Effects of Algae in Tufa Landscapes of Huanglong Scenic Area

Algae play a crucial role in the evolution of earth and life on earth,and also the cycle of matter.With its unique physiological and ecological properties and strong reproductive capacity,algae deeply influence the formation and development of karst.During the formation of tufa landscapes in Huanglong Scenic Area,the coloration,precipitation and corrosion of algae acting on tufa always concordantly exist.The algae living in water add gay colors to the tufa landscapes.The carbonate precipitation facilitated by algae is an important biological cause of the formation of tufa.As the external environmental conditions change,for instance,the shortage of karst water in tufa landscapes,the coloration and powerful corrosion of algae will stand out,which will badly affect the development and visual value of tufa landscapes.By studying the functions of algae in the tufa landscapes of Huanglong Scenic Area,this research was to provide scientific basis for the future study and protection of tufa landscapes.

Depositional System of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation,Eastern Sichuan Basin:Constraints from Sedimentology and Geochemistry

Using analyses of the lithology,sequences,paleoenvironment,and tectonic setting,the depositional system of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was identified.The lithological characteristics of the Lower Member,Middle Member,and Upper Member were analyzed and classified.Before the use of carbon,oxygen,and strontium isotopes in the analysis,all of the geochemical data were tested for validity.On the basis of the Z values obtained from carbon and oxygen isotopes,the paleoenvironments of the three members were elucidated.Lower Member was dominantly an enclosed marine environment with intense evaporation and little freshwater input into the sea.Middle Member developed in a semi-enclosed to normal marine environment with many rivers.Upper Member was formed in a normal marine environment.The east Sichuan Basin was enclosed by paleouplifts before the deposition of the Huanglong Formation,forming a relatively enclosed depositional setting.Paleogullies developed in the Silurian strata that underlie the Carboniferous rocks;these paleogullies can be identified.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis,we propose that the Huanglong Formation developed in a platform system.Four microfacies were identified：supratidal flat,dolostone flat,grain shoal,and shelf microfacies.The high-permeability and high-porosity characteristics of the grain shoal microfacies are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation,while the supratidal flat and shelf microfacies developed very few high-quality reservoirs.The paleogullies,in which increased amounts of grain shoal microfacies developed,controlled the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.

The Lowest Boundary Age of Travertine in Dawanzhangjia Ravine, Huanglong, China

Objective One of major challenges in paleoenvironmental reconstruction using travertine in the Huanglong area is whether one can accurately determinate the age of travertine through high-precision and high-resolution dating techniques. Previous works of 14C or ESR chronology, however, have shown that the variation of deposition ages of travertine was displayed inconsistent with each other even conflict. For instance, （1） The oldest travertine age （80 ka） located in the middle of this travertine succession is departure from sequential deposition; （2） Top or boundary ages in this sedimentary section, even with the same dating method （14C）, are three times errors, moreover, the age of the depositional sequence is not continuous. We report here the U230Th ages in lowest boundary of travertine in Dawanzhangjia Valley, Huanglong, China, to discuss the effectiveness of U-series dating for cold-water travertine and the significance of age for vicissitude of paleoenvironment.

Geochemical characteristics and diagenetic fluids of dolomite reservoirs in the Huanglong Formation, Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

Based on a comprehensive study of texture,diagenetic behavior and evolution of dolomite in the Huanglong Formation,trace （e.g.,Fe,Mn and Sr） and rare earth element （REE） geochemistry,andisotopic characteristics （e.g.,C,O and Sr）,four types of diagenetic fluids are identified in the Huanglong Formation dolomite reservoirs of the Eastern Sichuan Basin,China：1）：marine-derived pore waters in the marine diagenetic environment,2） sabkha compaction brine conserved in the early shallowburied diagenetic environment,3） strongly-oxidizing low-temperature meteoric water in the seepagesubsurface flow diagenetic environment,and 4） strongly reducing deeply seated mixed hot brine in the middle and deep burial diagenetic environment.The fluids developed hereditarily from one environment to another,which resulted in its respective characteristics.Fluid characteristics play an important role in the development of dolomite reservoirs：1） dolomitization by marine-derived pore water in the quasisyngenetic stage did not form an effective reservoir; 2） early diagenetic burial dolomitization by the sabkha compaction brine formed the basis for reservoir development; 3） meteoric water karstification in the paleo-epidiagenetic stage expanded both the distribution and the size of the reservoirs,and improved the reservoir quality; 4） deep-burial dissolution and tectonic fracturing in the reburial diagenetic stage further improved reservoir porosity and permeability.

