Ecological risk assessment(ERA) is an indispensable method for systematic monitoring of World Heritage Sites(WHSs) exposed to various anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. Remote sensing(RS) and geographical in...Ecological risk assessment(ERA) is an indispensable method for systematic monitoring of World Heritage Sites(WHSs) exposed to various anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. Remote sensing(RS) and geographical information systems(GIS) can eliminate many limitations in traditional ERA methods. In this study, changes in ecological risk at Huangshan Mountain, the first mixed WHS in China, over the period of 1984–2019 were explored using remote sensing images and products by considering both natural disasters and human disturbance. Results show that of the four land cover types in Huangshan Mountain, namely water, forest, building and farmland, the main land cover type is forest. During the 35 yr, lands categorised at low or relatively low ecological risk levels are dominant in Huangshan Mountain, with the lowest and highest ERIs(ecological risk index) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The areas at the five ecological risk levels have declined as follows: relatively low > low > medium > relatively high > high. Changes in ecological risks are closely related to changes in land cover and natural disasters. Even though major natural disasters may affect the ecological risk level in the whole region, changes in land cover caused by human activities will shift the ecological risk level in some areas. Our attempts can be modified and applied to other sites, and offer policy implications for protection and preservation of WHSs.展开更多
One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean(VWM) pH for ...One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean(VWM) pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2-4and Ca2+were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO2-4]/[NO-3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.展开更多
The push-pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the tourist motivation. This paper takes the world heritage-Huangshan Mountain as a sample. From the two different aspects of pull and push factors, the...The push-pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the tourist motivation. This paper takes the world heritage-Huangshan Mountain as a sample. From the two different aspects of pull and push factors, the underlying features of visitors′ motives to Huangshan Mountain are analyzed with the help of factor analysis. As a result, five push factors and four pull factors are identified. Further analyses investigate differences in the push and pull factors among different socio-demographic subgroups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The result of the study affords us useful references for development, protection and marketing expansion of mountain resorts.展开更多
The Huangshan Mountain Geopark is an important geological landmark and tourist attraction.In this paper,we apply fission track dating to examine the uplift and exhumation processes that created the Huangshan Mountains...The Huangshan Mountain Geopark is an important geological landmark and tourist attraction.In this paper,we apply fission track dating to examine the uplift and exhumation processes that created the Huangshan Mountains and provide a timeline for their development.In addition to being an important scientific contribution,this information can be used on guided tours and to promote tourism.The results of eight apatite fission-track analyses suggest three age groups:56,45-30,and 15 Ma.These age groups are related to the uplifting-erosion processes involved in forming ancient multilevel denudation planes at 85-50,45-30,and 24-5 Ma,respectively.The scenic area has experienced three stages of thermal evolution.The first stage occurred before 80 Ma and the third stage after 13 Ma.The three stages had varying cooling rates:2.69,0.62,and 4.23°C/Ma,respectively.Uplifting rates also varied:0.08,0.02,and 0.12 mm/a.The uplifting ranges were also variable:1.14,1.57,and 4.00 km,respectively.Significant uplifting differences between diverse areas are obvious and there were four magnitudes of cumulative uplifting range:4060-3950,3760-3490,3190-3070,and 2650 m.The surface uplifting range varied from 450 to 2230 m.Denudation and uplifting amount averaged 2340 and 3400 m,respectively.The 1060 m difference between them is the average elevation at present.展开更多
The data of Fe3+ /Fe2+ show that the lowest annual air temperature of the Lushan,Huangshan and Tianmu mountains was not below 0℃, therefore, glacier couldn’t develop in there regions. According to palaeomagnetic tes...The data of Fe3+ /Fe2+ show that the lowest annual air temperature of the Lushan,Huangshan and Tianmu mountains was not below 0℃, therefore, glacier couldn’t develop in there regions. According to palaeomagnetic test combined with the phenomenon of reticulate pattern ground and lithologic identification, the authors elaborate that the “Poyang moraine” is mainly the fluvial sediments of the early period of the Middle Pleistocene. It was formed by transposition of the ancient Ganjiang River under the humid hot climate. For CM image, the Dajiaochang profile of the Lushan Mountain is very similar to periglacial and the debris flow deposits, but the profile of Jiangpochang and Yaoshaling have many kinds of geneses, i. e., debris flow, water debris flow and alluvial etc. In the south piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain, slope gravity and slope seasonal running water transportantion are mainly deposit factors. In the “glacial varve” of the Denglongqiao profile of the Tianmu Mountain, its CaO and Na2O content is lower than the nonglacial varve, the fact shows that it has the features of the violent leaching, weathering and nonglacial action.展开更多
Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) is located in southern part of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The highest Lotus Flower peak is 1864 m above sea level. Formative ages of the Huangshan and its granite,process of mo...Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) is located in southern part of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The highest Lotus Flower peak is 1864 m above sea level. Formative ages of the Huangshan and its granite,process of mountain geomorphic evolution from the Eocene to Quaternary,environmental changes of Quaternary, formative origin of beautiful peaks and fascinating rocks were studied and the questionable "Pleistocene glaciation" was also discussed in this paper.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFC1521903)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFD1100104)。
文摘Ecological risk assessment(ERA) is an indispensable method for systematic monitoring of World Heritage Sites(WHSs) exposed to various anthropogenic factors and natural disasters. Remote sensing(RS) and geographical information systems(GIS) can eliminate many limitations in traditional ERA methods. In this study, changes in ecological risk at Huangshan Mountain, the first mixed WHS in China, over the period of 1984–2019 were explored using remote sensing images and products by considering both natural disasters and human disturbance. Results show that of the four land cover types in Huangshan Mountain, namely water, forest, building and farmland, the main land cover type is forest. During the 35 yr, lands categorised at low or relatively low ecological risk levels are dominant in Huangshan Mountain, with the lowest and highest ERIs(ecological risk index) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The areas at the five ecological risk levels have declined as follows: relatively low > low > medium > relatively high > high. Changes in ecological risks are closely related to changes in land cover and natural disasters. Even though major natural disasters may affect the ecological risk level in the whole region, changes in land cover caused by human activities will shift the ecological risk level in some areas. Our attempts can be modified and applied to other sites, and offer policy implications for protection and preservation of WHSs.
