Spatio-temporal Evolution of the Rural Regional System and Its Evolution Mechanism in Huang-Huai-Hai Area of China

The problem of rural development arises from the evolution of rural regional system.It is urgent to deepen the research on the evolution process and mechanism of rural regional system.However,there are relatively few studies on rural development from the perspective of the evolution process,driving mechanism and evolution mechanism of rural regional system.Therefore,this study took Huang-Huai-Hai Area for example,started with the systematicness of the rural regional system,the spatio-temporal pattern and driving mechanism of rural regional system evolution,and further summarized and refined the evolution mechanism of the rural regional system.The methods of spatial pattern analysis,gray correlation degree and geographical detection were adopted.The results showed that the problems in rural areas were often dominated by one factor and produced by the joint action of many factors.Factors such as county urbanization,county economy,county public service,agricultural mechanization,surrounding cities and convenient transportation will affect the evolution of rural regional systems.Based on the evolution of the elements in the rural regional system,the evolution types of rural regional system can be divided into decline type,equilibrium type and growth type.This study can provide a reference for understanding the process of rural rise and fall and can also guide rural revitalization and rural sustainable development.

Nature-Resource Potential of the Carpathian Region of Ukraine and Specificities of Its Use by Farming Enterprises

Method of nature-resource potential cost revaluation is suggested. The method proceeds from natural crop yield of Ukrainian lands provided that crops rotation is observed and lands are operated only mechanically with the use of no fertilizer. Nature-resource potential of Ukraine and its Carpathian Region are assessed in the aspect of administrative oblasts. Specificities of nature-resource potential’s use by farming enterprises are characterized. Peculiarities that effected upon formation of farming in Ukraine are reviewed. Indices of land availability are presented.

A comparison between different ecological de-farming modes in the loess hilly-gully region in China

The eco-environmental restoration has been a chief task of the western development strategies carried out by the central and local governments of China since the late 1990s, and the ecological de-farming has been regarded as a powerful measure for the ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. "Relieving and de-farming" (RD) and "rebuilding terrace and de-farming" (RTD) are two more mature ones among various de-farming modes. Taking the loess hilly-gully region as a case, this paper summarized the basic characteristics of RD and RTD modes, calculated the sizes of de-farming slope farmland, rebuilt terraces, enlarged garden plots and restored vegetation, and compared the differences of two modes in terms of de-farming area, ecological reestablishment index, investment demand amount and benefits. The results showed that RTD mode has many advantages, including suitable investment, sufficient grain supply and great benefits, and will be the best ecological reestablishment mode in the loess hilly-gully region, and RD mode which is being carried out in this region should be replaced by RTD mode as soon as possible.

Evaluation of Soil Quality under Cocoa Trees in the Marahoué Region (Central-Western Côte d’Ivoire)

This study, which assesses the quality of soils under cocoa trees in the Marahoué region of Côte d’Ivoire, is being carried out against a backdrop of declining crop yields due to a number of factors, including the loss of soil fertility. The aim was to identify homogeneous groups of soils in terms of fertility and propose sustainable management methods for each group. The study was carried out on twenty-four cocoa orchards belonging to the SCOOP KAPATCHIVA cooperative, spread over eight sectors. A morphological characterisation of the soils was carried out in the field, followed by physico-chemical laboratory analyses of soil samples taken in the field. Soil fertility was analyzed on the basis of these two groups of data. The results showed that soil depths were generally high, except in some high altitude areas, where soils were often enriched in ferromagnesian elements and compacted. The texture of the soils varied between loamy and sandy-loamy, influencing cocoa production. Indeed, the soils of the plots with high production were looser and without ferromagnesian concretions, while those of the plots with low production were more gravelly and compact. Biological activity in the upper soil layer (0 - 30 cm) was notable with an abundance of termites and earthworms. The organic matter and nitrogen content varies considerably between sectors, directly impacting soil fertility. The soils were slightly acidic and showed significant differences in the levels of exchangeable magnesium and potassium, and not at all for phosphorus which appeared at very low doses. Chemical analysis also revealed that nutrient balance was a key factor in orchard productivity, with varying ratios of calcium, magnesium and potassium. Knowledge of these results made it possible to make recommendations for soil management with a view to improving cocoa yields in the study area.

How Does the Agricultural Ecosystem Productivity Respond to Climate Fluctuations in the Northern Farming-pastoral Region?

