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Hubble Tension Explanation from This Cosmological Model AΛΩ (Slow Bang Model, SB)
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作者 Jean Perron 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第1期106-125,共20页
In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of t... In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H<sub>0</sub>. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned. 展开更多
关键词 Model of the Universe Cosmological Constant Hubble Constant Hubble’s Tension hubble-lemaître law Hubble’s Flow
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WTO体制下国际投资法的趋势与发展 被引量:4
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作者 孙南申 《当代法学》 北大核心 2005年第1期150-157,共8页
国际投资的法律调整在一定程度上表现为对投资者经营权的保护和对外国投资行使管理权这两大内容的对峙。有关国际投资的法律调整 ,在国际法层面上尚未形成一套完整的法律制度体系 ,而主要集中反映在双边投资协定中。 1 995年世界贸易组... 国际投资的法律调整在一定程度上表现为对投资者经营权的保护和对外国投资行使管理权这两大内容的对峙。有关国际投资的法律调整 ,在国际法层面上尚未形成一套完整的法律制度体系 ,而主要集中反映在双边投资协定中。 1 995年世界贸易组织的正式建立和WTO协定的全面生效 ,促进了世界范围内外国投资活动的急剧增长 ,从而需要制定一套完整的国际规则对此加以规范。在这一背景下 ,联合国贸发会议、世界贸易组织、国际货币基金组织和经合组织等国际机构 ,先后为国际投资规则的发展作出积极努力 ,制定了一批规范性文件 ,为国际投资法的发展奠定了基础。近年来 ,有关国际投资的国际与国内立法实践 。 展开更多
关键词 国际投资法 外国投资 发展 世界贸易组织 双边投资 WTO体制 国际货币基金组织 法律调整 国内立法 法实践
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