Incorporation of human β-defensin-1 into immunoliposomes to facilitate targeted autophagy therapy of colon carcinoma

Based on the discovery that humanβ-defensin-1(hBD-1)triggers autophagy in colon cancer cells and inhibits proliferation,we proposed the consideration of its druggability.As a protein,its stability,targetability and bioavailability must be improved.Compared with the traditional medicinal chemistry technology,nano-technology is more economical for increasing the druggability of hBD-1 and can be readily scaled up.Here,we propose an immunoliposome system containing hBD-1 to improve its stability and bioavailability.To enhance its targetability,anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)antibodies were conjugated to the liposomal bilayer to produce immunoliposomes that can target EGFR,which is highly expressed in colon cancer cells.Although more studies are needed to su-pport clinical trials and large-scale manufacturing,these immunoliposomes have great potential as therapeutics.Thus,immunoliposomes are suitable nanovesicles to improve the druggability of hBD-1;however,additional basic and translational research of these systems is warranted.

PD-L1单抗加强紫杉醇联合香菇多糖体外抗人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231作用

目的 探讨程序性细胞死亡-配体1(PD-L1)单抗、紫杉醇(PTX)联合香菇多糖(LNT)体外对人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)的作用。方法 将MDA-MB-231、人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)和MDA-MB-231+PBMC共培养,随机分为对照组、PTX组、LNT组、MPDL3280A(PD-L1单抗)组、PTX+LNT组和PTX+LNT+MPDL3280A组。采用CCK8检测细胞的活性;流式细胞术检测MHC-I和PD-L1的表达;ELISA试剂盒检测IFN-γ和TNF-α的含量。结果 与对照组相比,PTX组、MPDL3280A组、PTX+LNT组及PTX+LNT+MPDL3280A组显著抑制MDA-MB-231的活性(P<0.01);LNT组和PTX+LNT+MPDL3280A组显著促进PBMC的免疫作用(P<0.05,P<0.01);PTX+LNT+MPDL3280A组显著抑制MDA-MB-231+PBMC共培养MDA-MB-231的活性(0.56±0.16 vs. 0.39±0.13,P<0.05);LNT显著促进MDA-MB-231上PD-L1的表达和PBMC分泌IFN-γ(P<0.05)。结论 PD-L1单抗通过阻断PD-L1与PD-1之间的作用,提高免疫,促进PTX联合LNT的体外抗三阴性乳腺癌作用。

DADS下调DJ-1通过PTEN/Akt通路抑制人胃癌MGC803细胞侵袭与上皮-间质转化

目的:探讨二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide,DADS)下调DJ-1通过PTEN/Akt通路抑制人胃癌MGC803细胞侵袭与上皮-间质转化的作用。方法:实验分为MGC803组、空载体组、DJ-1过表达组、MGC803+DADS组、空载体+DADS组、DJ-1过表达+DADS组。MTT、平板克隆、细胞划痕和侵袭实验检测DADS对MGC803细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移与侵袭的影响;相差显微镜观察DADS对MGC803细胞形态学的影响;qRT-PCR、Western blot与免疫荧光检测DJ-1、PTEN、p-Akt、Snail、Vimentin、E-cadherin、MMP-9与TIMP-3表达。结果:MTT显示,24 h、48 h和72 h后,DADS处理后,各组细胞的增殖率分别较处理前下降(P<0.05)。平板克隆显示,DADS处理后,克隆形成数较处理前各组减少(P<0.05)。划痕实验显示,24 h时,DADS处理后的划痕距离,分别较处理前各组增加(P<0.05)。迁移实验显示,DADS处理后,各组的迁移细胞较处理前各组减少(P<0.05)。侵袭实验显示,DADS处理后,侵袭细胞较处理前减少(P<0.05)。DADS处理后,DJ-1表达较处理前下降(P<0.05),PTEN表达较处理前上调(P<0.05),免疫荧光与上述结果一致。DADS处理后,各组p-Akt表达下调(P<0.05)。相差显微镜显示,DADS处理后,MGC803组与DJ-1过表达组异型性下降,Snail、Vimentin与MMP-9表达下调,E-cadherin与TIMP-3表达上调(P<0.05)。结论:DADS下调DJ-1可负调控PTEN/Akt通路抑制人胃癌MGC803细胞侵袭与上皮-间质转化。

Humanβ-defensin-1 affects the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and autophagy in colon cancer cells through long noncoding RNA TCONS_00014506

