Chondrogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells treated with growth differentiation factor 5 under hypoxia

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of the self-assembly cartilage tissue engineered with chondrogenically differentiated human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMCs) induced by growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5)

Noggin versus basic fibroblast growth factor on the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells

The difference between Noggin and basic fibroblast growth factor for the neural precursor differen- tiation from human embryonic stem cells has not been studied. In this study, 100 tJg/L Noggin or 20 IJg/L basic fibroblast growth factor in serum-free neural induction medium was used to differen- tiate human embryonic stem cells H14 into neural precursors using monolayer differentiation. Two weeks after induction, significantly higher numbers of neural rosettes formed in the Noggin-induced group than the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced group, as detected by phase contrast micro- scope. Immunofluorescence staining revealed expression levels of Nestin, [3-111 Tubulin and Sox-1 were higher in the induced cells and reverse-transcription PCR showed induced cells expressed Nestin, Sox-1 and Neurofilament mRNA. Protein and mRNA expression in the Noggin-induced group was increased compared with the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced group. Noggin has a greater effect than basic fibroblast growth factor on the induction of human embryonic stem cell differentiation into neural precursors by monolayer differentiation, as Noggin accelerates and in- creases the differentiation of neural precursors.

Growth differentiation factor 5:a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective potential in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide,affecting over 6 million people.It is an age-related disease,occurring in 1%of people over the age of 60,and 3%of the population over 80 years.The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra,and their axons,which innervate the striatum,resulting in the characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.This is paralleled by the intracellular accumulation ofα-synuclein in several regions of the nervous system.Current therapies are solely symptomatic and do not stop or slow disease progression.One promising disease-modifying strategy to arrest the loss of dopaminergic neurons is the targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors to the substantia nigra or striatum,to protect the remaining dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway.However,clinical trials of two well-established neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have failed to meet their primary end-points.This failure is thought to be at least partly due to the downregulation byα-synuclein of Ret,the common co-receptor of glial cell line-derived neurorophic factor and neurturin.Growth/differentiation factor 5 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family of neurotrophic factors,that signals through the Ret-independent canonical Smad signaling pathway.Here,we review the evidence for the neurotrophic potential of growth/differentiation factor 5 in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.We discuss new work on growth/differentiation factor 5’s mechanisms of action,as well as data showing that viral delivery of growth/differentiation factor 5 to the substantia nigra is neuroprotective in theα-synuclein rat model of Parkinson’s disease.These data highlight the potential for growth/differentiation factor 5 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-5 STIMULATES THE GROWTH AND ANABOLIC METABOLISM OF ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES

Objective To observe the effect of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) on the growth and anabolic metabolism of articular chondrocytes. Methods The articular chondrocytes isolated from rats were treated with various concentrations of rmGDF-5, and the growth of chondrocytes measured by MTT assay, the cellular cartilage matrices formation detected sulfated glycosaminoglycan by Alcian blue staining and type Ⅱcollagen by RT-PCR. Results After 7 days culture, MTT assay showed that GDF-5 enhanced the growth of chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, RT-PCR showed that GDF-5 clearly induced the synthesis of type Ⅱ collagen because of the col2a1 mRNA band more and more strong in a dose-dependent. Chondrocytes were cultured with GDF-5 for 14 days, the intensity of Alcian blue staining was greatly enhanced, especially, at a high concentration of 1000ng/mL, and GDF-5 enhanced the accumulation of the Alcian blue-stainable material in a concentration-dependent manner and in a does-dependent manner. Conclusion GDF-5 enhanced the growth of mature articular chondrocytes, and stimulated the cellular cartilage matrices formation in mono-layer culture.

Hepatogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by insulin like growth factor-Ⅰ

AIM:To improve hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)using insulin growth factor 1(IGF-Ⅰ),which has important role in liver development,hepatocyte differentiation and function.METHODS:Bone marrow of healthy donors was aspirated from the iliac crest.The adherent cells expanded rapidly and were maintained with periodic passages until a relatively homogeneous population was established.The identification of these cells was carried out by immunophenotype analysis and differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes.To effectively induce hepatic differentiation,we designed a protocol based on a combination of IGF-Ⅰ and liver specificfactors(hepatocyte growth factor,oncostatin M and dexamethasone).Morphological features,hepatic functions and cytological staining were assessed to evaluate transdifferentiation of human marrow-derived MSCs.RESULTS:Flow cytometric analysis and the differentiation potential into osteoblasts and adipocytes showed that more than 90% of human MSCs which were isolated and expanded were positive by specif ic markers and functional tests.Morphological assessment and evaluation of glycogen storage,albumin and α-feto protein expression,as well as albumin and urea secretion revealed a statistically signif icant difference between the experimental groups and control.CONCLUSION:In vitro differentiated MSCs using IGF-Ⅰwere able to display advanced liver metabolic functions,supporting the possibility of developing them as potential alternatives to primary hepatocytes.

Effect of VEGF on Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in vitro

The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） on neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells （hESCs） in vitro and the possible mechanism were observed. The hESCs lines, TJMU1 and TJMU2, were established and stored by our laboratory, hESCs differentiated into neuronal cells through embryonic body formation. In this induction process, hESCs were divided into three groups： group A, routine induction; group B, routine induction＋10 ng/mL VEGF; group C, routine in- duction＋10 ng/mL VEGF＋10 ng/mL VEGFR2/Fc. OCT4, Nestin and GFAP in each group were de- tected by RT-PCR, and the cells expressing Nestin and GFAP were counted by immunofluorescence. The percentage of Nestin positive cells in group B was significantly higher than in groups A and C, while the percentage of GFAP positive cells in group B was significantly lower than in groups A and C （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference between groups A and C （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that VEGF, via VEGFR2, stimulated the neural differentiation of hESCs in vitro.

Controlled and reversible induction of differentiation and activation of adult human hepatocytes by a biphasic culture technique

AIM:Clinical application of human hepatocytes (HC) is hampered by the progressive loss of growth and differentiation in vitro. The object of the study was to evaluate the effect of a biphasic culture technique on expression and activation of growth factor receptors and differentiation of human adult HC. METHODS: Isolated HC were sequentially cultured in a hormone enriched differentiation medium (DM) containing nicotinamide, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and dexame-thasone or activation medium (AM) containing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). Expression, distribution and activation of the HC receptors (MET and EGFR) and the pattern of characteristic cytokeratin (CK) filaments were measured by fluorometry, confocal microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS: In the biphasic culture system, HC underwent repeated cycles of activation (characterized by expression and activation of growth factor receptors) and re-differentiation (illustrated by distribution of typical filaments CK-18 but low or absent expression of CK-19). In AM increased expression of MET and EGFR was associated with receptor translocation into the cytoplasm and induction of atypical CK-19. In DM low expression of MET and EGFR was localized on the cell membrane and CK-19 was reduced. Receptor phosphorylation required embedding of HC in collagen type I gel. CONCLUSION: Control and reversible modulation of growth factor receptor activation of mature human HC can be accomplished in vitro, when defined signals from the extracellular matrix and sequential growth stimuli are provided. The biphasic technique helps overcome dedifferentiation, which occurs during continuous stimulation by means of growth factors.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A HUMAN B CELL LINE THAT RESPONDS SPECIFICALLY TO B CELL GROWTH FACTOR

A human B cell line （3D5） that responds specifically to B cell growth factor （BCGF） hasbeen developed by a sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowen I activation,EB virus im-mortalization,and cloning.Proliferative response to PHA-stimulated T cell supernatant（PHA-T-Sup） and nonresponsiveness to rIL-2 stimulation were factors used to screen positivecells.Phenotype analysis with a flow cytometer indicated that:1) 3D5 is a B cell line:100% of the cells were positive for B1 marker and 59% were positive for sIg,while T3and Mo 1 were negative:2) 3D5 is an activated B cell line:both Tac and 4F2 markersof activated （but not of resting） B cells were 100% positive:3) 3D5 expresses high molecularweight BCGF （HMW-BCGF） receptor-associated epitope BA5.3D5 cells proliferated inresponse to cpBCGF stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.HMW-BCGF also induced3D5 cells to proliferate.Interestingly.no proliferation could be detected in the presenceof rIL-2,rIL-4,or rIFN-r.The data show that 3D5 cells are specifically BCGF-responsiveB cells.Using 3D5 cells as target,BCGF activity was detected in crude BCGF preparationsedimented by 85% （NH4）2SO4 and chromatographed in a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column fromPHA-T-Sup.T24 cell supernatant with B cell differentiation factor （BCDF） activity couldnot induce 3D5 cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells.