Using meteorological data and mathematical statistics analysis,we take Jungar Banner in the northern farming-pastoral region of China for example,to analyze the fluctuations in the precipitation and average temperature in Jungar Banner during the period 1961-2009.We calculate the NPP of agricultural ecosystem and climatic yield of the main crops in the region during the period 1961-2009,and expound the response of agricultural ecosystem productivity to climate fluctuations in Jungar Banner.Indubitably the climate changes impose great effects on the structure and function of regional ecosystem,and there is a need to take a number of measures to minimize the detrimental effects of climate changes on climatic yield of the main crops.

Planning Method of Eco-environment Restoration Based on Enlarging Terrace and De-farming in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Yangou Catchment

After expatiating the guiding ideology,contents,standards and principles of eco-environment restoration based on enlarging terrace and de-farming,this paper discussed the planning method and technical flow of enlarging terrace and garden plot in a small catchment of loess hilly region by means of GIS spatial analysis technology,and then the planning method was applied in Yangou catchment.The result showed that it is practicabl,and the areas of newly-built terrace and garden plot in Yangou catchment are at least 295.06 and 4.61 hm2,so that the areas of basic farmland and garden plot reach 359.23 and 622.69 hm2.After the land use structure is regulated,the forest coverage is 48.87%,and the permanent vegetation coverage is about 75% in Yangou catchment,while sediment reduction benefit is above 80% in slope land.In agricultural development,Yangou catchment can yield 1 645.13 tons of food supplies,above 9 340 tons of apples,and can feed 7 500 sheep every year.

区域经济发展Data Farming决策支持技术及其应用

为解决现有的决策支持技术不能解决的区域经济历史数据稀少的问题,提出了区域经济发展Data Farming决策支持技术。所提出的技术采用基于智能体仿真的Data Farming技术,对参数空间进行遍历搜索,以利用各个参数值对应的仿真结果来获取大量的数据,使决策者可以有效地识别到系统的最优控制值,并了解在控制值下的系统风险性。最后,以江门市社会消费品零售总额的控制优化为例,说明了该技术的有效性。

Systems of Agriculture Farming in the Uttranchal Himalaya, India

Agricultural practices are the main stay of the people of Uttranchal. Out of the total population, more than 75% people are engaged either with the main occupation of agriculture or its allied practices, dominated by traditional subsistence cereal farming. Among them, the main crops are rice, wheat, millet, barley, all types of pulses, all types of oilseeds and almost all types of fruits. The crops, vegetables and fruits of all varieties are grown in the different climatic zones such as tropical, temperate, and cold because, the region is characterized by the different altitudinal zones elevated from 200 m to more than 8000m. As a result, different climates are found from hot tropical to sub temperate and chilly cold. Pulses varieties are grown extensively. Among vegetables, potato, onion, carrot, all types of green leaf vegetables, brinzal, pumpkin, ladyfinger, pea, gram, radish, ginger, garlic, etc, are grown widely. All fruit varieties are grown in the different altitudinal zones. The main fruits are orange, malta (a big size of orange), elephant citrus, lemon and all other types of citrus, apple, stone fruits including peach and pears, many kinds of nuts, and the fruits which are grown in the low lying areas. In spite of feasible climatic conditions, agricultural dominant society, and availability of all types of crops, the production and productivity of these crops are very low, even they are unable to meet the grain-need of the people in Uttaranchal. Agricultural crops are grown almost in all the altitudinal zones — from the low-lying areas, which are called ‘Gangarh’, to the highly elevated region, where the legendary term is given as ‘Danda’. The growing seasons vary according to the heights. The present paper aims to discuss the agricultural practices including cropping season, cropping pattern, land use, production of crops and ecological aspect of agricultural system in this Himalayan state and suggest some measures for developing farming system, which could lead the sustainability, in terms of meeting the food grain needs of the people on the one hand and restoring the ecological balance on the other.

Influencing Factors on Farming System Development in Shandong Province

The developmental situation of the farming system in Shandong Province is introduced.At present,Shandong Province is at the semi-intensive,semi-commercial and semi-sufficiency level of farming system.Eastern coast and central Shandong agricultural zones are moving in the direction of modern farming system,having formed a preliminary new pattern of the coordinated development of grain,feedstuff,economic and other crops.Influencing factors on the development of farming system in Shandong Province is analyzed,which are agricultural production condition and input level,population and food,policy measures,development of natural resources and regions,agricultural industrialization and urbanization level,and scientific and technological level.Total population will be within 100 million at the year 2020;per capita annual share of grain will be 475 kilograms;and there is great pressure on grain production.Therefore,we must change the pattern of agricultural development and accelerate the establishment of modern farming system.Agricultural machinery,water conservancy projects,and chemical fertilizer application have greatly affected the development of farming system.Improvement of production conditions has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure,increased the planting ratio of winter wheat-summer maize,and improved multiple-cropping index.Development of agricultural industrialization has promoted the transfer of rural labor force and the establishment of modern farming system;while the unbalanced development of cities has restricted the establishment of modern farming system.Therefore,the appropriate policy,scientific and rational regional distribution,and advanced science and technology can help to set up the modern farming system in Shandong Province.