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality.Humanβ-defensin-1(hBD-1)may play an integral function in the innate immune system,contributing to the recognition and destruction of cancer cells.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth.AIM To investigate the effect of hBD-1 on the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy in human colon cancer SW620 cells.METHODS CCK8 assay was utilized for the detection of cell proliferation and determination of the optimal drug concentration.Colony formation assay was employed to assess the effect of hBD-1 on SW620 cell proliferation.Bioinformatics was used to screen potentially biologically significant lncRNAs related to the mTOR pathway.Additionally,p-mTOR(Ser2448),Beclin1,and LC3II/I expression levels in SW620 cells were assessed through Western blot analysis.RESULTS hBD-1 inhibited the proliferative ability of SW620 cells,as evidenced by the reduction in the colony formation capacity of SW620 cells upon exposure to hBD-1.hBD-1 decreased the expression of p-mTOR(Ser2448)protein and increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis identified seven lncRNAs(2 upregulated and 5 downregulated)related to the mTOR pathway.The lncRNA TCONS_00014506 was ultimately selected.Following the inhibition of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,exposure to hBD-1 inhibited p-mTOR(Ser2448)and promoted Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein expression.CONCLUSION hBD-1 inhibits the mTOR pathway and promotes autophagy by upregulating the expression of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 in SW620 cells.

Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV burden.There are eight genotypes of HEV.Among them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized world.Asymptomatic HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature worldwide.The clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further exploration.Detection of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection rate.Similarly,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical consequences.Epidemiology of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning pattern.Occasional sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently seen.In absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further exploration.However,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic reservoir.Since HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic period.This might be the similar phenomenon with SARS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against it.In view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human Reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the existence of the virus in a community.The potential for transmitting HEV infection by asymptomatic HEV infected individuals by fecal shedding of virus has not been reported in literature.This missing link may be a key to Pandora's box in understanding epidemiology of HEV infection in genotype 1 predominant region.

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

Development of RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay for rapid and reliable detection of human bocavirus 1

Human bocavirus(HBoV)1 is considered an important pathogen that mainly affects infants aged 6–24 months,but preventing viral transmission in resource-limited regions through rapid and affordable on-site diagnosis of individuals with early infection of HBoV1 remains somewhat challenging.Herein,we present a novel faster,lower cost,reliable method for the detection of HBoV1,which integrates a recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)assay with the CRISPR/Cas12a system,designated the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay.The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence system can specifically detect target gene levels as low as 0.5 copies of HBoV1 plasmid DNA per microliter within 40 min at 37℃without the need for sophisticated instruments.The method also demonstrates excellent specificity without cross-reactivity to non-target pathogens.Furthermore,the method was appraised using 28 clinical samples,and displayed high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90.9%and 100%,respectively.Therefore,our proposed rapid and sensitive HBoV1 detection method,the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay,shows promising potential for early on-site diagnosis of HBoV1 infection in the fields of public health and health care.The established RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay is rapid and reliable method for human bocavirus 1 detection.The RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay can be completed within 40 min with robust specificity and sensitivity of 0.5 copies/μl.

Alpha-bisabolol逆转ABCB1介导的肿瘤多药耐药及机制

目的研究alpha-红没药醇(alpha-bisabolol)是否能有效逆转ATP结合盒转运体B1(ABCB1)介导的肿瘤多药耐药(MDR)并探讨其机制。方法应用网络药理学技术分析仙鹤草(Agrimonia Eupatoria)的活性成分,预测其靶基因,并进行基因本体论(GO)与京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析。进一步通过分子对接及热稳定性实验分析alpha-bisabolol和ABCB1的互作。通过MTT法检测alpha-bisabolol能否有效逆转ABCB1介导的肿瘤MDR。通过Western blot法、免疫荧光与流式细胞术研究alpha-bisabolol逆转ABCB1介导肿瘤MDR的机制。结果网络药理学实验结果表明,Agrimonia Eupatoria的活性成分alpha-bisabolol与肿瘤的发生密切相关。分子对接及热稳定性实验结果显示,alpha-bisabolol能够与ABCB1形成稳定的结合。逆转实验结果表明,alpha-bisabolol能够有效逆转ABCB1介导的肿瘤MDR。此外,机制实验结果显示,alpha-bisabolol对肿瘤细胞内ABCB1蛋白的表达及定位并不产生影响。alpha-bisabolol通过抑制ABCB1蛋白的外排功能,提高了细胞内药物的蓄积水平,从而有效逆转肿瘤MDR。结论alpha-bisabolol能够有效逆转ABCB1介导的肿瘤MDR,为化疗耐药的肿瘤患者提供了一种新的治疗策略。

