AIM: To study the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its association with Src in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell signaling in cholangiocarcinoma progression.METHODS: Previously isolated HuCCA-1 cells ...AIM: To study the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its association with Src in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell signaling in cholangiocarcinoma progression.METHODS: Previously isolated HuCCA-1 cells were re-characterized by immunofluorescent staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for the expression of cytokeratin 19, HGF and c-Met mRNA. Cultured HuCCA-1 cells were treated with HGF and determined for cell proliferation and invasion effects by MTT and invasion assays. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation were also performed to study the phosphorylation and interaction of FAK and Src. A novel Src inhibitor (AZM555130) was applied in cultures to investigate the effects on FAK phosphorylation inhibition and on cell proliferation and invasion.RESULTS: HGF enhanced HuCCA-1 cell proliferation and invasion by mediating FAK and Src phosphorylations.FAK-Src interaction occurred in a time-dependent manner that Src was proved to be an upstream signaling molecule to FAK. The inhibitor to Src decreased FAK phosphorylation level in correlation with the reduction of cell proliferation and invasion.CONCLUSION: FAK plays a significant role in signaling pathway of HGF-responsive cell line derived from cholangiocarcinoma. Autophosphorylated Src, induced by HGF, mediates Src kinase activation, which subsequently phosphorylates its substrate, FAK, and signals to cell proliferation and invasion.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of four caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells.METHODS:Four caged xanthones,selected on the basis of their antic...AIM:To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of four caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells.METHODS:Four caged xanthones,selected on the basis of their anticancer potency and chemical structure diversities(i.e.isomorellin,isomorellinol,forbesione and gambogic acid) were used in this study.Growth inhibition of these caged xanthones was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay.Induction of apoptosis was assessed by observing cell morphology,ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining and DNA fragmentation assay.Levels of apoptotic-related gene and protein expressions were determined by a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.RESULTS:The compounds were found to inhibit growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and also showed selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells when compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Growth suppression by these compounds was due to apoptosis,as evidenced by the cell morphological changes,chromatin condensation,nuclear fragmentation,and DNA ladder formation.At the molecular level,these compounds induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin proteins with up-regulation of Bax and apoptosisinducing factor proteins,leading to the activation of caspase-9 and-3 and DNA fragmentation.The functional group variations did not appear to affect the anticancer activity with regard to the two CCA cell lines;however,at a mechanistic level,isomorellinol exhibited the highest potency in increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio(120 and 41.4 for KKU-100 and KKU-M156,respectively) and in decreasing survivin protein expression(0.01 fold as compared to control cells in both cell lines).Other activities at the molecular level indicate that functional groups on the prenyl side chain may be important.CONCLUSION:Our findings for the first time demonstrate that four caged xanthones induce apoptosis in CCA cells which is mediated through a mitochondriadependent signaling pathway.展开更多
基金Supported by the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program of the Thailand Research Fund (RGJ/PHD/0112/2542)
文摘AIM: To study the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its association with Src in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced cell signaling in cholangiocarcinoma progression.METHODS: Previously isolated HuCCA-1 cells were re-characterized by immunofluorescent staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for the expression of cytokeratin 19, HGF and c-Met mRNA. Cultured HuCCA-1 cells were treated with HGF and determined for cell proliferation and invasion effects by MTT and invasion assays. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation were also performed to study the phosphorylation and interaction of FAK and Src. A novel Src inhibitor (AZM555130) was applied in cultures to investigate the effects on FAK phosphorylation inhibition and on cell proliferation and invasion.RESULTS: HGF enhanced HuCCA-1 cell proliferation and invasion by mediating FAK and Src phosphorylations.FAK-Src interaction occurred in a time-dependent manner that Src was proved to be an upstream signaling molecule to FAK. The inhibitor to Src decreased FAK phosphorylation level in correlation with the reduction of cell proliferation and invasion.CONCLUSION: FAK plays a significant role in signaling pathway of HGF-responsive cell line derived from cholangiocarcinoma. Autophosphorylated Src, induced by HGF, mediates Src kinase activation, which subsequently phosphorylates its substrate, FAK, and signals to cell proliferation and invasion.
基金Supported by Grants from the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,Commission on Higher Education,No 48-03-3-00-144Faculty of Medicine,No 51-03-2-00-008 and Khon Kaen University,No 50-03-1-01-005,Research Funds,Khon Kaen University,Thailand
文摘AIM:To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of four caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells.METHODS:Four caged xanthones,selected on the basis of their anticancer potency and chemical structure diversities(i.e.isomorellin,isomorellinol,forbesione and gambogic acid) were used in this study.Growth inhibition of these caged xanthones was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay.Induction of apoptosis was assessed by observing cell morphology,ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining and DNA fragmentation assay.Levels of apoptotic-related gene and protein expressions were determined by a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.RESULTS:The compounds were found to inhibit growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and also showed selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells when compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Growth suppression by these compounds was due to apoptosis,as evidenced by the cell morphological changes,chromatin condensation,nuclear fragmentation,and DNA ladder formation.At the molecular level,these compounds induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin proteins with up-regulation of Bax and apoptosisinducing factor proteins,leading to the activation of caspase-9 and-3 and DNA fragmentation.The functional group variations did not appear to affect the anticancer activity with regard to the two CCA cell lines;however,at a mechanistic level,isomorellinol exhibited the highest potency in increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio(120 and 41.4 for KKU-100 and KKU-M156,respectively) and in decreasing survivin protein expression(0.01 fold as compared to control cells in both cell lines).Other activities at the molecular level indicate that functional groups on the prenyl side chain may be important.CONCLUSION:Our findings for the first time demonstrate that four caged xanthones induce apoptosis in CCA cells which is mediated through a mitochondriadependent signaling pathway.