热带地区猪场媒介生物综合防控措施

热带地区气候与其他类型气候条件有很大的区别。热带地区气候具有高温、高湿、降雨充沛、气温变化小和季风影响明显等特点,这些特点给媒介生物的生存和繁衍带来十分有利的条件,给猪场的媒介生物防控工作带来了巨大的挑战。文章介绍了几种热带地区猪场媒介生物防控的方法,包括环境治理、物理防治、化学防治和生物防治等方法。实践生产应用表明,多种方法联合使用将有助于提高猪场媒介生物的防控水平,减少因为媒介生物传染病带来的损失。

湖北省南漳县中小规模猪场非洲猪瘟防控联合体探索实践

非洲猪瘟(ASF)对养猪业构成了严重威胁,是全球范围内养猪业面临的主要问题。为有效防控ASF,以湖北省南漳县ASF防控联合体建设为例,探索中小规模猪场的ASF防控新模式。该模式遵循“政府引导、业主自建、行业监管、专家指导”的防控联合体建设原则,以及加强监测预警、强化防控措施、创建合作机制的防控总体规划,利用地理优势和天然屏障,规划出疫病连片防控区,由政府引导中小规模生猪养殖场户组建ASF防控联合体。由政府出资在县界高速、国道、省道等入口处,建设畜禽车辆一级洗消中心,再由联合体成员共同出资在防控区内建设二级洗消中心。防控联合体内,统一防控策略,统一原料及生猪采购,统一防控管理,统一技术指导。防控联合体建设使南漳县ASF防控水平得到了提升,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。该防控联合体模式具有较好的应用推广前景,为中小规模猪场ASF防控和拓宽ASF无疫小区建设提供了新的工作思路。

基于BIM技术寒冷地区近零能耗农宅技术经济分析

随着“双碳”目标的提出,观念从节能减排、低碳环保提升到近零能耗建筑的建设,近零能耗建筑一词也正式进入我们的视野里,针对于寒冷地区高耗能、高排放的现状,发展推进近零能耗建筑已经成为必然趋势,根据实例运用BIM技术进行近零能耗农宅Revit建模,运用Mars进行渲染,对应项目进行节能技术分析,导入广联达软件进行工程算量计价,从而对普通农宅和近零能耗农宅的保温系统、门窗工程、太阳能系统和新风系统进行经济造价对比分析,为在寒冷地区建设近零能耗农宅提供数据支持和帮助。

互联网发展与农户共同富裕:效应与差异分析

基于CFPS 2020年数据,采用熵值法从经济水平、医疗健康、教育水平、精神富裕、生活保障等5个维度测算了农户共同富裕水平,实证检验了互联网发展对农户共同富裕的影响。结果表明:(1)互联网发展对农户共同富裕具有显著正向影响,对农户共同富裕的实现起到了“助推器”的作用;(2)互联网发展对共同富裕的5个维度具有差异化影响,其中在经济水平、教育水平、精神富裕和生活保障等维度呈现出不同程度的正向影响,但对医疗健康维度无显著影响;(3)互联网发展对农户共同富裕水平呈现出多分位先增后减及区域差异化的促进效应,且对非农就业农户共同富裕水平的促进效应更加明显。研究结论可为后续利用数字技术实现共同富裕提供一定的参考。

考虑不同约束区间的风电场布局分级优化

为了提高风电场布局优化中尾流模型预测精度,以便能够较好预测风机安装台数和最大限度降低度电成本,本文基于改进三维尾流模型,考虑风力机处于不同约束区间,采用分级优化策略对2 km×2 km风电场进行精确布局优化。首先,利用网格法对风电场进行第一阶优化;其次,考虑不同约束区间,采用坐标法对第一级优化结果进行第二阶优化。研究表明:与Jensen尾流模型相比,改进后的三维尾流模型可以更合理地优化风电场布局;考虑收敛速度及度电成本,当约束区域为l_(imit)=150、200 m时,第二阶算法迭代速度较快,优化后其度电成本为0.8498/W,相比第一阶优化结果,降低了3.33%。

寒地规模化奶牛场环境智能清洁装备的研究

针对目前奶牛场清洁粪便设备现状进行分析,根据寒地地域特点对现有清洁设备进行技术升级,研究出一种新型奶牛场环境清洁装备,在大型奶牛场安装调试后,清洁效果显著,文中介绍了该装备的结构特点及工作原理、关键部件的研究过程。该装备是奶牛场实现机械化清洁的有效途径,并为奶牛场数字化升级提供技术参考。