Establishment of a humanized ST6GAL1 mouse model for influenza research

Background:This study aimed to construct and characterize a humanized influenza mouse model expressing hST6GAL1.Methods:Humanized fragments,consisting of the endothelial cell-specific K18 promoter,human ST6GAL1-encoding gene,and luciferase gene,were microinjected into the fertilized eggs of mice.The manipulated embryos were transferred into the oviducts of pseudopregnant female mice.The offspring were identified using PCR.Mice exhibiting elevated expression of the hST6GAL1 gene were selectively bred for propagation,and in vivo analysis was performed for screening.Expression of the humanized gene was tested by performing immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis.Hematologic and biochemical analyses using the whole blood and serum of humanized hST6GAL1 mice were performed.Results:Successful integration of the human ST6GAL1 gene into the mouse genome led to the overexpression of human SiaT ST6GAL1.Seven mice were identified as carrying copies of the humanized gene,and the in vivo analysis indicated that hST6GAL1gene expression in positive mice mirrored influenza virus infection characteristics.The IHC results revealed that hST6GAL1 was expressed in the lungs of humanized mice.Moreover,the hematologic and biochemical parameters of the positive mice were within the normal range.Conclusion:A humanized influenza mouse model expressing the hST6GAL1 gene was successfully established and characterized.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Pi^(*)Z allele as important co-factors in the development of liver fibrosis

BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(AATD)is a codominant autosomal hereditary condition that predisposes patients to the development of lung and/or liver disease,and Pi*Z allele is the most clinically relevant mutation.AIM To evaluate the impact of clinical parameters and AATD phenotypes,particularly the Pi*Z allele,in liver fibrosis.METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study including consecutive patients with AATD followed in Pulmonology or Hepatology consultation.RESULTS Included 69 patients,49.3%had Pi*MZ phenotype and 10.1%Pi*ZZ.An age≥55 years,age at diagnosis≥41 years and AAT at diagnosis<77 mg/dL predicted a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score(NFS)not excluding advanced fibrosis[area under the curve(AUC)=0.840,P<0.001;AUC=0.836,P<0.001;AUC=0.681,P=0.025].An age≥50 years and age at diagnosis≥41 years predicted a fibrosis-4 index of moderate to advanced fibrosis(AUC=0.831,P<0.001;AUC=0.795,P<0.001).Patients with hypertension,type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM),dyslipidaemia,metabolic syndrome,and regular alcohol consumption were more likely to have a NFS not excluding advanced fibrosis(P<0.001,P=0.002,P=0.008,P<0.001,P=0.033).Patients with at least one Pi*Z allele and type 2 DM were 8 times more likely to have liver stiffness measurement≥7.1 kPa(P=0.040).CONCLUSION Risk factors for liver disease in AATD included an age≥50 years,age at diagnosis≥41 years,metabolic risk factors,regular alcohol consumption,at least one Pi*Z allele,and AAT value at diagnosis<77 mg/dL.We created an algorithm for liver disease screening in AATD patients to use in primary care,selecting those to be referred to Hepatology consultation.

MicroRNA-298 determines the radio-resistance of colorectal cancer cells by directly targeting human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy stands as a promising therapeutic modality for colorectal cancer(CRC);yet,the formidable challenge posed by radio-resistance significantly undermines its efficacy in achieving CRC remission.AIM To elucidate the role played by microRNA-298(miR-298)in CRC radio-resistance.METHODS To establish a radio-resistant CRC cell line,HT-29 cells underwent exposure to 5 gray ionizing radiation that was followed by a 7-d recovery period.The quantification of miR-298 levels within CRC cells was conducted through quantitative RT-PCR,and protein expression determination was realized through Western blotting.Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and proliferation by clonogenic assay.Radio-induced apoptosis was discerned through flow cytometry analysis.RESULTS We observed a marked upregulation of miR-298 in radio-resistant CRC cells.MiR-298 emerged as a key determinant of cell survival following radiation exposure,as its overexpression led to a notable reduction in radiation-induced apoptosis.Intriguingly,miR-298 expression exhibited a strong correlation with CRC cell viability.Further investigation unveiled human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A(DYRK1A)as miR-298’s direct target.CONCLUSION Taken together,our findings underline the role played by miR-298 in bolstering radio-resistance in CRC cells by means of DYRK1A downregulation,thereby positioning miR-298 as a promising candidate for mitigating radioresistance in CRC.