血清GDF5 mRNA在慢性牙周炎患者中的水平及其与病变程度的相关性

目的分析血清生长分化因子5(GDF5)mRNA在慢性牙周炎患者中的水平及其与病变程度的相关性。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月该院口腔科收治的慢性牙周炎患者150例作为研究组,并根据牙周检查情况分为轻度组(53例),中度组(51例),重度组(46例),另选取同期健康体检者50例作为对照组;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测血清GDF5 mRNA水平;采用Pearson相关分析血清GDF5 mRNA水平与牙周袋探诊深度、附着丧失水平和菌斑指数的相关性;采用Spearman相关分析GDF5 mRNA水平与病变程度的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析慢性牙周炎的影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清GDF5 mRNA水平对重度慢性牙周炎的预测价值。结果对照组与研究组GDF5 mRNA水平分别为1.01±0.30、0.70±0.21,研究组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.061,P<0.001)。血清GDF5 mRNA水平、牙周袋探诊深度、附着丧失水平和菌斑指数在轻度组、中度组和重度组中依次升高,两两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDF5 mRNA与牙周袋探诊深度、附着丧失水平、菌斑指数、病变程度均呈负相关(r=-0.587、-0.521、-0.628、-0.567,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,GDF5 mRNA水平降低是慢性牙周炎发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清GDF5 mRNA预测重度慢性牙周炎的曲线下面积为0.893,灵敏度为79.23%,特异度为88.31%。结论慢性牙周炎患者血清GDF5 mRNA水平随着病变程度的加重而降低,GDF5 mRNA还可以作为预测重度慢性牙周炎的指标。

Suppression of human papillomavirus type 16 E5 oncoprotein:A promising step in fostering the treatment of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a growing global disease in developing countries.Persistent infection with human papillomaviruses(HPV)is an essential causative agent in this type of cancer.Several studies demonstrate HPV E5 oncoprotein can impress the normal life cycle of HPV-infected cells by targeting some pivotal cellular signaling pathways,such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling pathway.In this study,we used E5-siRNA to knockdown that essential oncogene and considered the effect of E5 silencing on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,apoptosis-related gene expression,and the initiator of the EGFR signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.The results demonstrate that E5 plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in cervical cancer.Furthermore,silencing E5 reduces proliferation,increases apoptosis,and elevates related-genes expression of these malignant cells.Overall,E5 suppression may be appropriate for ameliorating cervical cancer progression.

生长分化因子5与代谢性疾病

生长分化因子5(growth/differentiation factor-5,GDF-5)属于转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)家族,在骨、软骨、心脏、大脑、肾脏、骨骼肌和肌腱、肝脏以及脂肪等多个器官组织中表达。GDF-5与其受体BMPR-I/BMPR-II结合,激活Smad1/5/8、PI3K/Akt、p38-MAPK等信号,发挥促进细胞增殖分化、减少氧化应激损伤、细胞凋亡和组织纤维化等生物学功能。目前针对GDF-5的研究多聚焦在骨、软骨与肌腱的生长和修复等方面,而在其他器官中的生物学作用鲜有报道。因此,本文通过梳理和总结近年来GDF-5与代谢性疾病的研究进展,为GDF-5在改善代谢性疾病防治提供新的见解和理论依据。

