Petrology and Metamorphic P-T Paths of Metamorphic Zones in the Huangyuan Group,Central Qilian Block,NW China

The Central Qilian Block is a Precambrian block in the Qilian Orogen,which has long drawn international attention for the study of orogeny and continental dynamics.The Huangyuan Group in the Datong area is one of the Precambrian metamorphic basement units in the Central Qilian Block and reflects metamorphism in the Barrovian garnet zone and sillimanite zone from south to north.Based on detailed fieldwork,this study presents a systematic study of petrography,mineral chemistry and phase equilibria of schists and gneisses from the two metamorphic zones.The garnet metamorphic zone is composed of micaschist,garnet-bearing micaschist and felsic leptynite,with interlayered plagioclase amphibolite.The sillimanite metamorphic zone consists of garnet-bearing biotite micaschist,sillimanite-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss and felsic leptynite.Garnet from the garnet metamorphic zone shows growth zoning with increasing almandine and pyrope and decreasing spessartine from core to rim.Garnet from the sillimanite metamorphic zone is almost homogeneous.Towards the outer rim,the contents of almandine and pyrope slightly decrease and grossular slightly increase.Biotite in both metamorphic zones is ferro-biotite.Plagioclase is oligoclase in garnet metamorphic zone and andesine in sillimanite metamorphic zone.Phase equilibrium modeling of a sample from garnet metamorphic zone resulted in a clockwise P-T path with a prograde stage(4.5–5.0 kbar,520–530℃),a peak P stage(9.8–10.2 kbar,560–570℃),a stage of thermal relaxation(8.0–8.5 kbar,580–590℃)and finally a retrograde stage(6.8–7.0 kbar,560–580℃).Thermodynamic modeling of a sample from the sillimanite metamorphic zone indicates a prograde stage(5.5–6.0 kbar,540–550℃)and a peak stage(7.8–8.5 kbar,660–690℃).The results indicate that the Huangyuan Group experienced medium-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism,which resulted from continental-continental collision between the Qaidam Block and the Central Qilian Block.

中祁连东段湟源群的年代学新证据及其地质意义

根据新近获得的中祁连地块东段湟源群中变质火山岩(910±6.7)Ma和侵位于湟源群中的响河尔花岗岩(917±12)Ma的单颗粒锆石UPb年龄,结合区域地质背景分析认为:(1)湟源群时代不是古元古代,而是中晚元古代,上限在900Ma左右;(2)响河尔花岗岩是晋宁期花岗岩而非中条期花岗岩;(3)湟源群及侵位于其中的晋宁期花岗岩代表了中祁连晋宁旋回结晶基底,并非中条旋回结晶基底。湟源群时代的重新厘定使得已经建立的中祁连地块东段前寒武纪地层格架和中祁连地块性质。

中祁连地块东段元古宙基底地层格架讨论

中祁连地块东段元古宙基底一般认为由３ 套地层组成，即古元古代湟源群、中元古代长城系湟中群和蓟县系花石山群，三者之间皆为平行不整合关系。但新的研究表明：（１） 花石山群与下伏的湟源群为角度不整合，结合新近发现的化石资料分析，认为花石山群是震旦纪—寒武纪稳定盖层沉积，不应归于基底组成部分；（２） 湟源群与湟中群为同一构造层，统称湟源群。

中祁连湟源群中片麻岩的岩石学成因及构造意义

湟源群中的刘家台组为一套以长英质片麻岩为主,夹黑云变粒岩的低角闪岩相的中-深变质岩系。长英质片麻岩的原岩为酸性侵入岩体,其具有低CaO(1.80~1.85 wt%)、高SiO_2(68.78~71.58 wt%)和碱含量(Na_2O+K_2O=7.6~7.7 wt%)。样品相对富集轻稀土,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,并且具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.23~0.38)。它们最主要的特征是具有较高含量的高场强元素,使得Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=(402~420)×10^(-6)(ppm)[>350×10^(-6)(ppm)],而10 000Ga/Al=3.2~3.3(>2.6)。这些岩石地球化学特征表明这套片麻岩的原岩为A型花岗岩。单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年获得的不一致曲线的上交点年龄1 124±29 Ma,属中元古代,比前人认为的湟源群形成时代古元古代要年轻。

中祁连东段绿岩带刍议

中祁连东段绿岩带可区分出绿岩部分和基底部分两套地层。恢复湟源群建群初期的划分观点。化隆超基性“岩带”和零星分布于西宁盆地边部产状不明的“岩体”应归属绿岩带下部镁铁质—超镁铁质岩系中。