Regulation role of miR-204 on SIRT1/VEGF in metabolic memory induced by high glucose in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM:To examine the regulatory role of microRNA-204(miR-204)on silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)under highglucose-induced metabolic memory in human retinal pigment epithelial(hRPE)cells.METHODS:Cells were cultured with either normal(5 mmol/L)or high D-glucose(25 mmol/L)concentrations for 8d to establish control and high-glucose groups,respectively.To induce metabolic memory,cells were cultured with 25 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d followed by culture with 5 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d.In addition,exposed in 25 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d and then transfected with 100 nmol/L miR-204 control,miR-204 inhibitor or miR-204 mimic in 5 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect miR-204 mRNA levels.SIRT1 and VEGF protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemical and Western blot.Flow cytometry was used to investigate apoptosis rate.RESULTS:It was found that high glucose promoted miR-204 and VEGF expression,and inhibited SIRT1 activity,even after the return to normal glucose culture conditions.Upregulation of miR-204 promoted apoptosis inhibiting SIRT1 and increasing VEGF expression.However,downregulation of miR-204 produced the opposite effects.CONCLUSION:The study identifies that miR-204 is the upstream target of SIRT1and VEGF,and that miR-204 can protect hRPE cells from the damage caused by metabolic memory through increasing SIRT1 and inhibiting VEGF expression.

SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro and in vivo

AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS:HLECs(SRA01/04)were treated with varying concentrations of tunicamycin(TM)for 24h,and the expression of SIRT1 and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.Cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using an inverted microscope and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,respectively.In the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model,which underwent siRNA transfection for SIRT1 knockdown and SRT1720 treatment for its activation,the expression levels of SIRT1,CHOP,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)were examined.The potential reversal of SIRT1 knockdown effects by 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA;an ER stress inhibitor)was investigated.In vivo,age-related cataract(ARC)rat models were induced by sodium selenite injection,and the protective role of SIRT1,activated by SRT1720 intraperitoneal injections,was evaluated through morphology observation,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Western blotting,and RT-PCR.RESULTS:SIRT1 expression was downregulated in TMinduced SRA01/04 cells.Besides,in SRA01/04 cells,both cell apoptosis and CHOP expression increased with the rising doses of TM.ER stress was stimulated by TM,as evidenced by the increased GRP78 and ATF4 in the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model.Inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA knockdown increased ER stress activation,whereas SRT1720 treatment had opposite results.4-PBA partly reverse the adverse effect of SIRT1 knockdown on apoptosis.In vivo,SRT1720 attenuated the lens opacification and weakened the ER stress activation in ARC rat models.CONCLUSION:SIRT1 plays a protective role against TM-induced apoptosis in HLECs and slows the progression of cataract in rats by inhibiting ER stress.These findings suggest a novel strategy for cataract treatment focused on targeting ER stress,highlighting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation in ARC development.

Effect of acetyl L-carnitine on human retinal pigment epithelium-19 cells in hypoxic conditions

AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.

过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞促进小鼠皮肤创面愈合

背景:神经调节蛋白1具有促进细胞增殖、分化以及血管生长等特性。人羊膜间充质干细胞是组织工程领域重要的种子细胞,已被证实参与组织修复及再生过程。目的:构建过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞,探究其增殖、迁移能力以及对创面愈合的影响。方法:(1)体外分离培养人羊膜间充质干细胞并对其进行鉴定;(2)构建神经调节蛋白1过表达慢病毒,将人羊膜间充质干细胞分为空载组、神经调节蛋白1组、对照组,分别转染空载慢病毒、过表达神经调节蛋白1慢病毒,对照组不进行转染;(3)EdU实验检测各组细胞增殖能力,Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移能力;(4)构建C57BL/6小鼠创面损伤模型,随机分成对照组、空载组和神经调节蛋白1组,每组8只,分别在创面局部多点均匀注射1 mL转染空载慢病毒或转染过表达神经调节蛋白1慢病毒的人羊膜间充质干细胞,对照组注射等量的生理盐水;(5)造模后1,7,14 d观察创面愈合情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察创面愈合组织学变化,免疫组化观察创面CD31的表达。结果与结论:(1)成功构建过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞,细胞内神经调节蛋白1的mRNA、蛋白表达较空载组明显上调(P<0.05);(2)过表达神经调节蛋白1促进了人羊膜间充质干细胞的迁移(P<0.01)和增殖(P<0.05);(3)过表达神经调节蛋白1的人羊膜间充质干细胞促进了小鼠创面愈合(P<0.05)和创面的血管生成(P<0.05)。结果表明,过表达神经调节蛋白1提高了人羊膜间充质干细胞的增殖和迁移能力,以及增强了促进创面愈合和创面血管生成的能力。