双膦酸盐修饰生长分化因子5促进MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化

背景:生长分化因子5作为骨形态发生蛋白的一员在软骨及骨组织修复领域表现出良好的应用潜力,增强生长分化因子5与骨组织的亲和力是提高蛋白使用效率的关键,因而开发具有骨靶向性的生长分化因子5蛋白具有重要意义。目的:利用双膦酸盐修饰生长分化因子5并探讨改性后蛋白对小鼠成骨前体细胞生长分化的影响。方法:采用化学交联法将生长分化因子5与帕米膦酸钠偶联,得到偶联帕米膦酸钠的生长分化因子5,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、圆二色谱对其基团及结构进行表征,利用ELISA试剂盒测定生长分化因子5与磷酸钙的结合量以及生长分化因子5的体外释放量,用于表征其体外骨靶向性。将生长分化因子5(对照组)、偶联帕米膦酸钠的生长分化因子5(实验组)分别与成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1共培养,以单独培养的细胞为空白对照,评价复合物对细胞增殖及分化等的影响。结果与结论:①红外光谱及圆二色谱结果表明,实验成功制备了双膦酸盐/生长分化因子5复合物且蛋白二级结构无显著变化;体外磷酸钙吸附结果表明,偶联帕米膦酸钠后,生长分化因子5与磷酸钙的吸附率增加了约1倍;在半胱氨酸存在条件下,偶联帕米膦酸钠的生长分化因子5的蛋白可释放出来;②CCK-8实验结果显示,实验组培养4,7 d的吸光度值高于对照组、空白对照组(P<0.0001);培养7 d后,实验组碱性磷酸酶表达明显高于对照组、空白对照组(P<0.0001);培养13 d后,实验组钙结节含量明显高于对照组、空白对照组(P<0.0001);qRT-PCR结果检测结果显示,培养7 d后,实验组碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素及Runx2的mRNA表达高于对照组、空白对照组(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.0001);③结果表明,双膦酸盐修饰有利于增强生长分化因子5与磷酸钙的结合能力,同时有利于增强其生物活性。

生长分化因子5诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞的软骨分化

背景:生长分化因子5属于转化生长因子超家族成员之一,也是关节发育的最早标志之一,对软骨修复具有重要作用。目的:探讨生长分化因子5诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨分化的作用机制。方法:分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度生长分化因子5对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖活性的影响,RT-PCR检测不同质量浓度生长分化因子5诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化相关基因的表达;为进一步探讨生长分化因子5诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的作用机制,加入Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制剂XAV-939和激活剂Laduviglusib诱导培养14 d,RT-PCR和Western blot检测软骨相关基因和Wnt/β-catenin信号通路中相关蛋白的表达。结果与结论:①CCK-8结果表明生长分化因子5对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖没有明显影响;②生长分化因子5促进了软骨相关基因Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖、Sox9的表达,其中以50 ng/mL组软骨相关基因上调明显;③加入Wnt/β-catenin信号通路激活剂Laduviglusib之后,Sox9、β-catenin和Ⅱ型胶原表达上调(P<0.05),加入Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制剂XAV939之后,Sox9、β-catenin和Ⅱ型胶原表达下调(P<0.05);④综上,生长分化因子5诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨分化可能与激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。

Cloning of Integral Mature Peptide Gene of Human GDF-5

Summary: The integral mature peptide gene of human growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was cloned to provide the essential foundation for study on the biological characteristics of GDF-5 at gene and protein levels. Two primers were chemosynthesized according to the hGDF-5 sequence reported in Genbank. The hGDF-5 gene was gained by RT-PCR methods from the total RNA extracted from human fetus cartilage tissue, and was cloned into vector pMD18-T. The sequence of recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-hGDF-5 was analyzed by sequence analysis. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the product of RT-PCR was about 380bp, and double enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid corresponded with it. The result of sequence assay was in agreement with the reported hGDF-5 sequence in Genbank. Our results showed that the integral mature peptide gene of human GDF-5 was cloned successfully from human fetal cartilage tissue, and totally identified with the sequence of human GDF-5 in Genbank.

