Practice Exploration of Green Building Design in Prefabricated Residential Building Design

Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.

Energy-saving Planning and Design of Urban Residential Buildings in Hanzhong Area

Energy-saving design of residential building is an important part of energy-saving architectural design. Planning and design of residential buildings in Hanzhong area should pay more attention to the building orientation, sunshine, summer ventilation and wind resistance in winter and so on, so as to create favorable conditions for energy-saving design of single buildings. The geographical location, climatic characteristics, residents living habits and indoor and outdoor thermal environment situation were analyzed in this paper, and combined with the existing problems of energy conservation in the planning and layout of residential buildings in Hanzhong area. Based on the investigation, this paper drew some conclusions to provide references for the energy-saving planning and design of urban residential buildings in the local area.

Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building

As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand,there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry.China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings.Along with the traditional passive building structure,steel structure passive construction,assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction,as well as a variety of new building materials,doors and Windows,and air conditioning air equipment,put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.

Application of Green Building Design in Residential Buildings

In recent years,with the rapid development of the world economy,the environment and resources have been seriously damaged,and the global climate is changing quietly.People began to pay more and more attention to the protection of environment and resources.In the process of building residential buildings,the construction industry also needs to strengthen the application of green building design,so as to achieve the purpose of green environmental protection.The author makes an in-depth research and analysis on the characteristics of green building design,and puts forward the effective strategies for the application of green building design in residential buildings,hoping to help improve the green environmental protection of residential buildings.

Importance of building maintenance at the time of architectural design of buildings rehabilitated with heritage value

During architectural conception phase,building maintenance problematic is mostly a result of the unintentional use of preconceived architectonical solutions rather than a consequence of a specific influence of maintenance requirements.Hardly the architect in the act of design understands the importance of these solutions in the service life span of a building.Being aware of this,is it possible for the architect to be supplied with a decision support system that allows him to consider the implications of building maintenance since the early design phases? Having awareness of this problem and its consequences in the early design phases a research project was started at the Faculty Engineering of the University of Oporto(FEUP),under which the implications of building maintenance in the act of architectural design is studied.This article presents the methodology developed to identify the needs of maintenance of buildings based on a DSS-decision support system that provides simple tools the architect can use in design phase.This methodology is based on decomposition of building parts-Elements Source of Maintenance ESM-,and subsequently,a set of functional requirements that determine the performance regarding building maintenance on account of architectural decisions.Relevant maintenance actions are defined: Inspection,Pro-action,Cleaning,Correction,Replacement,Legal enforcement,Limits of use.One can thus set up a relationship between the act of design and its performance framework based on behavior,intervention and the ownership of the work of architecture.Using a Multicriteria Analysis(MCA) a qualitative evaluation of different options based on maintenance requirements accomplishment.Conclusions on the importance of architectural conception concerning the building maintenance were clearly arrived at and the utility of the developed decision support tool was also highlighted.

The Arckitbuilding Bricks as a Didactic Tool for Experimentation in Architectural Design： Possibilities and Limitations

This article deals with the usage of building bricks as a didactic material for the development of architectural design. The building brick game chosen for analysis was the Arckit, since it is suitable for the architectural practice. It is estimated that this game can contribute to the design, representation and presentation of projects. In order to investigate in which aspects Arckit presents possibilities of applications, as well as limitations of use, the article approaches the importance of building bricks as a didactic tool and its use in the field of the architectural design process. From a literature review and an empirical experience, this article reports a qualitative research, where the applicability of the Arckit game was checked. Through a critical reflection based on that experience, it was possible to conclude that whereas its limitations to urban form and linked to the formal vocabulary that composes the grammar of these bricks, the Arckit building bricks represent in architecture a playful and experimental way to think and design, fomenting the creativity and the spatial perception, resulting in a particular experience that can make architecture better connected with dreams and joy.

