and denudation, as well as the possible CBM release history. Therefore, the maximum burial depth of coal-bearing strata and the denudation thickness of the overlying strata are over 3000 and 2000 m in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene series, respectively; and (3) subsequently, a spot of secondary biogenic and scarcely thermogenic gas generation occurred due to negligible sedimentation during the Neogene and Quaternary periods. Thus, it can be presumed that subsequent tectonism would destroy the CBM reservoir after its formation in the Huainan Coalfield, especially in its structural development region. These AFT data may be helpful for a better understanding of the thermo-tectonic history of the Huainan Coalfield, as well as of CBM generation, storage and release in the Huainan Coalfield.

Study of Basic Farmland Protection in Huainan City

Farmland is the primary resource for food production,related to food security and people's livelihood.The basic farmland is the essence of farmland,and it is necessary to improve the quality of farmland and strengthen the basic farmland protection in order to enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity.Currently,the contradiction between urban development and farmland protection has been inevitable,and Huainan City is now in the period of rapid development of urbanization.How to better solve the contradiction between urbanization and farmland protection to promote sound and rapid economic development,is an important issue currently facing Huainan City.

Dynamic Analysis on Ecological Infrastructure Quality in Coal-based Cities:A Case Study of Huainan City

Urban ecological infrastructure is the ecological background of urban sustainable development and is the basic guarantee for the construction of ecological cities. According to the characteristics of the ecological infrastructure of coal-based cities, the ecological infrastructure is divided into two subsystems:natural infrastructure subsystem and artificial infrastructure subsystem. According to each subsystem and its main components(such as atmosphere, green space, hydrology, traffic and transportation), 36 indicators were selected to establish the evaluation system. In addition, the evaluation model was established by means of mean square deviation method and composite index method, and a dynamic analysis was carried out on the ecological infrastructure quality of Huainan City in 2006-2015. The results show that the composite index of ecological infrastructure in Huainan City in 2006-2015 remained at the medium level, and the natural infrastructure at the worse and poor levels, while the artificial infrastructure remained at the medium and excellent levels.

Planning and Design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park in Maoji Experimental Area of Huainan City

The coal resources are abundant in Huainan City,but with development and utilization of coal mine,the water surface formed by mining subsidence increases gradually,and more and more people pay great attention on the research of the wetland in the subsidence area. Through on-site review,the status of the wetland resources is explored,and wetland ecosystem of the region is analyzed. In this paper,the red line delimitation,functional zoning,overall layout and basic engineering planning and design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park are carried out. The planning and design of Suocao Bay Wetland Park mean to provide new support for ecological protection,accelerate the ecological restoration in Maoji Experimental Area,vigorously carry forward the wetland culture,and make it become an important wetland demonstration base in coal mine subsidence area.

Study on environmental impact of coal mining subsided water area in Huainan mining area

The subsided water areas with different times of subsidence are chosen to monitor the physicochemical indexes and heavy metal elements. The results indicate that subsided water areas are polluted in different degree. Some physicochemical indexes of subsided water areas are increased with the development of the subsidence and are changed with the changing of the season. The concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn of subsided water areas is less than national fishery, and surface water quality standards of China , except Hg. And the quality of subsided water hasn＇t been polluted by heavy metal seriously. Analyzing and appraising the quality of the subsided water can give a reasonable data as basis in using the subsided water resource.

Huainan Coal Mining Bureau

Huainan Coal Mining Bureau, aspecial large coal enterprise and astate key coal production base, issituated in central-north part of AnhuiProvince. The area, well-known as"the coal capital of East China",abounds in coal resources, and theproven coal reserve is estimated to beup to 70 billion tons with completevarieties and superior quality. By theyear of 2010, the annual productioncapacity will reach 30 million tons.There are excellent investmentenvironment and convenientcommunication and

Anhui Huainan Milk Product Company

The Yiyi brand milk series are theleading products of the Anhui Huainan MilkProduct Company. The predecessor of thecompany was a state-owned farm, whichwas set up in the 1950s, with a total area of2,734 hectares. The company has a completestructure covering agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry, fishery, industry andcommerce. Its agriculture has full waterconservancy facilities and an irrigationsystem for strong resistance to naturaldisasters. Its scientific and technologicalforces are strong too. Since 1989, its per unityield and total output have been listed on thetop level along the basin of Huai River. Animal husbandry. There are threelivestock farms with 3,000 head of milkcows, one third of the Anhui provincial total. Industry has some processing

安徽省两淮煤田废弃煤炭矿井剩余资源综合调查、开发利用现状及展望

随着去产能政策和能源供给侧改革的深入推进,安徽省两淮煤田先后关闭了大量资源枯竭、经济亏损、产能落后的煤炭矿井。本文在综合调查两淮煤田废弃煤炭矿井剩余资源潜力的基础上,梳理了两淮煤田废弃煤炭矿井资源开发利用现状,分析了当前面临的主要问题。研究结果表明:截至2023年底,两淮煤田63处废弃煤炭矿井剩余煤炭资源约24.33亿t、煤层气约102.83亿m^(3)、可利用地下空间约7383.80万m^(3)、天然焦约3.45亿t,此外还有丰富的矿井水、地热和土地等其他可利用资源,具有良好的资源开发利用潜力。虽然目前两淮煤田在废弃煤炭矿井煤层气、矿井水、土地和共伴生矿产等资源开发利用方面已取得了一定的经济效益与社会价值,但仍然面临基础资料缺失、管理体系不完善、资源开发利用模式单一和利用率低等一系列问题。针对上述主要问题,本文从信息化建设、基础理论研究和探索资源开发利用模式三个方面提出了建议与展望,以期加快开发利用两淮煤田废弃煤炭矿井资源,提高资源利用率。