旱作区农田土壤AM真菌对长期有机无机施肥的响应

AM真菌群落动态变化对于长期有效的土壤生态系统管理非常重要。为揭示旱作区农田土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对长期有机、无机培肥管理的响应机制,利用单因素随机区组设计,基于连续11年的定位试验及高通量测序方法,研究了不施肥(T0)、长期单施化肥(T1)、长期化肥与牛粪有机肥(T2)和长期化肥与羊粪有机肥(T3)对土壤的影响,比较了土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性间的差异,探究了驱动土壤AM真菌群落组成及多样性变化的土壤环境因子及其相互作用效应。结果表明:随培肥时间延长,与T0处理相比,T2、T3处理的土壤全氮、有机质含量显著增加,pH显著下降(P<0.05);与2018年相比,2021年的T0、T1和T3处理土壤全磷和速效钾含量显著下降。有机无机肥配施下,球囊霉属(Glomus)和类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)是土壤AM真菌的优势属,但近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)的相对丰度显著下降,从优势属变为非优势属。近明球囊霉属较球囊霉属和类球囊霉属相对丰度而言,更容易受长期培肥影响而发生显著改变。连续有机无机肥配施到2018年后,T2、T3处理的土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属(Ambispora)的相对丰度与T0间有显著差异(P<0.05);培肥至2021年后,T2、T3处理土壤近明球囊霉属和两性球囊霉属的相对丰度与T0处理间无显著差异。随培肥时间延长,不同处理间土壤AM真菌群落的α多样性差异消失。NMDS分析结果表明:长期培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落的β多样性,但T2与T3处理间土壤AM真菌群落相似性较一致。连续培肥改变了土壤AM真菌群落结构组成和多样性,驱动AM真菌群落变化的土壤环境因子由土壤全氮、pH转变为土壤全磷。长期有机无机培肥没有同步提升土壤全磷、速效钾等主要理化性状。随培肥年限增加,驱动土壤AM真菌群落结构和多样性变化的土壤因子发生了显著改变,AM真菌群落会随土壤环境因子的变化倾向于更加敏感的驱动因子。

湿陷性黄土地区风电场岩土工程勘察技术要点分析

为保障湿陷性黄土地区风电场建设的顺利进行,岩土工程勘察必须要保证具有较高的准确性和科学性。针对某风电勘察项目,采取了工程地质调查、钻探、探井、室内土工试验等多种技术方法,对岩土层的参数进行统计及选用,并进行黄土湿陷性评价,从而在此基础上对后续的设计施工提出建议,也为相关地区的项目建设工作提供参考依据。

区域地质构造对高海拔山地风电场建设的影响

针对甘肃岷县高海拔山区某风电场地质构造稳定性较差,且近场址区有活断层存在,地震活动较为频繁,地质构造作用引起的地质灾害、造成的基岩差异性风化、裂隙较为发育等工程地质问题,为确保风电场建设质量及风电机组的运行安全性,在勘察阶段查明这些问题,对风电场建设过程中的选址、基础选型、地基处理等做到有的放矢,设计合理、处理方案得当,以减少由于设计变更造成的时间及施工成本上的浪费,做到经济适用。

区域风电场群集中式功率预测系统设计

为实现对区域风电场群集中式功率的准确预测,提出并设计了一种适应性强、维度高的预测模型。首先,通过AHP分析法发现影响区域风电场群集中式功率预测系统的五个必要因子;然后,构建预测评估模型得到其设计附加值的数据构建状态空间模型;接着,将该状态空间模型在人工智能的数据空间中进行部署并加以神经网络训练;最后,对这一预测系统模型进行实证验证,发现其数据吻合度较高。该预测模型可以用于对区域风电场群集中式功率进行预测,具有较广泛的应用价值。

基于地域空间构建中国传统风景园林体系

地域空间是传统风景园林形成的第一要素,也是风景园林学关注的基本点。当下中国风景园林学的视野与实践早已超越以往园林史的论述范畴,因此有必要回归初始,参照地理学概念,结合史学新理论,重新诠释历史中的风景园林。事实与文献表明,中国传统风景园林存在着三大体系,即农耕传统体系、游牧传统体系与高寒传统体系。每个体系都有着各自的环境认知、营造手法与游览方式,以及大、中、小3个尺度的空间形态。蒙元之后三大体系交流日趋频繁,各有取舍兴衰。以三体系三尺度的结构进行梳理,可以更全面地认知中国风景园林本质,支持学科建设与实践工作。