Teaching Practice of Architecture Courses based on Virtual Simulation

Virtual simulation teaching of architecture courses is a teaching mode based on the deep integration of information technology and design class in intelligent environment.Under the background of new engineering,relying on a national virtual simulation laboratory,the exploration of green low-carbon simulation in architecture courses is of great importance for improving the dimension of scientific thinking of architecture undergraduates.In this study,based on the background of architecture curriculum construction,the practical content of the teaching reform of architecture courses based on virtual simulation was expounded from three dimensions of reshaping teaching objectives,updating teaching content and improving teaching evaluation.The practical paths of teaching reform of architecture courses were put forward under virtual simulation experiment teaching,namely building teaching teams,strengthening pilot courses,reforming teaching methods,optimizing classroom teaching content and evaluation methods,constructing practical classroom teaching form in line with the learning situation of architecture courses,building a smart learning platform,and closely combining resource construction,application and curriculum content.This study has important practical significance for optimizing and improving the teaching system of professional courses,adapting to the needs of the industry,enhancing competitiveness,and promoting the construction of first-class architecture courses.

Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Integrated Building Envelope Design Process Combining Parametric Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization

As an important element in sustainable building design, the building envelope has been witnessing a constant shift in the design approach. Integrating multi-objective optimization (MOO) into the building envelope design process is very promising, but not easy to realize in an actual project due to several factors, including the complexity of optimization model construction, lack of a dynamic-visualization capacity in the simulation tools and consideration of how to match the optimization with the actual design process. To overcome these difficulties, this study constructed an integrated building envelope design process (IBEDP) based on parametric modelling, which was implemented using Grasshopper platform and interfaces to control the simulation software and optimization algorithm. A railway station was selected as a case study for applying the proposed IBEDP, which also utilized a grid-based variable design approach to achieve flexible optimum fenestrations. To facilitate the stepwise design process, a novel strategy was proposed with a two-step optimization, which optimized various categories of variables separately. Compared with a one-step optimization, though the proposed strategy performed poorly in the diversity of solutions, the quantitative assessment of the qualities of Pareto-optimum solution sets illustrates that it is superior. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Designing with Building Bricks and Shape Grammar

This paper correlates the use of building blocks with the shape grammar theory in the design process. The main goal is to present the potentialities of the various building blocks, which combined with Shape grammar can contribute to the creative process, particularly for the formal composition in the field of Architecture, Urbanism and Design. The methodology is based on a literature review and reflections derived from the observations of the use of the building blocks during experiments carried out in the scope of research with students of the undergraduate course in Architecture and Urbanism. Starting from the discussions proposed by George Stiny on design with Froebel’s buildings gifts and from experiments with other building blocks, such as Archbricks, it is found that building blocks have their own vocabulary and rules, which can be appropriated and exploited by designers in the construction of new shape grammars.

On Waterscapes in Urban Residential Area from the Perspective of Rain Garden and Eco-pool Designs

Due to the high cost for operating and maintaining waterscapes, waterscapes in many residential areas have been laid aside and even become pollution sources. Taking MCC Beiluyuan (Residential Area) in Chongqing Municipality for example, concrete strategies of using natural terrains to design rain garden and eco-pool, collect rainwater, construct bottom of the bath, and combine plants were introduced, so as to explore a new approach of creating green and ecological modern residential landscapes.

Predicting the Growth in Tree Height for Building Sunshine in Residential District

Residential greening constitutes a significant portion of the urban environment. Trees, as the largest entities in the tree-shrub-herb greening system, are the best choice for residential afforestation. Hence, tree arrangement in green space between buildings is significant, for which may exert negative impact on building sunshine. This study takes He Qingyuan residential area in Beijing as a case study to predict the growth in tree height between buildings to meet good sunshine requirements. The procedures were draw as follows: 1) models including building layout and trees were built using computer-aided design (Auto CAD). Afterwards, according to tree crown shape, tree height limits were determined for the same building layout;2) and after that, the growth in tree height was predicted using the nonlinear height-diameter functions to meet the good sunshine requirements. The results allow us to determine which trees to plant between buildings in that the designers can predict the effects of future tree growth on building sunshine.