人脐带间充质干细胞通过GDF-15/FOXO3a治疗小鼠卵巢功能不全的研究

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUC-MSCs)改善卵巢功能不全(premature ovarian insufficiency,POI)小鼠的卵巢损伤及机制。方法:采用足底注射透明带3多肽(zona pellucida3 peptide,pZP3)方法构建POI小鼠模型,将小鼠分为对照组、佐剂对照组、pZP3组和hUC-MSCs组,每组10只。以阴道涂片监测动情周期、以酶联免疫吸附测定检测血清卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)和雌二醇(estradiol,E_(2))水平,以HE染色观察卵巢组织学,以蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)检测叉头框转录因子O3a(forkhead box O3a,FOXO3a)、p-FOXO3a、p53、胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、Bax表达水平,以实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测POI的标志物骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morp hogenetic protein 15,BMP15)、抗米勒管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)、WNT、卵泡刺激素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)以及促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和IL-1β的表达水平,以RNA-seq检测生长分化因子-15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)的表达水平。通过环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,Cy)构建体外模型。结果:(1)造模6周后,与对照组相比,pZP3组和hUC-MSCs组动情周期出现紊乱,且血清FSH水平升高,血清E_(2)水平降低,表明模型构建成功。(2)相较于对照组,pZP3组闭锁卵泡增加,原始卵泡数目降低,hUC-MSCs干预后小鼠原始卵泡比例和数目均高于pZP3组(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,pZP3组卵巢中凋亡蛋白p53、Bax表达水平上调,hUC-MSCs干预后小鼠凋亡蛋白p53、Bax表达较pZP3组下调(均P<0.05);pZP3组体内Caspase-3变化与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。pZP3组炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α表达上调,hUC-MSCs干预小鼠的IL-1β、TNF-α表达较pZP3组显著下调(均P<0.05)。(4)pZP3组体内Treg细胞数量降低(P<0.01),hUC-MSCs干预后小鼠Treg细胞数量较pZP3组升高(P<0.0001)。pZP3组卵巢组织中BMP15、AMH、WNT以及FSHR的mRNA表达水平较对照组降低,hUC-MSCs干预后小鼠的表达水平较pZP3组升高(均P<0.05)。(5)pZP3组FOXO3a磷酸化水平高于对照组(P<0.0001),hUC-MSCs干预后,FOXO3a磷酸化水平较pZP3组下降(P<0.0001)。测序结果提示,pZP3组GDF-15表达上调,hUC-MSCs组中GDF-15表达较pZP3组下调。结论:POI小鼠体内GDF-15和p-FOXO3a表达上调,h UC-MSCs通过下调GDF-15的表达和降低FOXO3a的磷酸化水平,改善POI小鼠的卵巢组织形态,实现对POI小鼠的治疗作用。

Effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Objective：To investigate the effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） following induction by GDF-5. Methods：MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After 3 passages cells were induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation with recombinant human GDF-5（100 ng/ml）, with or without 1-heptanol（2.5 la mol/L）. The effect of 1-heptanol on MSCs proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. Type II collagen mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry respectively, and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was assessed by Alcian blue dye staining. Connexin43（Cx43） protein was examined by western blotting. Results：GDF-5 induced proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. While 1-heptanol treatment had no effect on this proliferation, it inhibited the expression of both type II collagen mRNA and protein. The Alcian blue staining revealed that 1-heptanol also inhibited the deposition of the typical cartilage extracellular matrix promoted by recombinant GDF-5. Western blotting demonstrated that 1-heptanol had no effect on the expression of Cx43. Conclusion：These results suggest that mouse bone marrow MSCs can be differentiated into a chondrogenic phenotype by GDF- 5 administration in vitro. While the gap junction blocker, 1-heptanol, did not reduce gap junction Cx43, these intercellular communication pathways clearly played an important functional role in GDF-5-induced cartilage differentiation.

血清FGF1、NT5E、25(OH)D在T2DM伴骨质疏松患者中的表达及与糖脂代谢、骨代谢的关系

目的探讨血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子1(FGF1)、人胞外5’-核苷酸酶(NT5E)、25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]在2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴骨质疏松患者中的表达,并分析其与糖脂代谢、骨代谢的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2023年6月郑州大学第五附属医院收治的94例T2DM伴骨质疏松患者,另选取同期94例未伴骨质疏松T2DM患者,分别纳入伴骨质疏松组、未伴骨质疏松组。比较两组血清FGF1、NT5E、25(OH)D水平及糖脂代谢、骨代谢相关指标水平[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、稳态模型测算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、骨碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)、骨钙素N-端中分子片段(N-MID)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTX)、骨钙素(OCN)、抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体5b(TRACP-5b)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PⅠNP)];比较不同骨质疏松程度患者血清FGF1、NT5E、25(OH)D水平,分析三项指标与糖脂代谢、骨代谢及骨质疏松程度的相关性,并评估其诊断效能。结果伴骨质疏松组血清FGF1、NT5E、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、N-MID、β-CTX、OCN、TRACP-5b水平高于未伴骨质疏松组,25(OH)D、B-ALP、PⅠNP低于未伴骨质疏松组(P<0.05);不同骨质疏松程度患者血清FGF1、NT5E水平比较,3度患者低于2度患者,2度患者低于1度患者,25(OH)D水平比较,3度患者高于2度患者,2度患者高于1度患者(P<0.05);血清FGF1、NT5E与HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、N-MID、β-CTX、OCN、TRACP-5b呈正相关,与B-ALP、PⅠNP及骨质疏松程度呈负相关,血清25(OH)D与HbA1c、HOMA-IR、TC、N-MID、β-CTX、OCN、TRACP-5b呈负相关,与B-ALP、PⅠNP及骨质疏松程度呈正相关,且各指标联合诊断骨质疏松的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.923,大于三指标单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论FGF1、NT5E在T2DM伴骨质疏松患者血清中表达上调,25(OH)D表达下调,各指标水平与糖脂代谢、骨代谢及骨质疏松程度均具有一定相关性,联合检测对骨质疏松具有一定诊断价值,可作为临床诊断疾病的辅助指标。

