Mass Human Migration and the Urban Heat Island during the Chinese New Year Holiday: A Case Study in Harbin City, Northeast China

Many Chinese people leave big cities for family reunions during the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which is the most important public holiday in China. However, how modem mass human migration during the CNY holiday affects the urban heat island （UHI） is still un- known. Here, the authors investigate the role of modem human migration for the UHI effects during the CNY holiday for the period of 1992-2006 in Harbin City, Northeast China. The results show that during the CNY week, the UHI effects expressed as daily mean, maxi- mum, and minimum temperature differences between urban and rural stations averaged over the period of 1992-2006 are 0.65℃ （43%）, 0.31℃ （48%）, and 1.14℃ （71%） lower than during the background period （four weeks before and four weeks after the CNY week）, re- spectively. Our findings identify previously unknown impacts of modem mass human migration on the UHI effects based on a case study in Harbin City.

Spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of human migration networks in China during COVID-19

The social lockdowns and strict control measures initiated to combat the COVID-19 pandemic have had an impact on human migration.In this study,big data was used to analyze spatial patterns of population migration in 369 Chinese cities during the COVID-19 outbreak and to identify determinants of population migration.We found that the overall migration intensity decreased by 39.87%compared to the same period in 2019 prior to the COVID-19 outbreak.COVID-19 severely affected human migration.The public holidays and weekends have impacted human migration from the perspective of time scale.The spatial pattern of China’s population distribution presents a diamond structure that is dense in the east and sparse in the west,which is bounded by the Hu line and the cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Chengdu as nodes to connect.There is a strong consistency between the population distribution center and the level of urban development.The urban human migration network is centered on provincial capitals or municipalities at the regional scale,showing a prominent"center-periphery"structure.COVID-19 dispersed the forces of human migration in time and changed the direction of human migration in space.But it did not change the pattern of national migration.The most critical factors influencing mass migration are income levels and traditional culture.This study reveals the impacts of major public health emergencies on conventional migration patterns and provides a scientific theoretical reference for COVID-19 prevention and control.

History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.

Mass human migration and Beijing's urban heat island during the Chinese New Year holiday

Population movements around the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which are much larger in recent years than before, are the largest annual human migration in the world. However, it is still largely unknown how or to what extent such mass human migration affects urban climate. Here, we investigate the role of mass human migration in influencing Beijing＇s urban heat island （UHI） during the CNY holiday for the period of 2004-2013. We find that the UHI effects expressed as daily mean （ATmean）, maximum （ATmax）, and minimum （ATmin） temperature differences between urban and rural areas show a weakening trend during the CNY week relative to the background period （4 weeks including 2-3 weeks before and 2-3 weeks after the CNY week）. In particular, large reductions occurred during the CNY week for the period of 2009-2013, when nearly half of population left the city before the CNY holiday. △Tmean, △Tmax, and △Tmin averaged over the period of 2009-2013 during the CNY week were 0.64, 0.45, and 0.83 ℃ lower than during the background period, representing relative reductions of 35 %, 66 %, and 27 %, respectively. Our findings highlight the important role of modem mass human migration for urban climate based on a case study in Beijing.

Migration Effects to the Marine Ecosystem of Barangay Concepcion

Concepcion is one of the small island barangay in the municipality of Agutaya. It has a total landmass of 132.297 hectares. It is located within Quinluban group of islands. This place has the variety of natural resources like seaweeds, turtles, fish and other seafood. The prominent product in this island is ＂agar-agar＂ also known as Tambalang （local name） and other marine resources. This study determined the effects of migration to the marine ecosystem of the place. Survey method and interview schedule were used during the data gathering. Results show that most migrants came to plant seaweeds or agar-agar. Poverty motivated them to migrate in the area. The abundance of marine resources also is one of the factors for migration for these people. They experienced poverty and economic crisis in their previous place which motivated them to explore and migrate to support their basic needs.

Food and Nutritional Security in the Refugee Women’s Life Narratives

Objective: To understand, based on the life narratives of refugee women, food and nutritional security. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, Narratives of life method, by Daniel Bertaux. Conducted with 11 participants, refugee women residing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Results: The meanings and feelings evidenced in the life narratives of refugee women expressed the insecurities and weaknesses with food in the resettlement. Final Considerations: Given the meanings and feelings regarding food in the refuge, it is expected that the present study will contribute to the elaboration of new action plans and intersectoral public policies of agile action to meet the demands of the refugee population, in the attempt to mitigate starvation, poverty, social differences and the compromised health status of the refugee population.

法学教育现代化：定位、支点与趋势--以法学本科教育为中心

法学教育现代化不仅关乎法学学科教育的现代化,而且决定了培养法治国家建设人才的质量。高等院校法学教育现代化定位应以法律人的现代化为逻辑起点,是通识教育基础上法学专业教育的差异化探索、大众教育基础上法学精英教育的错位化发展与知识传承基础上法学创新教育的异质化展开。打造高素质的专兼职教师队伍、聚焦迁移性能力的广谱法学教学模式、确立基于人的全面发展与法学学科属性的有机课程体系等是法学教育现代化内涵式发展的关键支点。在应对法学教育与信息技术、大数据深度融合的趋势中,法学教育内容拓展、法学教育方式调适和法学人才跨界要求等是法学教育现代化需重点关注的内容。

A novel TRPC6-dependent mechanism of TGF-β-induced migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Mechanisms on cancer cell migration and invasion have been major topics of cancer research and anti-cancer therapy development. Among the multiple cell signaling pathways involved in cell migration, those elicited by transforming growth factorβ（TGF-β） have attracted tremendous attention. The TGF-βpolypeptide cytokines include four isoforms：TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TGF-β4, which are secreted mainly from cells of white blood cell lineage, such as macrophages, T cells and platelets.

Effects of human microRNA-181a-5p on proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells

Objective To preliminarily explore the effects of human microRNA-181a on migration of gastric cancer cells and its mechanism.Methods The expression of miRNA-181a-5p in gastric cancer cell line GC9811 and peritoneal high metastasis gastric cancer cell line GC9811-P were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).GC9811 cell line was

Technology diffusion and population migration reflected in blade technologies in northern China in the Late Pleistocene

In recent years, the origin and evolution of modern human behaviors have become a common topic of research in Paleolithic archaeology. One important part of modern human behavior, blade technology, was once thought to be unique to modern humans. Recent studies have suggested that variations in blade technology do not fully correspond to modern populations. However, the standardization, diversity, discontinuity in terms of time distribution, and differences in spatial distribution of blade technology give it an important role in discussions of modes of adaptation, diffusion of technology, and population migration of hominins. By categorizing the major blade assemblages in China, we show that there were two blade reduction methods in northern China: the Levallois method and the prismatic method. Dating back 40000–30000 years, the Levallois and prismatic blade method combined to form the characteristics of the early stage of the Upper Paleolithic. Artifacts bearing such characteristics are located in Northwest China, Northeast China, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The unearthed blades are similar in technological organization and are connected geographically with those discovered in Siberia and Mongolia, which also indicates a distinct border from those discovered in northern China. This fact is suggestive of population immigration. About 29000–25000 years ago, a combination of prismatic blades and microblades was developed in the hinterland of China; however whether it can be regarded as the representative of population migration or only a technological adaption remains undetermined. We suggest that the system of production of different blades should be distinguished in the study of blade assemblages and that different blade methods should not be integrated into a single technical system to discuss technology diffusion and population dispersal.