Slenderness Ratio Influence on the Structural Behavior of Residential Concrete Tall Buildings

The main concern of this paper is to study the influence of the building slenderness ratio on the structural behavior of the residential concrete tall buildings aiming to deepen structure and architect designers understanding for such type of buildings. The study is emphasized only on Kuwait city design conditions for wind and seismic loadings. The paper presents an actual case study for adding two thirty stories residential towers with two different slenderness ratios to an existing residential complex. Wind loading is considered using both code values and wind tunnel results. Three dimensional finite element techniques through ETABS software are used in conducting analysis for structures presented here. A serviceability study is performed to ensure that buildings have sufficient stability to limit lateral drift and peak acceleration within the acceptable range of occupancy comfort. In addition, an ultimate strength study is carried out to verify that all the structural elements are designed to withstand factored gravity and lateral loads in a safe manner according to the international building codes. Analysis results are presented and discussed. A brief idea about foundation design of the new towers and its connection to the existing foundation is presented. Finally conclusions are summarized as guidelines for the structural professions of concrete residential tall buildings.

ARCHITECTURE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING AT GEORGIA TECH:TEACHING DESIGN+TECHNOL OGY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT

Integrative approaches to architectural design+environmental technology pedagogy are essential in educating future generations to respond to impending building energy use challenges.This paper will describe new approaches to incorporating building physics and building technology in the design studio via a diverse cohort of students and faculty,with strong emphasis placed on the development of innovative architectural strategies operating at the intersection of urban demographics,house and housing design,building performance,and sustainability.The United States Department of Energy reports that our buildings account for forty percent of all energy consumed nationally.Our focus on high performance buildings at the Georgia Tech College of Architecture aims to reduce that percentage and meet the rising demand for design and building performance professionals to evaluate the environmental impact of design decisions.Continuing a twenty-five-year trajectory of research leadership,Tech students and faculty are leading the way in digital design,building simulation,engineering,and construction integration.Over the past four years,students from various schools across campus have been working together in a seminar and design studio setting to expand 21st century housing options.Changing urban demographics,sustainability targets,and alternative energy requirements are investigated through smartly researched and elegantly designed housing and public space propositions.The move from an ecologically aware architecture towards an architecture immersed in the emerging debates about carbon footprint and energy consumption is in part driven by increasing international concern over resource availability and delivery.Through reduced costs of alternative energy capture,higher efficiencies,rapid evolution of upstream technologies and applications and more robust software platforms along with growing social,political and economic debate,the definition of sustainability is evolving - moving to transform integral parts of archi-tectural practice and education from a primarily aesthetic and assembly oriented tra-jectory to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between design thinking and building performance.

CBE Clima Tool:A free and open-source web application for climate analysis tailored to sustainable building design

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort,energy efficiency,and environmental sustainability.However,many social,cultural,and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings.One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access,visualize and analyze local climate data.The CBE Clima Tool(Clima)is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design.It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices.It is aimed at students,educators,and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields.Since its inception,Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth,attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries.Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design,transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

Design/Build系列课程在风景园林专业的探索与思考

本文通过解析“设计-建造”系列课程的意义以及在建筑学及风景园林学科发展概况,并对美国大学风景园林专业“设计-建造”类型系列课程开展情况及特点进行对比研究.借鉴运用“设计-建造”教学模式进行实验性教学,通过在园林建筑材料与构造课程、深圳市福田市民园艺学院植物造景项目及深圳市勒杜鹃花展竞赛等多种类型教学中应用,以探索风景园林职业教育中“设计-建造”模式的应用与发展潜力.