生长分化因子5诱导间充质干细胞多向分化的作用与问题

背景:生长分化因子5属于转化生长因子β超家族成员和骨形态发生蛋白家族成员之一,在关节软骨损伤修复、骨再生、改善椎间盘退行性变、肌腱愈合和神经发育等方面发挥重要作用。目的:综述生长分化因子5诱导软骨细胞、髓核样细胞、肌腱细胞分化以及诱导骨形成和神经发育方面的研究进展。方法:在中国知网、万方数据库,以“生长分化因子5,关节软骨,骨,髓核样细胞,肌腱,神经再生”为检索词;在PubMed数据库以“growth differentiation factor 5,articular cartilage,bone,nucleus pulposus cells,tendon,nerve regeneration”为检索词进行检索。根据纳入与排除标准,排除与主题内容不相关的文献,纳入与生长分化因子5相关的69篇文献。结果与结论:①生长分化因子5可诱导间充质干细胞成软骨和成骨分化,但是生长分化因子5诱导成软骨或成骨分化的浓度分界仍然不清楚;②生长分化因子5可诱导间充质干细胞向髓核细胞分化,可能对治疗椎间盘退行性变有一定作用;③生长分化因子5能够诱导间充质干细胞向肌腱细胞分化,对肌腱损伤修复及预防术后肌腱粘连发挥重要作用;④生长分化因子5可诱导神经发育,促进神经再生。

生长分化因子5单核苷酸多态性与大骨节病的相关性

目的探讨生长分化因子5(GDF5)基因3个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点多态性与大骨节病的关系。方法用限制性核酸内切酶酶切方法对103例大骨节病患者和91例健康人的GDF5基因上的3个SNP位点进行基因分型,计算相应人群中3个位点的基因型频率,比较各组间基因型频率的差异。结果单倍型重构分析显示单倍型AT、TGC和TAT在大骨节病患者和健康人群之间存在差异,但3个位点单位点关联分析未显示与大骨节病具有相关性。结论单倍型TGC与大骨节病具有相关性。

生长分化因子5诱导脂肪干细胞向成软骨细胞方向分化的实验研究

目的通过质粒转染探讨生长分化因子5(GDF-5)诱导大鼠脂肪干细胞向成软骨细胞方向分化的影响。方法选取雄性SD大鼠采用酶消化-密度梯度离心法提取脂肪干细胞行体外培养,并通过流式细胞术鉴定脂肪干细胞。体外培养的脂肪干细胞分3组,即转染组、空质粒组和对照组。转染组采用Lipofectamine^(TM)2000进行脂质体pcDNA3.1(+)/GDF-5重组质粒瞬间转染;空质粒组采用空质粒pcDNA3.1(+);对照组只加入等量脂质体。转染后观察各组细胞形态。同时,通过免疫组织化学、免疫荧光检测培养2周后Ⅱ型胶原表达水平,通过甲苯胺蓝染色检测2周后蛋白聚糖表达水平。结果转染2周后,空质粒组、对照组细胞形态未见明显变化,转染组长梭形的细胞明显向成软骨的多角形方向变化。Ⅱ型胶原经免疫组织化学染色,转染组可见棕黄色染色,空质粒组、对照组无明显染色;免疫荧光结果显示,转染组细胞呈亮绿色,空质粒组、对照组均未见明显染性着色。蛋白聚糖经甲苯胺蓝染色后转染组细胞呈蓝染,空质粒组、对照组均未见明显染性着色。结论pcDNA3.1(+)/GDF-5转染脂肪干细胞能显著增加Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖的表达,促进脂肪干细胞向成软骨细胞方向分化。