The Origin of Paleokarst in the Huanglong Formation of the Eastern Sichuan Basin:Evidence from δ^(13)C, δ^(18)O and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr

Karst rocks from the Huanglong Formation exposed at the margin of the Eastern Sichuan Basin can be divided into four types：slightly corroded, moderately corroded porous, intensely corroded brecciated and intensely corroded and replaced secondary calcic karstic rocks. The carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of the various karst rocks are analyzed systematically and compared to rocks without karst corrosion. The results indicate that（1） the Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was a restricted bay supplied and controlled by freshwater in which mudmicrite and mud-dolomicrite exhibit low δ13C and δ18O values and high 87Sr/86 Sr ratios;（2） all types of karstic rocks in the paleokarst reservoirs of the Huanglong Formation in the research area are affected by atmospheric freshwater with the δ13C and δ18O values and 87Sr/86 Sr ratios in the original formation approaching those of atmospheric freshwater, which reflects ancient hydrological conditions, fluid properties, isotopic source and the fractionation effect;（3） the intensely corroded and replaced secondary limestone is affected by a variety of diagenetic fluids, often reflected by δ13C and δ18O values, while the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios exhibit the strong degree of the corrosion;（4） after comparing the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios of each type of karst rock, the diagenetic fluids are determined to be mainly atmospheric freshwater, and depending on the strength of corrosion, and the low 87Sr/86 Sr ratio fluids in the layer will participate in the karst process. The carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes of different karstic reservoirs can provide meaningful geochemical information for forecasting and evaluating the development and distribution rules of the Huanglong Formation at the margin of the eastern Sichuan Basin in time and space.

Beautiful scenery of Huanglong

Huanglong is located between 103°44′ -104°3′ Lon. W. of Greenwich, and 32°41′-32°54′ Lat. N. of the Equator, in Sichuan Province, China. It is a neighbor of world-famous Jiuzhaigou, with an area of 40,000 hectares. The karst landscape of Huanglong is spectacular, with over 3,400 multicolored pools reflecting surrounding peaks, trees and waterfalls in an unending scroll. The 3.5-kilometer yellow-sand road is like a golden dragon flying up the snowy mountain, and from a distance the colored pools look like dragon scales. So, it is called

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area

SITUATED in the northwestern part of Sichuan Province, Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area is renowned for its beautiful mountainous scenery, with relatively undisturbed and highly diverse forest ecosystems.

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部黄龙背斜的构造几何学与运动学

研究克拉通内构造变形对于揭示克拉通的构造属性具有重要意义,对于油气勘探也具有重要的参考价值。本文应用钻井与高精度反射地震资料,剖析了鄂尔多斯盆地东南部黄龙背斜的构造几何学与运动学特征。研究表明,黄龙背斜发育在渭北隆起东端,是一长18 km、宽15 km的短轴状背斜,地层起伏幅度达200 ms;黄龙背斜自长城系往上至三叠系均具有相似的背斜形态;它是在燕山期基底断层复活而形成的断层传播褶皱背斜;黄龙背斜区内东西向与南北向剖面控制的缩短分别为70 m和90 m,缩短量较小,指示该部位处于燕山期冲断变形的前锋部位,变形即将终止。黄龙背斜响应于周缘构造边界挤压作用,是克拉通内部的基底正断层反转而在沉积盖层形成的褶皱背斜,因地层能干性差异发生了分层剪切。黄龙背斜是一个有利的天然气勘探目标。

四川盆地东部上石炭统黄龙组规模储层形成主控因素与发育模式

石炭系黄龙组是四川盆地东部地区(以下简称川东地区)重要的天然气产层之一,石炭系储层是控制气藏发育的关键因素。为了深入评价川东地区黄龙组储层,拓展勘探新领域,寻找接替区,在前人研究的基础上,应用大量钻井、岩心、露头和分析化验等资料,系统研究了黄龙组储层发育的主控因素和发育模式,并预测规模储层的展布。研究结果表明:(1)黄龙组储集岩主要为颗粒白云岩、角砾白云岩和晶粒白云岩,储集空间主要为晶间孔/晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔/粒内溶孔、溶洞和裂缝,颗粒滩为有利储集体,裂缝-溶蚀孔洞型储层质量好;(2)储层发育主要受乐山—龙女寺古隆起和开江古隆起、沉积作用及成岩作用的共同控制,古隆起控制颗粒滩分布和准同生期成岩作用,是规模成储的基础,准同生期白云石化作用、层间岩溶和风化壳岩溶作用的叠加是形成规模储层的关键,喜马拉雅构造运动产生大量构造裂缝,提高了储层的渗滤性和规模性;(3)一定厚度和较大面积的Ⅰ—Ⅲ类储层可形成规模储层区,对5个规模储层发育区进行了评价,已发现气藏主要分布在这5个区域的背斜构造部位。结论认为,川东地区石炭系仍有较大的天然气勘探开发潜力,向斜区发育大面积的规模储层,是下一步天然气增储上产的重要方向。