红景天苷对脂多糖诱导的牙周膜干细胞自噬、凋亡和沉默信息调节因子/叉头转录因子O1信号通路的影响

目的 探究红景天苷(Sal)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的牙周膜干细胞自噬和凋亡的影响,以及对沉默信息调节因子/叉头转录因子O1(SIRT1/FOXO1)信号通路的调节机制。方法 将培养的牙周膜干细胞HPLIS分为正常对照组(Normal组),LPS诱导模型组(LPS组),LPS+Sal低剂量组(LPS+L-Sal组),LPS+Sal高剂量组(LPS+H-Sal组),LPS+Sal高剂量联合SIRT1抑制剂组(LPS+H-Sal+Sel组),每组设置6个重复。CCK-8检测细胞活性;MDC染色观察细胞自噬小体;TUNEL检测细胞凋亡情况;试剂盒检测细胞中氧化应激因子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测细胞中肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-1β mRNA水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测自噬标志蛋白微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)、Beclin1,凋亡相关蛋白活化半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Cleaved Caspase-3)以及通路相关蛋白SIRT1、FOXO1、乙酰化FOXO1(acFOXO1)表达。结果 与Normal组相比,LPS组细胞存活率、SOD活性、SIRT1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),细胞自噬小体数量、凋亡率、MDA含量、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA水平、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin1、Cleaved-Caspase-3、acFOXO1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,LPS+L-Sal组、LPS+H-Sal组细胞存活率、SOD活性、SIRT1、蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05),细胞自噬小体数量、凋亡率、MDA含量、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA水平以及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin1、Cleaved-Caspase-3、acFOXO蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);而SIRT1抑制剂的加入抵消了Sal处理对细胞所产生的影响。结论 Sal能够抑制LPS诱导的牙周膜干细胞自噬和凋亡并激活SIRT1/FOXO1信号通路,促进FOXO1去乙酰化。

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38水平与心功能分级及预后不良的关系

目的分析老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清纤维蛋白-3(Fibulin-3)、抗人肿瘤内皮标志物1(TEM1)、垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽-38(PACAP-38)水平与心功能分级及预后不良的关系。方法选取2020年7月至2023年7月该院收治的132例老年CHF患者作为老年CHF组,另选取同期在该院进行体检的132例健康者作为对照组。按照美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准将老年CHF患者分为Ⅱ级组(42例)、Ⅲ级组(51例)、Ⅳ级组(39例)。根据患者出院后是否发生MACE将老年CHF患者分为MACE组和未MACE组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测所有受试者血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38水平。采用Spearman相关分析老年CHF患者血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38水平与心功能分级的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年CHF患者发生MACE的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38对老年CHF患者发生MACE的预测价值。结果老年CHF组血清TEM1水平高于对照组,血清Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同心功能分级老年CHF患者血清TEM1水平比较,Ⅱ级组<Ⅲ级组<Ⅳ级组,且任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同心功能分级老年CHF患者血清Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平比较,Ⅱ级组>Ⅲ级组>Ⅳ级组,且任意两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,老年CHF患者心功能分级与血清TEM1水平呈正相关(r_(s)=0.488,P<0.05),与Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.463、-0.432,P<0.05)。MACE组有38例患者,未MACE组有94例患者。MACE组血清Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平均低于未MACE组,血清TEM1水平及心功能分级为Ⅳ级患者比例高于未MACE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平升高是老年CHF患者发生MACE的保护因素(P<0.05),血清TEM1水平升高及心功能分级为Ⅳ级是老年CHF患者发生MACE的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38单独和3项指标联合预测CHF患者发生MACE的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.666、0.636、0.641、0.798,3项指标联合预测的AUC高于血清Fibulin-3、TEM1、PACAP-38单独预测的AUC(Z_(3项联合-Fibulin-3)=2.448、P=0.014,Z_(3项联合-TEM1)=2.033、P=0.042,Z_(3项联合-PACAP-38)=2.200、P=0.028)。结论老年CHF患者血清Fibulin-3、PACAP-38水平显著降低,TEM1水平显著升高,其与心功能分级及预后不良有关,3项指标联合对老年CHF患者发生MACE的预测价值较高。