淮南矿区1/3焦煤二次氧化煤样孔隙特性实验研究

采空区二次氧化煤样自然发火为煤矿安全生产带来了巨大隐患。以淮南矿业集团顾桥煤矿1/3焦煤为研究对象,利用实验研究的方法,系统研究了不同预氧化温度和预氧化时间对煤孔隙特性的影响,研究发现:新鲜煤样和不同预氧化处理煤样的等温吸附曲线均呈典型的第Ⅱ类等温吸附曲线;预氧化处理对煤中孔隙的影响主要集中在0.45~20 nm,其中,2~4 nm内微孔的数量和总孔容在减少,在4~20 nm内的孔隙的数量和总孔容则显著增大;煤样的比表面积随着预氧化温度的提升呈现出先增大后变小的趋势,并在70℃时达到最大值;预氧化处理后,孔径处于0.45~5.9 nm时,孔隙的数量和总孔容有较大的变化。研究成果可为采空区自然发火防控提供必要的科学理论支撑。

淮南矿区煤层顶板分段压裂水平井抽采技术及效果研究

淮南矿区为典型高瓦斯矿区,煤层碎软、渗透率低、瓦斯含量偏高、抽采难度大,为探讨地面煤层气顶板分段压裂水平井在矿区的技术可行性与瓦斯治理效果,在分析矿区主要煤层13-1煤储层特征基础上,采用应力解除法进行了煤层三向地应力测试,结果显示三向应力场类型主要为σ_(h,max)>σ_(v)>σ_(h,min),具有实施顶板分段压裂水平井技术的充分条件;利用MFrac Suite软件分别模拟了水平段距离煤层1、3、5 m时的压裂缝参数,压裂缝半长最大107.33 m、最小89.47 m,具有理想的压裂效果,说明顶板分段压裂水平井在淮南矿区具有比较好的地质适应性与可行性。以潘一煤矿13-1煤层“L”型顶板分段压裂水平井CBM01井为研究对象,采用井下钻孔检测与数值模拟等手段综合分析了瓦斯治理效果,结果显示CBM01井抽采415 d即显著降低了煤层瓦斯压力与瓦斯含量,距离水平井50、65 m处瓦斯压力由6.4 MPa分别降至2.6、2.7 MPa,降低幅度均超过55%,水平段两侧各15~20 m范围内瓦斯含量由13.5 m^(3)/t降至最大9.11 m^(3)/t、最小6.92 m^(3)/t,平均7.92 m^(3)/t,约10 m范围均降至8 m^(3)/t以下。最后,采用数值模拟方法预测了CBM01井抽采10 a的产气效果及瓦斯治理效果,气井抽采10 a累计产气约272.08×10^(4)m^(3),水平段倾向单侧约150 m范围内气含量均降至8 m^(3)/t以下、压力均降至3 MPa以下。综合研究结果表明,煤层顶板分段压裂水平井技术在淮南矿区瓦斯治理方面均具有较大的优势和应用效果。

分段多簇密切割压裂技术在淮南矿区煤层气抽采中的应用

针对淮南矿区碎软低渗煤层瓦斯抽采技术难题,以13-1煤层为例,在分析煤层及其顶底板概况的基础上,采用煤层顶板分段压裂水平井技术,充分利用水平井水平段,单段分3簇射孔,簇间距25 m,实现分段多簇密切割体积压裂改造。微地震监测结果表明,单段裂缝长度102.5~211.4 m,缝高17.3~27 m,裂缝主体向下延伸,实现了井筒与煤层的沟通。排水采气效果表明,最高产气量1519 m^(3)/d,取得了良好的产气效果。研究成果为淮南矿区煤层气地面预抽和瓦斯区域治理提供了工程借鉴。

淮南矿区强采动影响下煤巷锚网安全支护与围岩控制技术

淮南矿区近年来逐步进入深部开采,围岩应力高、环境复杂、软弱破碎、稳定性差、变形剧烈等工程技术难题日益突出,传统支护技术的局限性日显露,因此本研究基于淮南矿区潘三矿深井地质条件,采用理论分析、数值模拟、工业性实验、现场实测等方法针对深部强采动影响下煤巷围岩控制难题开展系统深入研究,分析了淮南矿区深部强采动煤巷围岩赋存特征,主要为埋深大、岩性变化大、巷道断面大、复合顶板较多、煤体强度较低等问题,根据淮南矿区煤巷围岩赋存特征分析了深部强采动煤巷控制技术难点;针对淮南矿区深部强采动煤巷围岩控制技术难点,建立了“应力优化-围岩改性-锚固强化”一体化协同控制技术体系,创新了“切顶卸压—注浆加固-厚锚固层强化”一体化围岩控制技术;在2121(3)运输巷道开展了工业试验,巷道回采期间运输巷道两帮最大累积变形量为436.6 mm,底板累积最大相对位移量约为390.1 mm,小于原支护方式下变形量的50%;2121(3)运输巷道顶板浅部岩层1.5~1.8 m范围存在离层和裂隙发育,深部顶板岩层完整性较好,具有较好的承载性能,可以较好的维护巷道稳定性,验证了该技术体系在深部强动压煤巷围岩稳定控制上具有较好的维控效果。