低阶煤不同宏观煤岩组分孔隙发育特征及甲烷吸附/解吸性能差异

目的针对煤储层非均质性较强,不同宏观煤岩组分由于物质成分和孔隙结构差异导致煤层气吸附解吸性能和气水运移特征迥异的问题,方法以黄陇煤田彬长矿区延安组低阶煤为研究对象,采集并分离镜煤和暗煤组分,综合运用显微组分测定、元素分析、压汞、低温液氮吸附、吸附解吸试验等测试方法,研究低阶镜煤和暗煤的孔隙发育特征差异和对甲烷吸附/解吸性能的影响。结果结果表明:(1)镜煤的镜质组质量分数、挥发分及H,O,N,S元素质量分数高于暗煤的,而惰质组、壳质组、矿物、灰分、固定碳和C元素质量分数低于暗煤的。(2)煤样孔隙度为2.92%~10.29%,总体孔隙较发育,暗煤孔隙度略高于镜煤的,孔喉更粗,大孔更发育,连通性更好。镜煤BET比表面积和BJH总孔容均略大于暗煤的,微孔更发育,且多以半封闭型和墨水瓶型孔隙为主。(3)镜煤微小孔更发育,比表面积更大,吸附能力更强。结论煤中甲烷吸附/解吸过程普遍存在解吸滞后现象,暗煤孔隙连通性相对较好,解吸滞后程度低于镜煤的,理论解吸效率高于镜煤的。研究结果可为彬长矿区低阶煤煤层气储层物性认识提供参考。

高寒岩溶土壤微生物群落组成及其多样性

高寒岩溶是四川黄龙风景区独特的地质特征。为分析高寒岩溶区土壤微生物群落组成特征与土壤理化性质间的相关性,以黄龙风景区土壤为研究对象,对土壤细菌的16SrRNA基因序列和真菌ITS序列进行高通量测序。结果表明:不同岩溶区的土壤细菌多样性和丰富度具有显著差异,但土壤真菌差异不显著,且土壤细菌群落占主导地位;细菌群落以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为主;真菌群落以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主,真菌在门和属水平的差异较大。冗余分析发现总磷和温度是黄龙风景区土壤微生物群落结构变化的重要环境因子,pH是第二重要的环境因子。

四川黄龙高山柳灌丛区钙华彩池地表水渗漏机制探究

近年来,黄龙世界自然遗产地部分钙华景观群出现了程度不同的退化,其中地表水强渗漏及黑化、沙化等问题在高山柳灌丛密集分布区呈规模化出现,但是灌丛扩张和渗漏增强之间的关联机制尚未开展充分论证。为研究高山柳覆盖程度对钙华渗漏增强的影响,在黄龙上游映月彩池北部选取典型灌丛区彩池群,设置了4个灌丛盖度水平:无灌木(盖度<10%)、少灌木(盖度10%~30%)、多灌木(盖度30%~60%)、全灌木(盖度>60%),实施原位入渗试验测定渗漏强度,评估灌丛区钙华孔隙结构和渗透参数变化,对比非灌丛区天然渗漏强度,进而总结高山柳灌丛影响下的钙华地表水渗漏机制。结果表明:(1)钙华彩池渗漏强度随高山柳盖度增加而增强,当盖度超过60%后,渗漏强度发生显著变异,应与大孔隙快速导流有关;(2)灌丛区因受藻类活动、植物残体分解等因素影响形成多孔隙、孔洞新生钙华,造成天然渗漏强度高于非灌丛区;(3)高山柳灌木根系活动导致钙华松散、孔隙直径增大、有效孔隙度增加、渗透系数提升,地下水渗流增强引起钙华彩池整体地表水渗漏增强;(4)高山柳根系对钙华孔隙结构改造以根劈作用为基础,并伴有根系水溶液对钙华胶结物的溶蚀作用,使钙华趋向均匀松散化,高山柳灌丛区根系和藻类活动等主要控制了地表水的渗漏增强过程。研究成果对黄龙钙华自然遗产景观演化分析和保育具有一定的参考价值。