基金supported by funds from the Scientific Research Projects of High-level Talents of the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Anhui Province (Grant No.2009Z019)the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (Grant No.LAPC-KF-201105)
文摘One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean(VWM) pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2-4and Ca2+were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO2-4]/[NO-3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.
文摘The push-pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the tourist motivation. This paper takes the world heritage-Huangshan Mountain as a sample. From the two different aspects of pull and push factors, the underlying features of visitors′ motives to Huangshan Mountain are analyzed with the help of factor analysis. As a result, five push factors and four pull factors are identified. Further analyses investigate differences in the push and pull factors among different socio-demographic subgroups with one-way ANOVA analysis. The result of the study affords us useful references for development, protection and marketing expansion of mountain resorts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40872141,40872068and10475093)the "111" Project(Grant No.B07011)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB421006)
文摘The Huangshan Mountain Geopark is an important geological landmark and tourist attraction.In this paper,we apply fission track dating to examine the uplift and exhumation processes that created the Huangshan Mountains and provide a timeline for their development.In addition to being an important scientific contribution,this information can be used on guided tours and to promote tourism.The results of eight apatite fission-track analyses suggest three age groups:56,45-30,and 15 Ma.These age groups are related to the uplifting-erosion processes involved in forming ancient multilevel denudation planes at 85-50,45-30,and 24-5 Ma,respectively.The scenic area has experienced three stages of thermal evolution.The first stage occurred before 80 Ma and the third stage after 13 Ma.The three stages had varying cooling rates:2.69,0.62,and 4.23°C/Ma,respectively.Uplifting rates also varied:0.08,0.02,and 0.12 mm/a.The uplifting ranges were also variable:1.14,1.57,and 4.00 km,respectively.Significant uplifting differences between diverse areas are obvious and there were four magnitudes of cumulative uplifting range:4060-3950,3760-3490,3190-3070,and 2650 m.The surface uplifting range varied from 450 to 2230 m.Denudation and uplifting amount averaged 2340 and 3400 m,respectively.The 1060 m difference between them is the average elevation at present.
文摘The data of Fe3+ /Fe2+ show that the lowest annual air temperature of the Lushan,Huangshan and Tianmu mountains was not below 0℃, therefore, glacier couldn’t develop in there regions. According to palaeomagnetic test combined with the phenomenon of reticulate pattern ground and lithologic identification, the authors elaborate that the “Poyang moraine” is mainly the fluvial sediments of the early period of the Middle Pleistocene. It was formed by transposition of the ancient Ganjiang River under the humid hot climate. For CM image, the Dajiaochang profile of the Lushan Mountain is very similar to periglacial and the debris flow deposits, but the profile of Jiangpochang and Yaoshaling have many kinds of geneses, i. e., debris flow, water debris flow and alluvial etc. In the south piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain, slope gravity and slope seasonal running water transportantion are mainly deposit factors. In the “glacial varve” of the Denglongqiao profile of the Tianmu Mountain, its CaO and Na2O content is lower than the nonglacial varve, the fact shows that it has the features of the violent leaching, weathering and nonglacial action.
文摘Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) is located in southern part of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The highest Lotus Flower peak is 1864 m above sea level. Formative ages of the Huangshan and its granite,process of mountain geomorphic evolution from the Eocene to Quaternary,environmental changes of Quaternary, formative origin of beautiful peaks and fascinating rocks were studied and the questionable "Pleistocene glaciation" was also discussed in this paper.