N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase Wilms tumor 1-associated protein impedes diabetic wound healing through epigenetically activating DNA methyltransferase 1

BACKGROUND Diabetic wound injury is a significant and common complication in individuals with diabetes.N6-methyladenosine(m6A)-related epigenetic regulation is widely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications.However,the function of m6A methyltransferase Wilms tumor 1-associated protein(WTAP)in diabetic wound healing remains elusive.AIM To investigate the potential epigenetic regulatory mechanism of WTAP during diabetic wound healing.METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were induced with high glucose(HG)to establish in vitro cell model.Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to mimic diabetes,and full-thickness excision was made to mimic diabetic wound healing.HG-induced HUVECs and mouse models were treated with WTAP siRNAs and DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)overexpression vectors.Cell viability and migration ability were detected by cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays.In vitro angiogenesis was measured using a tube formation experiment.The images of wounds were captured,and re-epithelialization and collagen deposition of skin tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining.RESULTS The expression of several m6A methyltransferases,including METTL3,METTL14,METTL16,KIAA1429,WTAP,and RBM15,were measured.WTAP exhibited the most significant elevation in HG-induced HUVECs compared with the normal control.WTAP depletion notably restored cell viability and enhanced tube formation ability and migration of HUVECs suppressed by HG.The unclosed wound area of mice was smaller in WTAP knockdowntreated mice than in control mice at nine days post-wounding,along with enhanced re-epithelialization rate and collagen deposition.The m6A levels on DNMT1 mRNA in HUVECs were repressed by WTAP knockdown in HUVECs.The mRNA levels and expression of DNMT1 were inhibited by WTAP depletion in HUVECs.Overexpression of DNMT1 in HUVECs notably reversed the effects of WTAP depletion on HG-induced HUVECs.CONCLUSION WTAP expression is elevated in HG-induced HUVECs and epigenetically regulates the m6A modification of DNMT1 to impair diabetic wound healing.

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染患者血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3水平变化及检测意义

目的:探讨输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术(FURL)后尿路感染(UTI)患者血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、人β-防御素-3(HBD-3)水平变化及检测意义。方法:选取行FURL患者183例,根据患者术后是否发生UTI分为UTI组(98例)和非UTI组(85例)。比较两组临床资料及血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析患者FURL术后发生UTI的影响因素。分析血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3对患者FURL术后发生UTI的预测价值。结果:UTI组有泌尿道手术史、导尿管留置时间≥7 d、抗菌药物种类>3种患者比例高于非UTI组(均P<0.05)。UTI组血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3水平高于非UTI组(均P<0.05)。泌尿道手术史、导尿管留置时间、抗菌药物种类及血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3是患者FURL术后发生UTI的影响因素(均P<0.05)。血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3水平与患者泌尿道手术史、导尿管留置时间及抗菌药物种类呈正相关(均P<0.05)。血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3联合预测患者FURL术后发生UTI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.894,高于三者独立预测的AUC(均P<0.05)。结论:FURL术后UTI患者血清sTREM-1、RBP4、HBD-3水平升高,三者联合对FURL术后发生UTI具有较高的预测价值。

Alpha-黑素细胞刺激素对内毒素血症小鼠肝肺组织表达高迁移率族蛋白1的抑制作用

目的研究Alpha-黑素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)对内毒素血症小鼠肝、肺组织中表达高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)的调控作用。方法腹腔内注射(ip)LPS(25g/kg)和D-Gal(100mg/kg)建立内毒素血症小鼠模型,分别在LPS刺激小鼠1、2、3h后腹腔注射α-MSH(2.5mg/kg),24h后处死小鼠,取小鼠肺、脑、脾、肝、肾组织,应用RT-PCR和Westernblot的方法,从基因、蛋白两个水平检测α-MSH对HMGB1表达的调节作用。结果HMGB1mRNA及蛋白在内毒素血症小鼠肺、脑、脾、肝、肾中均有表达,但在肝、肺中的表达量高于其他组织;于LPS刺激小鼠3h之内腹腔注射α-MSH,能显著下调HMGB1mRNA及蛋白的表达,并且1h之内给药效果最理想。结论α-MSH能有效抑制内毒素血症小鼠肝、肺组织中HMGB1的表达。