用于评价动物社交偏好程度的新方法

目的:利用一种改进的三箱社交装置评价动物的社交偏好程度,并探索该方法的可行性。方法:采用注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)大鼠作为社交障碍模型动物,以同源大鼠(WKY)大鼠和Wistar大鼠作为对照组,模型组采用治疗ADHD的临床常用中成药小儿黄龙颗粒(1.88 g/kg、3.75 g/kg)灌胃给药16 d。利用改进的三箱社交箱,以待测鼠在陌生鼠侧密切交流区的时间、频次、路程及相关比例作为行为学指标,检测该方法对社交行为评价的可行性。结果:与Wistar大鼠组比较,模型组大鼠与WKY组大鼠在密切交流区域及有陌生鼠侧区域的时间显著减少(P<0.01),其他指标如频次、路程及比例也均有不同程度减少,小儿黄龙颗粒两剂量均能增加模型大鼠上述各指标数值。结论:该方法能准确捕捉动物的社交行为特征,实现对动物社交偏好程度的全面、客观评价。

黄陇煤田典型特厚煤层综放开采涌水机理与导水裂隙带发育规律

黄陇侏罗纪煤田厚煤层开采导水裂隙带发育高度大,易导通上覆白垩系洛河组巨厚砂岩含水层,区内青岗坪煤矿回采期间出现典型的“脉冲式”涌水特征,给矿井的安全回采造成严重影响。以青岗坪煤矿42105综放工作面为研究对象,采用3DEC离散元模拟、钻孔冲洗液漏失量、综合物探以及钻孔电视相结合的实测方法,对工作面回采过程中覆岩导水裂隙带和离层发育规律进行研究,探究该典型地质条件下矿井的涌水机制与导水裂隙带发育特征。结果表明:42105工作面导水裂隙带受覆岩周期性垮落影响不断向上发育,洛河组孔裂隙砂岩静储水不断释放,间歇性涌入工作面,形成幅值稍低的“脉冲式”涌水;在采动影响下巨厚砂岩含水层内不断出现离层,导水裂隙带导通砂岩含水层离层积水区,致使涌入工作面的瞬时涌水量突增,形成幅值较高的“脉冲式”涌水。结合现场钻孔冲洗液漏失量实测、综合物探以及钻孔电视结果,揭示了青岗坪煤矿洛河组孔裂隙砂岩静储水与离层水叠加影响的“脉冲式”涌水机理,确定导水裂隙带的最大发育高度为316.83~333.00m,裂采比为30.17~31.71。研究结果对于类似地层条件下矿井涌水的防治和安全高效回采具有指导意义。

川东五百梯地区石炭系岩溶古地貌识别及储集意义

综合利用钻井、测井、岩心及地震资料,通过建立地震正演模型模拟、RGB分频融合技术及波形分类分析等手段,对川东五百梯地区石炭系岩溶古地貌进行了识别与刻画。研究结果表明:(1)川东五百梯地区石炭系遭受的岩溶作用强度自西向东逐渐变小,东南部石炭系原始沉积厚度更大,但残余厚度分布不均匀,主要为10~30 m;西北部地层厚度较小,为0~15 m。(2)研究区石炭系自西向东可识别出岩溶高地和岩溶斜坡2个二级地貌单元,岩溶斜坡可划分为残丘和浅洼2个三级地貌单元,再依据其差异溶蚀特征,可进一步划分为陡斜坡浅洼和缓斜坡浅洼,浅洼内发育残丘、暗河及落水洞。反射同相轴的上提和下拉特征、岩溶角砾岩的发育、地震层拉平剖面、RGB分频融合及波形变化特征等均可识别出岩溶古地貌的发育。(3)研究区石炭系各地貌单元的分布受构造控制,浅洼和残丘多以椭圆状或不规则长条状呈北西—南东向展布,暗河的展布与浅洼长轴方向一致;岩溶古地貌控制着地层厚度以及溶蚀孔洞的发育,残丘残余厚度较大,岩溶作用强,充填作用较弱,溶蚀孔洞较发育,储层平均孔隙度为4.34%;缓斜坡浅洼残余厚度较小,充填作用较强,溶蚀孔洞不发育,储层平均孔隙度为2.68%,而陡斜坡浅洼虽然残余厚度小,但因潜水位低、泄水能力强,溶蚀作用强而充填作用弱,储集空间发育,储层平均孔隙度为5.05%;缓斜坡和陡斜坡储层平均孔隙度分别为3.67%和3.31%,岩溶高地孔隙度最小,平均为2.51%。