An Innovative Architectural Strategy for the Integration of Energy Issues into the Design Process of a Commercial Center in Switzerland

In a context of growing efforts to develop sustainability strategies, energy-related issues occupy central stage in the built environment. Thus, the energy performance of housings has improved radically over the past decades. Yet other types of buildings, in particular commercial centers, haven’t received the same level of interest. As a result, there is a need for effective and practical measures to decrease their energy consumption, both for heating and electricity. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, through coherent strategies, to integrate energy issues and bioclimatic principles into the design process of commercial centers. It analyzes the exemplary case study of Marin Commercial Center (Switzerland). The interdisciplinary approach, based on integrated design strategies, aimed at increasing the energy efficiency while keeping the cost comparable to the market cost. The main design principles include natural ventilation, nighttime cooling with energy recovery and natural lighting, as well as optimization of mechanical systems. The results of the simulations show that Marin Center attains the best energy performance observed so far among Swiss commercial centers. It also meets the Swiss Minergie standard. The paper thus questions traditional design processes and outlines the need for interdisciplinary evaluation and monitoring approaches tailored for commercial centers. Even though most crucial decisions are taken during the early stages, all phases of the process require systematic optimization strategies, especially operating stages. Recommendations include legal measures, in particular in the fields of ventilation and air-conditioning, education, professional development and technology transfer, and financial incentives for the replacement of energy intensive installations.

计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势——虚拟建筑(Virtual Building)设计将成为主流

通过对计算机辅助设计CAD和计算机辅助建筑设计CAAD技术发展历程的回顾,结合CAAD技术在建筑设计领域的应用现状,深入分析了“虚拟建筑”设计方法的原理和优势,论述了计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势。虚拟建筑(V irtual Build ing)模型是一个包含了建筑所有信息的综合数据库,这个数据库不仅可以用于建筑设计,还可以用于结构设计、设备管理、工程量统计、成本计算、物业管理等,可以在整个建筑业中发挥作用,管理建筑生命周期的全部信息。

A STRATEGY FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AT THE EARLY DESIGN STAGE:PREDICTED VS.ACTUAL BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Developments in information technology are providing methods to improve current design practices,where uncertainties about various design elements can be simulated and studied from the design inception.Energy and thermal simulations,improved design representations and enhanced collaboration using digital media are increasingly being used.With the expanding interest in energy-efficient build-ing design,whole building energy simulation programs are increasingly employed in the design process to help architects and engineers determine which design strat-egies save energy and improve building performance.The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential of these programs to perform whole building energy analysis during the early stages of architectural design,and compare the results with the actual building energy performance.The research was conducted by simulating energy usage of a fully functional research laboratory building using two different simulation tools that are aimed for early schematic design.The results were compared with utility data of the building to identify the degree of close-ness with which simulation results match the actual energy usage of the build-ing.Results indicate that modeled energy data from one of the software programs was significantly higher than the measured,actual energy usage data,while the results from the second application were comparable,but did not correctly predict monthly energy loads for the building.This suggests that significant deviations may exist between modeled and actual energy consumption for buildings,and more importantly between different simulation software programs.Understanding the limitations and suitability of specific simulation programs is crucial for successful integration of performance simulations with the design process.

Study on the Optimization for Design of Indoor Natural Ventilation and Lighting Based on Passive Design Measurements

Based on the current indoor natural ventilation and lighting in the space of traditional residential buildings,this paper starts from the passive-design optimization of the spatial natural ventilation and lighting,and makes quantitative evaluation on the quality of current interior natural ventilation and lighting for two typical residential buildings by three indexes,including wind speed,static wind area ratio and satisfaction ratio about minimum lighting coefficient. Based on that, this paper conducts the passive design optimization, and establishes the quantitative association and reevaluation among the passive reformation design, natural ventilation,and lighting environmental quality,proposing the general strategy for the existing residential buildings to respond to the passive reformation design of the natural ventilation and lighting. The special reconstruction of core functionary space of integration of "the living room + dining room + partial space"is researched,and the redesign for the optimization and replacement of both indoor and outdoor enclosure parts is explored,which is expected to provide practical exploration on the strategies for passive construction of spatial natural environmental quality within a large number of highly-energy-consumed residential buildings in China,as well as the green design of residential buildings.