黄-红色缅甸黄龙玉颜色和光谱特征的定量研究

利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪、电子探针X射线显微分析仪和X-Rite SP62手持式分光光度计对黄-红色缅甸黄龙玉样品进行了颜色特征、化学组成以及光谱学特征的研究,分析缅甸黄龙玉的颜色与光谱特性之间的定量关系。结果表明,缅甸黄龙玉主要由SiO_(2)组成,含少量Fe、Cu、Cr等过渡金属元素,属于隐晶质石英质玉。在CIE D65标准光源和N9孟塞尔中性背景下,缅甸黄龙玉的明度与色调角具有高度的相关性,Fe含量的变化对其明度和色调角具有显著影响。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱的一阶导数可以推断缅甸黄龙玉中针铁矿和赤铁矿的相对含量,且随着主波谷的位置向长波方向偏移,缅甸黄龙玉的颜色会从黄色调向红色调转变。

黄龙天然气田富氦地质条件与成藏模式

鄂尔多斯盆地具备富氦天然气地质条件,氦气资源潜力大,但对黄龙天然气田(以下简称黄龙气田)氦气地质条件、成藏过程和机制缺乏深入分析。基于文献调研、岩心录井、测井分析、天然气组分和同位素测试,评价了黄龙气田地质条件并建立了氦气成藏模式。结果表明:黄龙气田氦气含量整体呈现南高北低,南部氦气含量峰值为0.226%,北部氦气含量峰值为0.168%,氦气含量向东逐渐降低,向西降低较快;区内存在结晶变质基底和高铀钍元素丰度的泥岩层、铝土岩层,推测为潜在氦源岩层;基底断裂与分布广泛的逆断层及构造裂缝为氦气运移优势通道;丰富的地层水和孔隙水为氦气运移提供了载体;发育有泥岩、泥质碳酸盐岩、泥质硬石膏等封闭性良好的盖层,还存在具有高剩余压力的区域性盖层;氦气成藏模式为地下水脱氦聚集。

黄龙止咳颗粒联合布地奈德雾化治疗支气管哮喘患儿临床研究

目的:观察黄龙止咳颗粒联合布地奈德雾化治疗支气管哮喘患儿的临床疗效。方法:选择82例支气管哮喘患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组各41例。对照组予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上予黄龙止咳颗粒口服联合布地奈德雾化治疗。比较2组临床疗效、炎性因子及免疫功能指标。结果:治疗1周后,观察组总有效率92.68%,高于对照组78.05%(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候积分均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV_(1)/FVC均升高(P<0.05),对照组FEV_(1)/FVC升高(P<0.05),且观察组FEV_(1)、FVC及FEV_(1)/FVC高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均上升(P<0.05),CD8^(+)下降(P<0.05),且观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:黄龙止咳颗粒联合布地奈德雾化可有效减轻支气管哮喘患儿临床症状,改善肺功能,提高临床疗效,其机制可能与黄龙止咳颗粒能调节支气管哮喘患儿炎症反应及免疫应答,提高免疫功能有关。

高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带高度实测研究

为了查明煤层顶板导水裂隙发育规律,采用地面钻孔分段注水测试和钻孔窥视方法实测了高家堡井田204工作面和205工作面煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度。研究结果表明:(1)205工作面DT1钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为327.75 m,裂采比25.81。(2)204工作面DT2钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为197.85 m,裂采比35.33。(3)高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带实测结果丰富了黄陇煤田综放采煤覆岩破坏规律。

电针联合黄龙汤对脓毒症胃肠功能障碍的影响

目的 观察电针联合黄龙汤对脓毒症胃肠功能障碍的疗效研究。方法 选取2021年10月—2023年3月江西省中西医结合医院急诊科收入重症医学科的70例脓毒症急性胃肠功能障碍患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各35例。2组患者均予以西医常规治疗,治疗组予以电针联合黄龙汤鼻饲或者口服,比较APACHE II评分、AGI评分、炎性因子水平及临床疗效。结果 治疗后2组患者APACHE II评分、AGI评分、炎性因子PCT、hs-CRP、IL-6均较前降低,且治疗组显著低于对照组,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针联合黄龙汤对脓毒症胃肠功能障碍患者降低机体炎性反应,提高治疗有效率,具有较高的临床应用价值,值得推广。